 Well, my dear students, the course is Liberal Policy Pakistan and the topic is definition of collective bargaining unit and definition of employer. Section 2, subsection 5 of the Industrial Relations Act 2012 defines the term collective bargaining unit as collective bargaining unit means those worker or class of workers of an employer in one or more establishment falling within the same class of industry whose terms and conditions of employment are or could appropriately be the subject of collective bargaining together. My dear students, this definition is a statutory definition and we cannot go out of it. You cannot refer to any other definition here and whatever features are written here, if they meet or complete, then the definition of collective bargaining unit is made. For example, collective bargaining unit refers to workers or class of workers of one employer who are in more than one establishment and their class of industry is one and their terms and conditions of employment can be considered as one. We call that the collective bargaining unit. Dear students, for more information, I would like to tell you that a bargaining unit in labour relations is a group of employees with a clear and identifiable community of interests who are represented by a single labour union in collective bargaining and other dealings with management. In this example, examples would be non-management professors, law enforcement professionals, blue collar workers, clerical and administrative employees etc. Now, let us move on to discuss another definition and that is employer. My dear students, this is also a statutory definition and we cannot refer to any other definition in this example. Dear students, your section 2 is Industrial Relations Act 2012 in which the definition is that employer in relation to an establishment means any person or body of persons, whether incorporated or not, who or which employs workmen in the establishment under a contract of employment and includes. This definition is exclusive as well as an inclusive definition and in this, we are talking about when we talk about an establishment in reference to who the employer is, it means any person or group of people whether they are incorporated or not. When it comes to being incorporated, it means an artificial legal person. And my dear students, this is the definition of the employer. If you look at part A of it, an year, successor or assign as the case may be of such person or body as a foreshad, then this is above the point that a person or group of people in an establishment is an employer or their ears are legal, or there are successors or there is an assign, whatever the situation is, they will also be considered an employer. So, the definition goes ahead and says that the part B of this is also included in the employer. Who is this? Any person responsible for the management and control of the establishment. So, you see this is an inclusive portion of the definition. C part also says that these people will be included in the employer's definition and they will be called an employer in relation to an establishment run by or under the authority of any department of the federal government. If there is a federal government department and there is an authority for that, then they will also fall in the employer's definition. So, it is written that in relation to an establishment run by or on behalf of a local authority, then the department of the local authority will also be considered an employer and the officer appointed in it will be considered an employer to run it. My dear students, this is an explanation in front of you. And why is this, so that we can know that workers or workmen and other officers, employees of department, federal government, and who is in the managerial position, it is also necessary to see that. So, the thing to remember is that sometimes it happens that there is a federal government or provincial government or local government and the government is running that run by the government, then the government or the government is considered an employer in relation to this law. Hope you have understood the topic. Thank you very much indeed.