 in Italian studies on the subject just a decade ago that early metallurgy in Italy developed mostly within the third millennium BC corresponding to the local late and final enolithic or copper age. This view draws on the assumption that metalwork evolves linearly from simple items to technologically and stylistically complex objects. In the last decade, the increasing performance of radiometric dating of short lived samples associated with significant metal artifacts has shown the pitfalls of the traditional methods of chronotypology. Just to make an example, certain object types have been pushed over 1000 years back in time. In this scheme you have a representation of this reversal of dating. Research projects under the acronym Tempi conducted in the year 2015-2017 Newcastle University as Mary Curie Action has critically reassessed the evidence on early metallurgy in peninsular Italy and built a new comprehensive sequence of Italian copper alloy art. In particular, axes, daggers and halberds of the late and early peak and copper age. This task has been accomplished by combining different strengths of analysis, new and old AMS C14 determination from human bone samples associated with metal objects in close context, a new classification of artifacts and seriation context comprising them and last but not least, technological comparison with metalwork from other regions of Europe. The work resulted in a novel sequence of five metallurgical horizons spanning over 2000 years, which we hope shed new light on the temples and social dynamics of metallurgical development in prehistoric Italy, vis-a-vis sense of Europe and the Mediterranean. A necessary step in this chronology building exercise has been re-think in metalwork typology by consistently large metal artifacts as palimpsest of technical acts from manufacture to use woodwork. This approach sought to counter the traditional conception of types as ideal templates by taking into account the technological transformations undergone by the objects during their life cycles, but there is no time obviously to detail this methodology, therefore I focus now on the chronological issues. The new sequence starts with the horizon one, which can be a proximity attributed to the late final new lithic and dated to circa 4500-3700 BC. There is a consensus among scholars that the first large implements, in particular triangular axes made of pure copper, accompanied the final stages of circulation of new lithic granstone axes and replaced them. These artifacts are distributed over most of Italy and can be validated through comparisons with 97 objects and very rare find context. So we don't have radical bondating for this period, not directly associated to the object. This generalizing is a sort of introductory step to a fully fledged metallurgy occurring in the Aeolithic. Early C-14 dates associated with metalwork cluster around mid-4th millennium BC and concentrate south of the Apennines in the area characterised by the so-called Rinaldone culture. Radical bondatimination from mining sites in Liguria are similarly old, if not older, even though we do not possess enough evidence on co-eval metal products from this same area, so there is a problem of comparison. To date, the Italian Copper Ages provided 32 determinations of short-lived samples, mainly human bonds, directly associated with single or collective graves to significant metal objects. These dates, which are a highly selected set of dates, I have discarded all charcoal dates and in particular known IAMS dates because there is no association with the object. They constitute the backbone even though not the sole basis of the new chronological sequence. This simple calibration plot makes evident that all dates ranging around mid-4th millennium BC, those in red, are from Peninsular Italy, while those from northern Italy, from continental Italy in green, concentrate in the last third of the fourth and early third millennium BC. This configuration and verification of distinct stylistic traditions in metalwork have suggested to kept separate the two areas at the first level of analysis. In Peninsular Italy, Bayesian statistics of 21 radiometrically dated burials, based on a previous clustering by Cereation, allows a distinction between three successive metallurgical stages, approximately covering the interval 3700–2600 BC at a 95% probability. Recently performed radiocarbon dates from Mediterranean Italy show a striking technological development around 3650–3350 BC. This is marked by the imagines of new objects, including daggers, possibly halberds, and also new types of ax heads. The first centimonial silver objects and the first centenical alloys also appear in this period. In individual burials of their regulatory tradition, metalweaponry and tools are part of complex panoples, including an array of different materials, from flint to grandstone and bone, to examples from latsi. There is an analogy, particularly with the so-called fourth millennium over-equipped warrior rays, recognised by Van Hansen in different areas of Europe. Interestingly, critical typological cross-links between west-central Italy and central and eastern Europe support the relative and absolute position of horizon 2 around the mid-fourth millennium BC. For instance, daggers of the guardistallo type, this is an old typology of definition, these daggers are frequently found in burials of this period, and connect the early and erythic in Mediterranean Italy to a much broader European context. In particular, within the Meta-Rich-Monse culture in south Germany, a similar type of dagger is densodated to around 3730 BC, close to the earliest Italian specimens. Horizon 3 and 4, ranging from circa 3,350 to 2,600 BC, just before the Bell Beaker Meta Station, see the start of a new technological cycle. A new class of daggers, made of Senegal copper, tanged daggers, appears both in northern and west-central Italy. The distribution of this class prevails at the cost of Tuscany, and the poplain, the Remedello area, but there are also later extensions to southern Italy. From this period on, after a gap occupying most of the 40 millennium BC, northern Italy stepped back in the spotlight at the level of radiocarbon wagons. The crucial problem of the chronology of tanked daggers has been addressed by rethinking their classification. In particular, morphometry helps discriminate between three main forms of tanked daggers, the fontino type, the Remedello type, the slender variant of the Remedello type, and the squat variant of the same Remedello type daggers. At this classification, runs counter-old typologies, not so old, which conceived of Remedello daggers as an undifferentiated totality. New radiometric determinations from the cave Grotta Spinoza in southern Tuscany contribute to reassess the time span of the Remedello daggers. Two daggers of the slender variant of the Remedello type come from the cave, one which from an intact deposit. New 14 radiocarbon determinations of human bones from two different zones, this one and that one. Within the cave have allowed define a chromatic bracket within which to locate these two daggers between 3350 and 2900 BC. And a variation analysis of C14 dates associated with the Remedello type daggers, including those from Grotta Spinoza, supports the evolution of the form from a slender one to a squat one. So, a further chronological milestone in northern Italy is the range 3340, 3020 cal BC derived from the icemen's cooperates. The date is a combination of four dated samples from the Axis wooden shaft. So, there is a very certain association with the Axis. Reason isotopic analysis show that the icemen's ax was made from copper, probably originating in southern Tuscany again. This raises the possibility that need tyrannial means coming from an area exceptionally rich in metal awards might have contributed to the birth of mature metallurgy in northern Italy from about 3300 BC. So, the picture is further enriched by the copper ax recently found at Zubridmatt in Switzerland, which is a settlement, a leg site, a settlement relatively dated to the late 4th millennium BC. The dates coincide with those of the icemen's ax. This implement shares technological features in particular the raised margins and the flared blade with the icemen's ax and with mid-erranean specimens of the same date. We have a coincidence of red-carbon datings. Amazingly, isotopic signature released the Zubrid's ax again to all rich Tuscany. We can then envisage a late 4th millennium horizon, characterised by technomorphological innovations that stretch across vast areas. In northern Italy in the 2nd quarter of the 3rd millennium BC combined evidence from individual pit grades and statues, tail and rock and railings attest the pervasive spread of the remedello, daggers of the squat variant, mainly with a mid-rib. In peninsula Italy, great sets with metals of the advanced 3rd millennium are extremely rare. The only significant exception is the so-called tomb of the tribal chief found in Mirabelle glana in La Tupania, which is a wealth burial that includes metal forms distributed over a vast area, including north central Italy. As concluding remarks, we stress the most significant results of the new sequence. Setting aside the last horizon five or bigger period, which does not provide a coherent representation, the overall picture with particular regard to the 4th and early 3rd millennium stages invites a reconsideration of the role of Italy in the wider context of early European and Mediterranean mythology. The combination between radiocarbon and novel approach to typologies and reassessment of variants has revealed that unfolding two different temples of innovation between peninsula and northern Italy, particularly in the 4th millennium BC, an earlier divergence around mid-4 millennium BC is followed by increasing typological and technological convergence in the 3rd millennium. Radiocarbon dates through lights on these punctrated and target signals whose motivations still require an explanation. There is no doubt that mid-4th millennium BC west central Italy was a hub of metalwork production. The network of communication suggested by metal shapes and related technologies covered the entire mid-terranean area while also showing surprising connection with central and eastern area. This remarkable bloomable metal craft decreased gradually at the beginning of the 3rd millennium and appeared as a relatively ephemeral phenomenon. Radiocarbon suggests that just before 3,000 BC a new cycle of metalwork production started in the middle and late in Neolithic, which saw the introduction of new sophisticated metal shapes and new technological features, such as, for example, tanks, duggers and axes with raised margins. There are clues that matter-rich costs of Tuscany played a key role in simulating technical innovations towards the north to the extent that they probably crossed the out. Future research should investigate whether these transformations might easily get broader changes in the social and ideological sphere. Thank you for your attention.