 Hi friends, in continuation with our earlier session on line balancing we will be moving on to the second part of the line balancing, all of us know that we are discussing the line balancing and this is the second session on the line balancing where we will also understand what are the concept and what is the method of line balancing what are the various steps of line balancing. We will have once again the basic definition of line balancing various terms related to line balancing what are the steps involved in the line balancing and what is a common most common method of using the line balancing called as heuristic method. This is just to revise what is line balancing it is the balancing of the production or assembly line and the objective of this is mainly to distribute the task evenly over the workstations so that ideal time of the main and machine is as minimum as possible ideally it should be 0 of course it is practically not possible to have a 100 percent perfectly balanced line. We are talking about various workstations in the line balancing and what is a workstation workstation we have some definitions of terms associated with the line balancing a workstation is a location on assembly line where given amount of work is performed or it can be a combination of various machines and other resources and a area which is made for convenience of it can be combination of various machines taken together and we can call it as a workstation. The next definition is cycle time it is the amount of time for which a unit that is assembled is available to any operator on that line or it is the time the products paints at each workstation. In short cycle time is defined as total available time divided by output units required per period. Suppose I require 10 per hour then the required output is 10 and available time is 60 so there by 60 divided by 10 so it will be 6 minutes is the total cycle time the meaning of this that I have to finish up the entire processing of the job amongst all the workstations available so that each workstation will complete all its activities within the 6 minutes only 6 minute is the maximum time available for the completion of that particular activity or the task. The task it is the smallest grouping of the work that can be assigned to a workstation ok predecessor task a task that must be performed before performing another task that is giving you the precedence requirement that a particular activity or particular task particular process has to be completed but there is a condition that before you proceed that particular task you need to perform some task which is a mandatory requirement so as to go for that particular operation for example I will give a simple example I want to go for drilling operation and then drilling is to be done with the help of a jig then machining for that jig location may be a facing or turning operation is a precedence before I go for the drilling operation that is what the meaning of precedence task is. Then the station time that is a total standard work content of the specific workstation is the station time there is a time required for that particular standard work content. Balance delay it is the delay it is the percentage of total idle time on the line total time spent by the product from beginning to the end that is it is equal to n into C t minus sigma of S k into 100 divided by n into C t where the number of workstations C t stands for cycle time and S k stands for the station time ideally the balance time should be equal to how much now there is a obvious question that what should be the ideal value of the balance delay of course all of us know that balance delay should be as minimum as possible ideally it should be 0 only if I can get a 0 balance delay you have to balance that line very perfectly and it is an extreme example of the highest level of line balancing a great achievement for all of you. Moving on to the next part what are the various steps in solving the line balancing problem the first one is you have to define the task what is the task for line balancing then secondly what are the requirements for the precedence you have to identify the precedence requirements for that particular task calculate minimum number of workstations required to produce the desired output now here the word minimum is more important now the entire method will have efficiency which is based on this I can have the balancing of the particular given problem with the help of more number of workstations but that gives you least efficiency that will definitely address to some types of direct or indirect wastages so the word more important over here is the minimum number of workstations required to produce how to go for minimum workstations will be of course clear when you go for the next slide apply heuristics to assign tasks each station now what is heuristic and what is heuristic method will be explained in the next step so in the next slide what you have to do is you have to apply the heuristic approach for assigning the workstations and the time required for that and now evaluate effectiveness and efficiency of the entire line balancing method as I said as minimum as number of workstations will give more effectiveness and more efficiency and if it is not possible to have further fully developed and fully balanced line then you have to go for iterative process well you have to repeat these stages until you get the required improvements as such okay now what are the what is the exact meaning of heuristic method of line balancing what are the various steps of heuristic methods will go by one by one in this method numbers are assigned to each operation to denote how many producers it has for example a particular operation will have number of producers it can be one it can be two it can be three also most commonly in most of the obvious cases it is only one precedence as I said a particular operation has to be completed before you go for the next operation that is meaning of the precedence a particular activity for example a cover is to be fitted in the assembly line before that we need to fit a body and then on the body you have to fit that cover so this is the precedence that body fitting is necessary before a cover fitting is necessary that is what the precedence is and the other example which I quoted is in the case of a machine shop line balancing drilling I want to perform but you need to have lathe operations which is taken as a reference for the jig that will be another one and once you know the understand the meaning of that precedence you have to draw the precedence diagram of the various work elements and then for the succeeding elements select the cycle time which is feasible you have to find out the selective a feasible cycle time you cannot go for a cycle time which is absolutely a ideology which is not feasible as such it can be of course it will depend upon the reduction rate which is required then assign the work elements to work stations this is a arbitrary stage we have to apply the work stations and then the first stage is more important if work station time is more than cycle time then identify work elements due to which it happens in any case cycle time is the governing parameter for the line balancing therefore on the no work station your total time will exceed cycle time if that is happening we have to go for the repetition of the iteration process and you have to repeat all the steps of steps number three and four until all the elements are fully assigned and then you achieve this particular condition where you will see that work station time is equal to or less than the cycle time only so cycle time is the determining factor which decides the output of that particular entire line therefore in any case cycle time cannot be cycle time can be cycle time should be maximum and cycle time decides the work station time sorry if work station time is more than cycle time then you have to identify the work elements due to which happens and in any case any work station time should not exceed the cycle time that is the meaning of all this and you have to go for repetition of step number three and four until you are fully finished with this particular task so that will give you the balancing method and this is called as heuristic method heuristic is a repetitive method which is by thumb rule you have to go for this rule and see that you have to assign the entire balancing of the line with minimum balance delay the first one and the second important condition is that you have to go for minimum number of work stations with this we can have a balancing line for the machine shop or balancing line for the assembly so that's all we will be completing the discussion on the balancing line balancing one and line balancing two and probably in the next chapter in the next session we are going to have one numerical which can be tried which will demonstrate further all the heuristic method approaches for this line balancing that will help us to understand further meaning of all the terms and terminology used in this line balancing thank you thank you once again