 The idea of socialism is a wonderful idea. It's the idea of a world very different from our world in which conditions are, in all respects, much more agreeable to the individual than they are in our world. The major problem with socialism is that this construction, this ideal construction of a socialist war is an idea that cannot be put into the socialist ideal state of affairs that cannot be put into real practical reality. It assumes that everybody knows in what way he could, in the best possible way, contribute to the economic efforts of the whole world and of every part of the world. And it raises the question, why are people so bad or so ignorant or something else that they do not accept this wonderful idea of a socialist state, of a socialist war in which nothing else happens than what is to improve the economic and moral conditions of everybody, of everybody else? When I assume, when I ask the question, why should not people behave in such a way? And one forgets that the problem of social organization of mankind is not a problem that can be solved by making a plan and adjusting people, every individual, to the functions which the great planmaker assigns to everybody. We are once living in perfect economic self-sufficiency of the smallest group of the family than of the group of families and so on. And out of this original state, this original conditions, they are developed as people say something very unsatisfactory. Unsatisfactory because there are people in our world who enjoy much more of the good things of the world than the other. There are people who live under conditions of race and this is only a small minority of people living and there are masses of people who are living under very unsatisfactory conditions. What people do not realize in dealing with this problem, with this ideal problem is that this system or any system of social organization of mankind is not something that existed or could be short of having existed from old times on and will exist always in the same way. The truth is that there is an historical evolution of the mankind and historical evolution that started from very low conditions of unsatisfaction and improved more and more over the war and this result of this development of this, as people say, slow development. I don't know how they know that this was slow because they do not know anything about something which would have brought about this development in a shorter time. They assume that mankind is something new that has by some reasons which we do not understand not attained already the state of affairs which it could have. People look upon groups of men who are living under better conditions and other groups that are living under poor conditions and are asking why is there such difference. They do not realize that what they have, what they are describing and what they are dealing with is a state of affairs that illuminates the most important factor historical evolution, the historical changes from some kinds of human cooperation and human operations to other kinds. They have in mind people construct a world that never existed but which we could construct because there are small parts of the present day world in which similar conditions to some extent can be assumed to exist and they are asking the question why is not just this. Why is 80 Ks and not B also the conditions of B are more satisfactory from the point of view of many people. And what they do not realize is that the problem we are dealing with is not a static problem that means not a problem of a society of human cooperation of human men that existed from old times from the far beginning of human history and will exist to the end in the same way. The truth is that people at the beginning of the early ages of human history were highly different in their living conditions from the groups of animals. That they lived separate in separate small groups and that these groups also they were not relevant with what the people are recognizing as the evils of capitalism that these groups had a standard of living which from our point of view is considered as highly unsatisfactory. People began to say men developed out of pre-human beings and the early condition of men, the natural condition of men as some people want to say and to call it the natural condition of men was highly different from the conditions of animals. And step by step they developed better conditions and these better conditions did not fall from heaven they were a development, a slow development of the human mind. And we have to realize that many things which we consider today as simply Tim was and that did not exist and if we are asking why then we have to answer because people had not yet discovered, had not yet developed. Most of the diseases from which people used to suffer and destroyed the life of people very early with a much greater number of infant mortality much of these conditions were one state of human affairs. And what developed was that two individuals, groups of individuals, or very step by step and just way there are many people in our neighborhood, in our countries, in the western world which is considered as the one of the highest civilization today that are still very unsatisfactory and there are people who are not even enjoying these the poorest conditions of the people of the other groups then we are forgetting that there is a historical evolution of living beings in the world and living aside all problems that do not refer to human beings we have to say there are groups of people, nations, parts of the world, races who are on a much lower level still today and those who are under better conditions, living under better conditions are the descendants of people who once lived under conditions which were considered as very unsatisfactory from our present point of view. Civilization is an effect of small minorities that means that it is the people who improve the conditions of mankind by improving the kind of way of life, the methods of work and the ideas, first of all, the ideas that are guiding their work are very unequally distributed in the world and if we say this is unsatisfactory in present day, let us say, England or the United States then we must say and it is nevertheless more satisfactory from the point of view of the individuals living their conditions in other countries and certainly also much more satisfactory than the conditions for mankind were in the past. If we say the usual criticism of the Socialist parties and ideas they say there is something which is more satisfactory from the point of view of human life and there is something which is less satisfactory. Why is this so? This is due to the fact that those who enjoy a better life are preventing the mere fact that they are consuming more to other people from improving their own conditions. What we do not realize is that every step forward breaks about also an increase not only in the number of people as such, but it breaks about also an increase of those who can survive in spite of the fact that they themselves in their ancestors did not contribute or very little contribute to the improvement of conditions or let us say this. We had once in a country that has today a population of five million people, a population of five thousand people and the individuals of these five thousand people live under much poorer conditions than those ten times or hundred times greater number of people who are living in this country and this emerge under the system which we have under the system which is working now and this system is a system in which everybody is free to try to improve his own standard of living in the best possible way that is accessible to him and this way we have of course developed great differences and there are enormous differences in the standard of living. We have rich people and we have poor people and we have very poor people and we have still people dying, I wouldn't say from starvation but dying from the fact that the conditions the material conditions for their survival were less fortunate. We wanted to look around in the various parts of the world and we will see the groups and to answer the question why is this country more densely populated than another country? Why aren't the people living on a higher standard of living in this country than in another country? Then we have to say because the people are different because these people have, because these are groups of people that develop methods of improving the state of health and the length of life of their members in a better way than it was done in other countries and there are poor people who were in advance of other groups. We have to take into account the fact that there is no such thing as a life and the standard of life given to people by nature. Every improvement has been brought about by the ideas and actions according to these ideas of men who brought about a higher standard of living. If we say therefore all people are equal and it's not very unfair, unjust that there are people living at the highest standard of living in some parts of the world and on the lowest standard of living in other parts of the world then we want to substitute for the world as it exists and other world which is inhabited by different kinds of people. We complain the inequality of the standard of living of people but we do not realize that if there were not such a difference there are people who have remained on the original standard, on the standard highly different from the standard of animals. We are dreaming of a world of equality. We say and repeat it again and again, men are equal and the truth is men are unequal and precisely because men and groups of men and families and tribes are unequal there is progress and improvement in the world. If the people are criticizing today that there are countries in which the standard of living is more satisfactory than in other countries but they are forgetting that 1,000 years ago, 2,000 years ago, or even 500 and only 15 years ago there were also great differences between the various groups of men and that these differences would not have disappeared if it had been considered as a law, a principle of existence, as a principle of human management that every improvement must be given at the same time to all of us. First of all, we have to realize this would require the spotless government. We have no government that says you must do these things but we have a wall in which the individuals are unequal and unequal individuals are free to search for the best possible satisfaction of their ones. We are considering, lots of people have written books in this sense we consider it is very unfair that there are nations and families who are living at a higher standard of living than other groups but what we are forgetting is that the fact that people have found out some methods for the improvement of the standard of living could be realized at the same time by everybody in the whole world. We have to realize that the world of progress, the world which we did not create but the world in which we were born that this world is a world in which conditions are improving only step by step by the work of people and that in this regard, in improving the conditions the various people are very unequal. Nothing is more erroneous than the idea to assume that people are equal in this regard. People, the equality does not include equality of the mind equality of energy, equality of many other qualities that are necessary in order to improve the standard of living or one's own standard of living as well as the standard of living with other people. It would be quite different world which these socialist ideologues have in mind. A world in which every change for the better would be prevented by the fact that it cannot be put into practice at the same day or in the same year in the same age for all other people. It's the fact that there were people who had, let us say, invented some protection for the feet who invented the shoes and the stockings. The fact that the invention of shoes or something which we have to consider as the technological predecessor of modern shoes was not available at the same time to everybody was not something that brought somebody it was something that opened the way for future improvement. We are looking at everything in the world from the point of view why is it not given to everybody. We do not realize that the progress, the improvement of conditions is something that goes step by step beginning with those people who are gifted in order to invent these new things and to put these inventions into practice and so on and step by step brings about an improvement. Socialism is a wonderful idea, wonderful. Everybody should get the same things. Why should one man have more or better things than the other man? There is no answer, no other answer. Then this is not right. This is the question is wrong that the people have to ask is it permitted to men to improve their conditions or have the same way to remain at the same level? Of life that their ancestors had already ages ago, many, many ages ago. This is the difference between the animals and the men. I will leave aside all the problems because there is also some development in animal development in the life of these animals. But if we are asking why is it that the people in the western part of Europe and America are the higher standard of living than the others. We have the others. We have not, we have to realize that this is not true. First, this is not true to the fact that more benefited people have exploited the other. And secondly, the mere fact that they have improved their conditions within the course of the father development also benefits the other ones. The idea of socialism was fundamentally, on account of the fact that people believed that the improvement of conditions falls from heaven and that therefore everybody should get it at the same time. Then they say, if it is really true that to have a pocket watch is an enormous progress why did not heaven give in one night to everybody in the world a pocket watch? If we see this, we can learn this truth every day. If we see how some new invention comes or some new method of healing diseases also. Human abilities and effects of disabilities are different and we must realize that the opposite is only socialism that means the state of affairs in which a dictator stands to everybody what to do and what not to do. And this dictator will ask why should he get something that we will not do if we can't give to everybody everything at the same time then let us better not to give anybody anything. And this is the alternative of socialism. The alternative to capitalism would have been the state of affairs in which you wouldn't get anything that would create a difference between you and all the other people living under. If we had a state of affairs the population of the world would still be what it was 5,000 million years ago.