 civil society of Pakistan. So it is a very interesting topic for this session because Pakistan civil society is a very vibrant one because it has a long history of struggle in the promotion of democracy and in context of human rights. So there are wide range of challenges to the civil society also in context of Pakistan's case. So specifically after the 9-11 situation various threats from the terrorist organizations and the extremist groups but the civil society of Pakistan they actually faced all times of difficult situations and they have their very strong case in context of Pakistan's democratic struggle and in the specifically for the working class for the rights of minorities as well as in the social development specifically in the rural areas. So we can say that in context of Pakistan the struggle by the civil society specifically in the restoration of democracy it is also a very important topic. What type of impact the civil society has in Pakistan? The overall impact of the civil society initiatives we can discuss that various NGOs those are working in Pakistan. Initially they have minor acceptance in Pakistani society but now various NGOs they have their acceptance specifically in the economic development and in the social development sectors because they have now performed and they are delivering in the field of education, in the field of health, in the field of the availability of clean water and specifically in delivering a lot of services to the needy and poor people of far away areas. So it is estimation that there are approximately 100,000 NGOs operating in Pakistan although the exact number is not available because some NGOs are registered and some are still unregistered although now the government has a very much clear-cut rules regulations about the registration of NGOs and about the working and the funding of the NGOs but still some are registered and some are working under the name of some other NGOs. So we can say that civil society organizations include in Pakistan they are some professional associations they are representing like the trade unions they are the professional associations, faith-based associations are also there in Pakistan. Some are cultural associations, community-based organizations and some social welfare organizations. Some are non-profit health providers and some are non-profit school based and some are the foundations for the services for the on the voluntarily basis. Although there are some type of challenges in the case of Pakistan because we all know that Pakistan is an ideological based society where the acceptance of such type of organizations those are not the same having the same ideology but now in the 21st century the Pakistan society is operating on more open-based levels. Now in the 21st century Pakistan's economy is seeing that all the organizations, the civil society structure which is paying attention to the issues of the people of Pakistan where the government's attention is not that much or with the help of these organizations, the government's attention is being taken away from them. Many organizations are providing education for children so that they can provide food for children. So many parents who can't send their children to proper schools, they are providing education to their children and many other organizations are providing health services for people. So there are challenges in Pakistan but still the civil society is alive in the Pakistan's case and they are providing their services for the betterment of Pakistani society.