 मदल unserer मद Fey मदल मदल मदल अजी यहांपे एक उर चीज के जी जोभी आपके पास अवरीज तोटल कोस्त होगी अवरीज तोटल कोस्त is in fact equal to अवरीज विक्स्त कोस्त पलस अवरीज वेरीबल कोस्त इस जीस को रिपोट करने के लिए, हम एक हैपोट्तिकल श्केजूल यूस करने है उस्केजूल में क्या है क्या हम अगरीकल्चर अउट्फोट करने है, वर सात में वेरे पास आप लेबर, that is being used to produce agriculture output. और बाखी सा फैक्टर्स के बारे में हमारी इजम्शन क्या है, के दे आल अदर फैक्टर्स आर, कोंस्तेंग. And to obtain average physical product, we have to divide agriculture output with units of labor. If I talk about combination A, then in combination A to produce average physical product, we have to divide agricultural output with units with labor hours. If I divide 1 to 10, then what will come to me, we will obtain 0.10, that is the average physical product against per unit of labor. If I divide total cost with units of agricultural output, then this is the average total cost of agricultural output. Against 1 unit of agricultural output, total cost is equal to 150. So average total cost, by dividing total cost 150 with units of output, we can obtain average total cost. Then in this same pattern, if we talk about every fixed cost, we are getting that average fixed cost by dividing fixed cost with level of output. If I talk about F combination, to obtain average fixed cost, I have to divide 100 with 9.6 units of output. If I divide 100 with 9.6 units of output, then the average fixed cost that is equal to 10.4. And to obtain average variable cost, we have to divide variable cost with agricultural output. If I talk about B combination, to produce 3 units of output, farmer has to bear a cost, variable cost equal to 80 rupees. What will be the average variable cost? By dividing 80 with 3, we can obtain average variable cost that is equal to 26.7. Now these things that we have computed, if I talk about average physical product, then if you look at this column attentively, then you will observe one thing. As units of labour increases, what is the average physical product? Initially every physical product increases, it reaches maximum when farmer is using 26 labour hours. After that, it starts decreasing. Initially every physical product increases as units of labour, as labour hours increases and then it starts decreasing. If I talk about every total cost in this pattern, then what is the association here? As level of output increases, initially every total cost decreases. At what point every total cost is minimum, minimum value of every total cost is equal to 27.1. At what level of output is this? This is against 9.6 units of agricultural output. After that what happened? This average total cost starts increasing. Now if we show this in a graph form, then what we are doing is taking agricultural output on horizontal axis and cost on vertical axis. If I talk about every fixed cost, then what is this? As level of output increases, average fixed cost decreases. There is consistent decrease in average fixed cost with increase in agricultural output. If I talk about average total cost, then what is this? It initially decreases, reaches at a minimum point and then what is happening? It starts increasing. In this pattern, when I talk about average variable cost, then what is that? Initially it starts, initially it decreases, reaches at a minimum point and then it starts increasing. When you can observe one thing here, that difference between average total cost and average variable cost is relatively larger during initial phase of the production process. And later stage what happened? This difference between average total cost and average variable cost is relatively smaller than the difference that we have observed during the initial phase of the production. Then in this pattern, if I show every physical product in a diagram, then what is every physical product? This is the output against per unit of labour. We are taking labour hours on horizontal axis and average physical product on vertical axis. What is happening? Initially as labour hours increases, average physical product increases, it reaches at a maximum point, then what is happening? It starts decreasing. Now there is an association between average cost and average physical product. What is association? The point where in figure 1, we are reporting average physical product against different quantities of labour hours. In figure 2, we are showing average variable cost against different levels of output. The point where average physical product is maximum, we are observing this, maximum value of average physical product when units of labour is equal to 26 and formula is producing 8.1 units of agricultural output. And when we see this in the part of average variable cost, then what is there is that average variable cost is minimum when formula is producing 8.1 units of agricultural output. On that point, what is the average variable cost? It is equal to 16. Now on the basis of all this discussion, we can observe that average fixed cost decreases with increase in output. Average total cost and average variable cost normally decreases upto a certain level of output and then it starts increasing with the expansion of output. Average variable cost and average physical product curves, they are basically mirror image of each other. And I say that average variable cost is a U-shaped curve, then average physical product curve is an inverted U-shaped curve. If I say that average physical product is convex in shape or average variable cost, this is concave in shape. Now the point where average physical product is maximum, average variable cost is minimum and with reference to agricultural output, with reference to agricultural output, if I summarize all this, then we will observe these things with reference to average physical product and average cost of the farmer. The point where average physical product of agricultural output maximum will be against that point, average variable cost of the farmer will be minimum.