 21st century science and research relies on collaboration at scale. One of the things that we have learned from the recent Covid pandemic is that we can't really tackle the major scientific and societal challenges unless we do collaborate across borders. And that's why it's really important. I would urge the European Council, the European Commission, I would encourage the member states and indeed the UK and Swiss governments to think about the importance of the UK and Switzerland associating to Horizon Europe. It really is fundamental, not only in our own national interests, but in the interests of all of humanity that we collaborate together in what is one of the world's largest research areas.