 Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, NRF2, plays a crucial role in protecting cells from oxidative stress and other environmental insults. It is involved in many biological processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and resistance to therapies and aging. Dysfunctional NRF2 signaling can cause cancer and infectious diseases. In addition, it can affect the immune response, leading to increased susceptibility to infections. This article was authored by Meera Hamad, Mohammed Raftari, Ruth Cesario, and others.