 Now, let us take a look at the spleen. So, I have lifted up the spleen and I have separated it from the pancreas. The spleen has got the following borders and I am holding it in the vertical position the way it was located. This is the costodiframatic surface. It is in relation to the diaphragm left dome and the three ribs 9, 9, 10, 11 th ribs. This is the costodiframatic surface. This is the visceral surface. This is the superior border. This is the inferior border and this is the anterior border. The superior border is recognized by its notch, the spenic notch and this is clinically palpable when the spleen is enlarged. And just below the superior border, this is the gastric area which is related to the fundus and the little bit of the less greater curvature of the stomach. The inferior border is the renal area because it is related to the left kidney and the anterior border is related to the spleenic flexure of the colon which was located here. Now this again is an interesting relationship. When we are doing a colonoscopy, we can see the bluish impression of the spleen through the colon and we know that we have reached the spleenic border, spleenic flexure. This is the colonoscopic appearance of the spleenic flexure. We can clearly see the spleenic impression. Now let's take a look at the highlight. The highlight has got two ligaments, one ligament below and one ligament above which we have cut. The ligament below is the spleenorenal ligament. It extends from the spleen to the left kidney and it contains these three structures. One, the tail of the pancreas, two, the spleenic artery and three, the spleenic vein. So these are looking in the spleenorenal ligament. The ligament above, a little bit of the cut margin is visible here, is the gastro spleenic ligament. And in the gastro spleenic ligament, we have the remnants of what is visible here are the short gastric vessels. So the asabrivia and some of the other vessels which we can see here, these are the left gastro-abuprope vessels. So these are looking in the gastro spleenic ligament. So this is the interior of the spleen which we have cut open. Most of the interior of the spleen is covered by red pulp with arteries inside. This is the fibrous capsule of the spleen covered by visceral palletonium with small partial traficulae entering into the red pulp. Inside the fibrous traficulae will be the venues of the spleen. And interspersed within the red pulp will be small lymphoid follicles which we cannot see in this cut section which is referred to as the white pulp. It is the red pulp of the spleen which acts as a temporary reservoir of blood and which is the one which bleeds whenever there is any spleenic rupture. The tail of the pantries is related to the hilum of the spleen and it was located like this which we have removed. This structure which I have lifted up here, this is the celiac trunk. It is at the level of T12. This is the superior mesentric trunk which is the level of L1 and this is the inferior mesentric trunk which is at the level of L3. So let us come back to the celiac trunk. The celiac trunk is very short and we can see that as it comes out it immediately divides it into three branches. The largest branch is the spleenic artery. The second largest branch is the common hepatic artery which is given as to the gastrodural and then it is becoming the hepatic artery proper. And the smallest branch is this one here. This is the lip gastric artery. The next important relationship is the spleenic vessels themselves. So for that, can somebody hold it here for me? Yes, just like that. If I were to put it back, this is the normal relationship. The spleenic artery runs along the upper border of the pantries. So this is the spleenic artery. In a normal situation the spleenic artery will be much more tortuous than this. And the spleenic vein runs behind the body of the pantries and we can see a groove here. This groove is where the spleenic vein was running. So that is another important relationship. Artery on the upper border of the vein behind the body of the pantries. Behind the neck of the pantries, if I lift it up we can see that the superior mesentric vein is uniting with the spleenic vein to form the portal vein. So this is the union. Superior mesentric vein, spleenic vein, continuing as the portal vein. And we can see the other part of the portal vein in the extra hepatic border triad. When I reflect like this, we can see that this is the other part of the portal vein. So that is another important relationship. Splinic rupture or splinic injury following 9th, 10th and 11th rib fractures on the left side is a very important clinical correlation. And in which case the only treatment is emergency spleenectomy. And the other condition when we have to do an spleenectomy but not emergency is when the spleen is enlarged which is called spleenomegaly. Then we have to do what is known as elective spleenectomy. In both these situations injury to the tail of the pantries is quite possible. So these are some important clinical correlations pertaining to the spleen. I would like to draw your attention to this vein, this collection of veins that we see here. This is the cut portion of the abdominal core part of the esophagus. And we can see the opening of the esophagus here where my finger has gone in. This ball of the esophagus is filled with dilated, engorged veins. We can see one vein here, we can see one vein of the mibosa and we can see cut portions of many other veins. And we can see that the spleen, left gastric artery itself is giving a branch to the esophagus. This is the esophageal branch of the left gastric artery. And all these veins were draining into this vein here. This is the esophageal vein and it is draining directly into the portal vein. And this is a very important site of portasystemic anastomosis. This patient as you can see from the liver here is suffering from alcoholic cirrhosis, micro nodular cirrhosis. And therefore, he had portal hypertension and that's what led to these dilated, engorged veins. Because the lower end of the esophagus is an important site of portasystemic anastomosis. And that is what we can see here. These are all the dilated, engorged veins which had formed an esophageal varicis. And this patient had a lot of hematomosis and altered blood in his stomach. That is one point. And the second point I would like to draw your attention to is the fact that he has got a gynecomastia. And we can see the gynecomastia here on this site as well as on this site. Which is also a manifestation of liver failure. So therefore, this is a patient with alcoholic cirrhosis with esophageal varicis, portal hypertension, hematomosis and gynecomastia. Thank you very much for watching. If you have any questions or comments, put them in the comment section below.