 chlorination, ozoneation and non-thermal plasma, NTP, are all methods used for water treatment. NTP has been shown to be more efficient than both chlorination and ozoneation, but it requires higher initial investment and operates at lower energy efficiency. To reduce these drawbacks, NTP systems can be retrofitted to existing chlorination plants, reducing the initial investment and increasing energy efficiency. Additionally, research should be conducted into contaminants of emerging concern to ensure that any new regulations are implemented before they become a threat to public health. This article was authored by Kamilan Omniker, Paul Kewisa, Michael Oderimola and others.