 How are you Praveen? Where you are staying now? I am currently at Sadipur. My brother has a resident in Sadipur, Patel Nagar. So, I am currently staying there. So, what your brother is doing? He is also preparing. Younger to you or elder to me? The same is. Actually graduated in the same year. But who is elder? Are you twins? No, no, no sir. We are not twins. In the six months gap, I think I am elder. I think. Sir, actually what happens is that when they make certificate, then she is basically my cousin brother. So, you say like this? So, they basically changed their years. So, on that basis, I am elder. They say it is not your real brother. Yes sir, obviously. You are working in railway service, engineering service. Yes sir. When did you join? Sir, actually I cleared the exam in 2018, but I took one year extended ordinary leave. So, I joined on 12th October, 2020. You have seen the form which you have written? Till 31-8-2054. Yes. You have seen or you have not seen that? Yes sir, I have seen that. You have seen that means you filled it deliberately or what? Yes sir. Okay. You will be 60 then. Yes sir. Yes sir, that's right. So, it is written from two. Two means you will be dead. Yes sir, continuing or continuing. Okay, yes sir. Yes sir, yes sir. Nobody knows what will happen tomorrow. Yes sir, you are certainly sir. Actually I thought I have to give the exact date. Tell me, if you are appointed secretary in your home state, which post you would like to hold? Industries, health or social welfare? Sir, in social welfare what will be included? Social security, will it include education also sir? No. Social security, taking care of bigger section of writing, SD, SD or OVC. Yes sir, I will like to take social welfare departments. Why? Sir, I think sir the inequality in society is too much and the main problem is not only that we have to, someone else have to empower those people. First they have to change themselves psychologically. So sir, I want to talk to, my main motive in IS is also to talk to people, listen to them and find solutions by encouraging themselves that how they can find the solution. So that's why sir, by being in the social welfare department, I can talk to SC people, ST people as well as gender, find out what kind of problem they are facing and based on that I will design the solution. But doing that, there is a lot of staff available working at the ground level. I have to go through the entire process. No, no. You have to go through the entire process. When you go through the entire process, you may not be working in that social sector. You may be working somewhere else. But still sir, I would like to go on the ground to talk to people. Then only better solution can be added. Health also is a factor which is not working well at all. Yes sir. Issues are there, but people are not getting any attention. Not often. Yes, only there is also a problem. But sir, my choice would be social welfare. But yes, healthcare is also equally demanding. You stayed in the village any time? Yes sir. In my house, that was sort of the case. Village? Yes sir. Does that tell me two, three constitutional institutions and post at the central government level, state level and... Constitutional, you know constitutional... Yes sir. Yes sir. And post. Yes sir. Tell me two things. In general from, sir for example, in the central government there is election commission of India, UPSC, national commission for SCs and STs. And post? Post. Sir post, chief election commissioner in UPSC again there is chairman. And sir in national commission for SCs again there is a chairman. That means the president are not constitutional? Those are also constitutional. Sir, state level sir, in political CM post, in high court sir, the chief justice of high court, then state commission. Below that? Below that? Sir, in the village level there is panchayati Raj institutions. The chairperson in the panchayati. This is a national monetization pipeline, you know. Yes sir. When it started for that, the initiative has already been taken by the government for leasing out for monetization. Sir, in the railway sir, a parliamentary committee went out to various places to look out for what kind of assets that can be monetized. After this announcement? Yes sir. Actually I was doing training in Lucknow. So parliamentary... Yes sir. When it came? Sir, actually next day they were coming. That's why officers, they were very busy on that time of the day. But any other sector it has been started? Sir, currently I have just heard about this vision document. Exact steps are not there. You are a civil engineer. Have you heard of transplantation technique or trees? Transplantation of trees. Sir. The trees are being transplanted? No sir. I am not ready about any such things. Any idea how those big, big trees can be generally planted small seedly? Yes sir. I think sir to transfer such a big tree, we have to ensure that the entire root system needs to be transferred to sustain that big tree. So sir for that we have to first excavate the area carefully and then... Naveen now. Yes sir. UP has come up with a population policy despite having a lower, what do you call, PFR than Bihar. The only thing Bihar should be coming up with... Sir, the way Bihar government is approaching the problem, they are focusing on women empowerment through education. But there is a much slower process than having a strict, role-based process. Sir, I think that is something where people themselves understand what is the importance of reproduction and how we can take care of the family but where we suppress or we try to enforce something and without giving them proper education and healthcare, that solution I don't think is very sustainable. What did you take on the uniform civil code? Sir, uniform civil code I think is a nice idea because various fundamental rights are violated in personal code, personal law. Thank you sir for population policy. You said you can't impose on personal law. I am coming on that sir. But sir, main point is again we have to respect the diversity of the custom. For example, there are many tribal people, many religious diversity. So in that case sir, I think we need to look at the adverse customs and laws in each personal laws and try to remove them so that fundamental rights are not violated. Besides that sir, I don't think we need uniform civil code in such a diverse country. I see an anomaly, the steel and cement price has increased substantially during the lockdown despite of having a shorter or lesser demand for these products. What has happened? Sir, I think I can think of two reasons. First, supply chain was disrupted. It was very difficult to supply. Second thing sir, even in international arena, China has significantly reduced the production of steel. So sir, these two might be the reason. You have been working as an Indian railway service from what time? Have you started working or are you still working? No sir, I am currently undergoing training. You are currently undergoing training. So what role are you expected to play once your training is completed? Sir, I have been posted in subdivision where I have to basically manage track of around 150 to 200 km where I have to ensure inspection. After inspection, if there is any requirement of maintenance. Besides maintenance, we need to take some new initiatives also. Besides that sir, we have to ensure the welfare of the people working under me. So as part of the national monetization pipeline railway is also a major part of this? Yes sir. Can you tell me what is expected out of railway and NMB? Sir, as per the initial idea sir, various stations are being monetized. For example, stations are being developed. What is the content of monetization from railway? How much money is expected to be laid from railway? No sir, I am not exactly aware about that data. You talked about safety in those 200 tracks. What are the technologies which we are using to check these? Sir, in railways. Sir, in the engineering department, one of the major cause of accidents are railway crossings. So we are entirely removing the railway crossings. We are either constructing under bridge or over bridge. So besides that, there is a problem of lack of maintenance in the railway track. So for that sir, we are drastically shifting to the mechanized maintenance of track. That can easily measure the various parameters and on that accidents can be taken. Sir, another problem is in the operation department as well as signaling department. Mainly during winter times, it is very difficult to see the signals. So for that, we are developing automatic four pilot assistance system, which can give the what kind of signal is coming right here in the cabin locomotives. What kind of changes has happened in the track rain technology? Are we still following the colonial practices in terms of track rain? No sir, we are increasingly using machines. For example, there is a PQRS machine that can lay the entire sleepers. And there is a machine that is called T28 that can lay the entire crossing of the rail track. So these kind of machines. What will be the impact of introduction of Indian Railway Management Service on your engineering service? Sir, in the initial phase, we will be given the role of what we are going to do that is engineering. So on that basis, first time we will do engineering only. But side by side, people are saying that our promotion will increase. If it is IRMS service, because other department gets promotion faster than engineering department. So besides that, we will be able to gain the knowledge of other department also, if we are allowed to work in other different departments. Despite of such a promising career and improved promotion opportunities, you have opted for every service in civil services, even for group P services. Will you be opting for these as well? Sir, actually, once I get posted in engineering service, I won't be able to give the exam. Not because there is a constraint, but the responsibility is quite large. So sir, if I get any service, then I can leave railway and keep continuing the preparation for civil services. So you will leave railway even if you get a group P service? Sir, because I think sir, this is the only way I can continue the preparation for civil service. So do you think what you are doing in railway service is not as important as what you would do as a part of civil service? No sir. I think railway is a great service. I have a lot of opportunity. But I think my interest lies where I can talk to people and go in the field such kind of work. Your field of posting even in administrative services is only for a short duration. That's for the time you would be desk down. In other services also it will not be much interaction if you take most of other services. So what do you think? Sir, I don't know what kind of challenges and other problems will come. But I think even on those times, I will try to go in the field and talk to people. Last set of questions, you place Qash. Yes sir. Qash has different color dots on it. Can you tell me what are the different colors and what does it mean? Sir, basically there is one dot and double dot. So one dot has more bouncing. So that is mostly yellow red. Yes, yellow red also. But I don't know the significance of color basis. But I know dot wise. So sir, one dot has more bounce. So that is mostly played by initial players. But double dot has less bounce which increases the reach of the player. And that is mostly played in the tournament and by mature players. Why is Pakistan performing significantly better than India? Yes sir. Right from the times of 1980s, there have been good players. Why do you think we are not able to perform as well as Pakistan? Sir, I am not exactly aware that what kind of condition existed. Qash is not very popular in India. You were in 1980s. That's why you could perhaps play. Yes sir. I don't see this question. Yes sir. In most players you don't have even if you observe them. Yes sir. Yes sir. Is Pakistan playing tennis? Is it more exhausting? Sir, yes sir. As per other people's experience. Because basically in railway training, there were people who were playing both games. And they were saying that it's more exhausting. Because the decision and agility is... To take decision we have to just wait for some nanosecond. Millisecond sir. Especially in tennis, there is more time for acting. So that's why sir, it's more exhausting in squash. Okay. Now, how do you think of the national entry? How many people become on the ground? Yes sir. So how do you think of that? How do you welcome that? Yes sir. We need a diverse set of people. Especially the kind of technology that is coming. We need people from research background, academy background, as well as private sector also. That can enrich the policy making at the higher level. But sir, there are some caveats also. That we need to ensure that they remain in the service for some period of time. No, that will be taken care of. But then your movement will be restricted, you know. For promotion too. The years there and all that. Sir, certainly there will be impact on promotion. But sir, I think the kind of job and job diversity that IES provides is very immature to limit it only on the basis of promotion. We can do a lot of work in IES. Sir, your law is underwent training? Sir, yes sir. Where? In RDSO? No sir. It's a construction, basically North Christian Railway Construction Department. How about RDSO? Sir, actually I have been in Lucknow because my mausoleums in Lucknow. So I have been to, because in that campus my mausoleums. So I have been to RDSO but as a formal training I have not been to RDSO. Yes sir. Sir, it's research, design and standards organization. So yes sir. Now recently they come up with some device for submitting. Are you aware of that? Yes sir. Sir, there is automatic train protection system. Again fog pilot assistance system. Then automatic train collision avoidance system. So such kind of technology they are coming with sir. So we have to fix that device, no? Yes sir. Yes sir. RFID tag. I have a bit surprise. The civil engineering will be keeping track of conditions of the track, basically. Yes sir. So there should be much more than that as civil engineering. Is that the only job? No sir. This is the main, we have to take care in permanent way. But other than that sir, various station buildings or other official buildings or as well as colony maintenance, such kind of work will also be taken care of. But other stations will also be privatized. What exactly will be done under this? privatization. Sir, for example in railway station, a private company can run the entire management of that thing. But again sir, in that case also a railway officer need to supervise those things that whether they are doing proper job or not. More of simulation. Okay. Now we have done IIT Samburthi in Delhi. Yes sir. You have to be in Delhi actually. IIT Delhi sir. Now about Delhi metro. Yes sir. No, number of tunneling they had done. Yes. How exactly did they do? There was a special machine they used for your work. Yes sir, tunnel boring machine. So basic. From where? From Germany. Yes sir, Germany. Germany sir. What exactly was the thing? Sir, tunnel boring machine. So basically the tunnel boring machine has a cutter. And there is a clamping system. So basically it gets thrust from the clamping system. And through that cutter head, it cuts the rock. And there is basically a conveyor system that can remove all the dust outside. So this is the way. Yes sir. So first they construct a diagram wall. So that a large area for a station can be constructed. And from that place they lower the tunnel boring machine. And then they can go and do tunneling. Now because of metro, we are getting carbon credits. Yes sir. How do we get carbon credits without the metro? Sir, basically there are two ways. First is regenerative braking. And through that they generate electricity. Besides, they are continuously shifting to renewable energy. And there is one more thing sir. DMRC is also calculating how much shift has been from road areas to metro. And through that they have basically fine for carbon credit. Okay, now we have driver less engines. Metro. Yes sir. How exactly operates? Sir, again they have automatic warning system. This basically entire signalling system remains in the computer. And based on that they can operate from a centralized operating system. Okay. I need questions. I think I am 15th science commission. If you are aware of the regulation. Yes sir. Then we want to do it. Sir, first thing sir 41% has been devolved to states. And 1% to UTS of... And so besides that they have recommended for disaster mitigation fund. And... Any percentage of states? No sir. Percentage has not been said. And there has been a recommendation for defense related funds sir. That there should be a proper fund for defense. What about population? Okay sir. Search for distributing 41% of the amount. They have concept 2011 population. But they have... For incentivization of population control. They have given around I think not exactly aware about the percentage. But they have given some weightage to 1971 population also. Which states are likely to benefit because of this? Sir, because of incentivization to population control. Mainly southern states are going to benefit. Is it on forestry? Yes sir. They have given weightage to forestry also. How is it? Sir, not exactly. Yes sir. How do you make a building earthquake resistant? And I think you have done some work also for that? Yes sir. Sir, first thing sir. The material that should be used. The steel should be highly used because very ductile. So it will prolong the failure. Second thing sir. The sear walls should be constructed. The third thing there should be symmetry in the structure. Sir, fourth thing. The foundation and the building. It should be separated by some sort of flexible foundation. Where can be the movement of foundation can be separated from the building. Sir, fourth thing. Seismic dampers are also being used to basically absorb the energy of earthquake. You are talking about the ground point, the rollers? Yes sir. Rollers that is placed between foundation and the building. Is it practical? Is India, now buildings are being constructed in earthquake zones using that? No sir. I am not aware that any building has incorporated this technology. What is Charpak scholarship? Charpak scholarship is basically funded by the French Embassy. Which was named after Dr. Joel Charpak who was a Nobel Prize winner in physics. So basically they provide scholarship for 30 students to do research internship in France for 3 months. You went there? Yes sir. What was the research topic? It was based on landslide. So basically a large landslide occurred in the Anpurna area of Nepal. So we have to do research regarding whether this was gravity induced landslide. Because if it is then there is a possibility that it may happen again and there can be a large catastrophe. What are the factors lead to landslides? Sir, if we categorize they can be natural and anthropogenic. So in natural if there is a large precipitation or they can be earthquake. So based on that landslide can happen. On manmade sir if we are doing a lot of deforestation we are constructing roads. We are constructing various hydro power stations. So this can be the factor. And further sir climate change is further excavating. And what are the civil engineering solutions for it? Sir, every area has different solution. For example civil engineering solutions are we construct retaining walls. We basically do rock bolting. We basically use various kinds of geosynthetic materials. But sir natural solution is more better place to ensure sustainability. Recently Habibganj reservation was there in news. Yes sir. Why? Sir, I am not sure but I think because of station development redevelopment sir. Yeah and it is also a green building. No sir, I have not heard about this. How to make the building more sustainable? Sir, right from the construction of building to its disposal we have to think in green terms. So for example during construction we can use all the local materials. All the materials which can be reused. For example construction waste those can be used. So besides that sir during the operation of that building how its energy consumption can be reduced. Basically energy efficiency. So for example sir we should provide good ventilation. Sir smart housing can be adopted. For example if there is no people in the home then light and fame can be automatically stopped. So such kind of. Okay. Why is Bihar still lacking in development while new industries are not coming up in Bihar? Sir in Bihar first thing is there is a lack of infrastructure. For example power, road, buildings such kind of things. The second thing low human resource capital formation sir. We have not invested not properly in health, education and nutrition. The third thing as Bihar is landlocked and it has less mineral also. So that's why industry has not been set up. So these are the current reasons but sir it has become a problem because of history also. Sir right from the times of independence before the independence as well as after independence. There has been government policy which has sort of discriminated against Bihar. So that's why. Floods is a common occurrence in Bihar. So in northern Bihar sir flood is one of the main reason for poverty sir. Okay. Floods are recurring in Bihar right? Yes sir. What are the civil engineering solutions for it? And why Bihar, what Bihar government is doing to resolve this issue? Sir Bihar government is mainly focusing on sir two approach. Structural and non-structural approach. In structures sir they are constructing embankments. They are constructing, they are training the river so that it can flow in limited areas. Besides sir all the sills that gets deposited in the river those are also being removed. Sir in non-structural approach we are basically trying to remove people and basically habitation from the flood, flood plain areas. Besides sir the flood forecasting system is being improved. So sir these are the main solutions. You have filled IFS at the 7th option right? Yes sir. Why so? Sir actually I don't want to go to foreign areas for service. I want to remain in India that's why sir. Any particular reasons? Any particular reason for it? Sir I can relate more to the, I mean basically people of India, village areas of India. That is the serving India right? Yes sir. Ok thanks. Ok. Yes sir. Will you do the job?