 Hi, I am Rajesh Sipal, Chief Scientist at ISTEM Research at CCAM in CBHTI for Campus Bangalore. Our team with the collaborators from Daichi Sankyo and National Eye Institute in IH have done a wonderful piece of work on the role of long non-coding RNAs in human lung morphogenesis. My graduate student, Polamu Banerjee, has made an excellent contribution for this work and currently she is pursuing her post-doctoral research at the University of Edinburgh. I am happy to share this video highlight of our work which is published in stem cells in November 2017. Early lung development is a tightly orchestrated process encompassing three stages. One, the formation of definitive endodum. Two, the anteriorization of definitive endodum. And three, the specification and further maturation of proximal as well as distal lung precursors. There is enough literature available on the association of various genes, proteins and their interactions during lung development. However, studies involving the role of long non-coding RNAs in lung development are very limited. Recently, novel classes of long non-coding RNAs have been characterized at a very rapid pace. And obviously this is driven by paradigm shifts in our understanding of genomic architecture, regulation and transcriptional output as well as by innovations in sequencing technologies and computational biology. With this aim, we first differentiated human-induced low-reported stem cells into distal and proximal lung precursors using specific combination of growth factors as well as small molecules in a stepwise manner thus recapitulating in vivo milestones of lung development. The distal and proximal lung precursors were further authenticated using stage-specific markers at mRNA and protein levels as well as by electron microscopy. Further, we took the help of next-generation sequencing to identify long non-coding RNAs and categorize them based on their proximity to protein-coding neighbors essential for lung oncogenesis. In the bioinformatic analysis of sequencing data, AIDU has to recognize a novel long non-coding RNA, RP-11380D23.2, which is located upstream of Pitex-2G that plays a major role in maintaining the left-right symmetry during lung development. Interestingly, RP-11 also includes a binding site for Parkour. Even a precipitation assays revealed that Parkour is a repressor for Pitex-2 and also indicated enhanced association of Pitex-2 with nuclear beta-catenin in the distal lung precursors. Parkour silencing researcher in drastic increase in distal markers thus allowing us to explore whether Pitex-2 is involved in the enrichment of distal lung precursors. Following that, whole chain of microarray analysis of RP-11 and Pitex-2 nocturne was carried out in bi-potential lung progenitors. As a result, enrichment of proximal progenitors was clearly detected thereby implicating an altered distal proximal pattern. A parallel is regulation of mid-effectors in both lockdowns highlighted direct modulation of Pitex-2 by RP-11 through the wind access. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that the link RNA-RT-11 drives distal proximal lung patern by regulative Pitex-2 expression via Parkour and wind signaling cascade. Now similar experiments with RC-202, which is a CFTR muted IBS cell line, helped us to demonstrate the significance of our hypothesis in the disease state as well. Further, we are trying to develop an in-bictro lung disease model using blue mice. Thank you for watching our video.