 Thank you for joining us at WSIS Forum 2018. I'm delighted to be joined by Ms. Karen Bartelsen, who's past President and Chief Executive Officer of IEEE. Thank you for joining us. I am delighted to be here. I really appreciate the opportunity. Thank you. So, Karen, the emphasis of IEEE's intervention this year at WSIS Forum was about ethics in design in AI and AS. So what can you tell us about it? IEEE has an initiative underway for the last couple of years to emphasize that when people are designing artificial intelligence and autonomous systems, we have to think about ethics first. Because if you design something like an autonomous vehicle or a robot or an artificial intelligence algorithm, you have to consider the human aspects first. Human beings are inherently biased. We can't help it. That's our makeup. But if we're writing algorithms that will decide how to analyze someone's medical situation, we need to prevent the bias from creeping in. So we have produced a document that we call ethically aligned design. It was crowdsourced. We're now working on version three, and it will become a permanent textbook if you like, a reference source for people who are entering into the field of AI and AS development. And through that document development, we have produced 13 different standards projects. These standards will help people to decide, for instance, how do you measure the well being of a society? Not using GDP, which is a traditional way of measuring the well being of society. But that measures how well the upper people are doing, they're very successful. But it doesn't tell you are people happy, how's their mental health? Is AI and AS actually making a society better? So we have a standard that will have metrics for that. We have a standard for how to prevent bias from entering into your AI algorithm. So again, there's 13 of these, plus the document. And anyone who's interested in this in the entire world, I would encourage them to go online and download the document, read it, contribute to it if they like. And certainly we want to help prevent bad things from happening, because I personally believe that AI and AS can do some dramatic things to really improve the human condition. It's very interesting this emphasis from productivity to happiness. Exactly, exactly. And a lot of that has to do with, do you necessarily become more happy when you're more productive, or do you become more stressed out, and is the only goal in what we do as human beings to make a lot of money and to have more things? There are a lot of people who think maybe not that there should be more of a value to living and experiencing each other as human beings. And there's also the aspect of how do we protect the planet, because productivity can sometimes be very, very detrimental to our beautiful earth that we live on. So there's a lot more than just productivity, in my opinion. And that's part of what the ethically aligned design is all about. So there were lots of discussions that we've informed this year about happiness, about gender equality as well. And I think it's a theme that's very dear to you, isn't it? Well, obviously. When I first came to WSIS this year, I thought there is so much more focus on gender equality this year than last year when I was here. And I thought maybe that's my imagination, because it is a topic that I look for. But in speaking with many people, they said, no, absolutely not. There is much more emphasis. It's probably a result of the whole Me Too times up that we're seeing some very bad behaviors coming to light. And what I found important at WSIS is it wasn't just women talking about gender equality, it was men also. So there's an awareness now globally that I think will not be just temporary. I think it's going to continue and be persistent. I'm looking forward to young parents teaching their sons. You don't behave this way anymore. And we will change the whole way that our society behaves. I also learned a new word this week. It's manil, which is a panel entirely of men. So what people are now trying to do when they organize panels is make sure it's not a manil indeed. So therefore, do you find that WSIS is the right platform to discuss these issues? I do. WSIS, because there's an emphasis on the SDGs, has the ability to address probably just about everything that we need to address in society, things like gender equality, which was one of the SDGs, life under the ocean in the sea, which is one of my personal favorites because of the plastic pollution that is now coming to light, that by the year 2050, there will be more plastic in our oceans than fish by weight. It's terrifying. And when you see what's happening out there with trying to harvest huge amounts of plastic that are destroying marine life and certainly our beaches, which implies tourism is at risk as well, because who wants to go to a beach that's littered with horrible plastic? So every single SDG is addressed here. The reason it's important to an organization like IEEE is we as technologists see that we fit into every single one of those 17 SDGs. There's a technology element that will help solve these and meet these goals. And that's why we're really excited to be here at WSIS. Plus, I think what's important is the action lines that say, OK, now we understand them. What are we going to do about it? And how do we have people to drive the efforts to make the SDGs come true? Yeah, because it's not just a platform for discussion. It's also a framework. Exactly. It's a framework. It's tools. I come from industry. And so we don't like to just talk. We like to talk about things and then do them and execute them and make things happen. So that's why, again, I find WSIS to be very practical and very inspiring as to how we will move forward and make the SDGs come true. Well, thank you very much, Karen. Thank you. You're welcome, Sharon. Thank you.