 Hello everyone. Welcome to the class. Are you all ready? Well, in our previous class, we did time and we learnt how to ask time, we learnt how to tell time, with that we also did how to tell about your hobby or how to ask someone about their hobby. So, today we will do something new. We will continue with time of course, but learn new expressions, new time expressions, new vocabulary and lot of other things. But before that, we will do assignments that I had given you last time. So, let me just go over the assignments. Well, the simple assignment was for you to work in pairs and practice time. You have clocks over here and you can see time is also there on the clock. So, what you were to do was to ask your partner time and tell time. Now, time is here, written over here. You can please practice with your partner to ask time and to tell time. Now, this is another assignment which I had given you. Well, you can see on your screens these small pictures with hands and you can count the number of fingers there. And with that, you can add G and tell time. Now, this exercise was basically for you to write in Japanese, for you to write in Kanji characters. So, it is written in Roman also and it is written in the character as well. So, you can count the number of fingers over here and you can tell time by adding the counter G for time. I hope you all did it at home and now you are comfortable with time. Well, last time we did time as in Ichi-ji, Ni-ji, San-ji, Yo-ji, Go-ji, Roku-ji, Shichi-ji, Hachi-ji, Ku-ji, Juu-ji, Juu-ichi, Juu-ni-ji. So, now today, how will you tell other things that you require for time like minutes? If you want to say one and a half hours or you want to say it is 130, so today for that we will work over here. Now, as you can see on your screens, this is written, Han. It is pronounced as Han and Han means half actually, half. Now, half of what? As we are dealing with time, half of 1 hour. So, half of 1 hour is 30 minutes. Now, 30 minutes is Han in Japanese. Now, this Han, as you can see over here, can be added to time like Ichi-ji. You can say Ichi-ji Han meaning 130. But what you have to remember is that it is Ichi-ji Han, Ichi-ji Han and please remember not Ichi-han-ji. So, you have to remember that Han has to come after the counter-ji. It is listed over here. You can repeat after me Ichi-ji Han, Ni-ji Han, San-ji Han, Yo-ji Han, Go-ji Han, Roku-ji Han, Shichi-ji Han, Hachi-ji Han, Kuu-ji Han, Ju-ji Han, Ju-ichi-ji Han and Ju-ni-ji Han. So, now you can easily say it is 130, it is 230, it is 330. It can be said like this, ima Ichi-ji Han over here. It is all in hiragana. So, you can practice your hiragana as well. As you can see over here, Han means half, but refers to 30 minutes when it is added after the time counter-ji. Ichi-ji Han means 130 or 1 hour and 30 minutes. Well, you can practice this again with your partner. You can show time and then answer. So, now you can practice Han over here with your partner. You can show what time it is and you can also tell after that. Now, you could say ima nan-ji desu ka? Ima Ju-ni-ji Han desu. Ima nan-ji desu ka? Ima Ichi-ji Han desu. Ima nan-ji desu ka? Ima Ni-ji Han desu. So, you can continue practicing like this with your partner. This will give you practice and this will help you with your words, with vocabulary. You will feel more comfortable after you have done this exercise right till the end. It gives you a lot of confidence if you are able to speak the words properly, clearly and it is understood by the person you are talking to. So, please try to do this exercise at home with your partner. Well, now you have said 130. You have asked time ima nan-ji desu ka? Ima Ju-ni-ji Han desu. As we did right here, you have done this one. So, now on your screens, you can also see that something else is there, pun and fun. This means minutes. These are two readings for minutes in Japanese. So, now how do you practice that? So, if it is 120, what will you say now? You have done ni-juppun. So, ichi-ji ni-juppun desu. Now, you have to remember one thing that juppun can also be written as jippun. So, both are used very freely in Japanese. Over here, this is ichi-ji ni-juppun or ichi-ji ni-juppun, whichever you want to say. This is pun or fun. Ni is added over here and pun and fun is for minutes. In a similar manner, you can say ichi-ji go-hun desu, ichi-ji juppun desu, ichi-ji ju-go-hun desu, ichi-ji ni-ju-go-hun desu, ichi-ji san-ju-pun desu or ichi-ji han desu. Also, you can add go-zen or go-go before time and you will know whether it is am or pm and you can practice like this. Now, as you can see, the counter for minutes is pun or fun. Now, you can practice with me how to say ippun ni-hun and we can just practice over here right away. So, after me, you could repeat ippun ni-hun ni-hun and for over here is actually how you blow air out. If you cannot say that, you can always say hun, it does not matter. Sam-pun yum-pun go-hun, ro-pun, nana-hun, kyu-hun, ju-pun or jippun, ju-go-hun, san-ju-pun or hun as we did a little while back. And of course, when you have to ask how many minutes, you can use the question word naan with pun. So, it becomes naan-pun, ima naan-pun desu ka? Class wa ichi-ji naan-pun kara desu ka? So, you can ask any of these questions, any of this which we have done earlier. Now, you have done hiru. Hiru as you already know is 12 o'clock or noon and yasumi is to relax or yasumi is a holiday, a vacation, relaxing or just a break. So, hiru yasumi wa nan-ji kara desu ka? Hiru yasumi wa nan-ji kara desu ka? So, you can tell time, hiru yasumi wa juu-ni-ji kara desu. You can tell time, you can answer or if your hiru yasumi, your lunch break is from 1 o'clock, ichi-ji kara desu. So, now, for hiru yasumi, you can also replace hiru yasumi with a lot of things that you have done earlier like, Gakko wa nan-ji kara desu ka? Kaigi wa nan-ji kara desu ka? Or Ginko wa nan-ji kara desu ka? Of course, this pattern you have already done. What we need to practice here is minutes. So, hiru yasumi wa juu-ni-ji han-kara desu. Gakko wa nan-ji kara desu. Shichi-ji juu-go-hun-kara desu. Kaigi wa san-ji ni-juu-pun-kara desu. Ginko wa juu-ji juu-pun-kara desu. Now, you can again add go-go or gozen to it and practice with your partner. So, please try practicing minutes. So, you have hiru yasumi wa nan-ji kara desu ka? Ni-ji kara san-ji han-made desu. You have hap-pyo over here. Hap-pyo is presentation. Hap-pyo wa nan-ji kara desu ka? So, the answer is already here for you. Gozen ku-ji ni-juu-pun-kara juu-ichi-ji made desu. Kogi, which is a lecture, wa nan-ji kara desu ka? Kogi wa go-go san-ji han-kara go-ji made desu. Of course, you can always add go-go before five. As it is not required, you can just add go-go in the beginning over here. Go-go san-ji han-kara go-ji made desu because it is in the afternoon only. Then, you have gakko and you can practice with your partner. The time over here, ju-gyo, which is class. Again, you can practice whether it is, you can use go-go, you can use go-zen any way you want to say. And then, Nihongo class wa nan-ji kara desu ka? And again, time is given. You can ask your partner and practice. Well, now there is a small audio for you. Just listen to the audio and see how much you can actually understand from there. Any new word, we will try to do right away in class. Ima nan-ji desu ka? Ju-ji han desu. Ano, Nihongo class wa ju-ichi-ji kara desu ne? Ie, jigai masu. Class wa ju-ichi-ji han kara desu. Arigatou gozaimasu. Ima nan-ji desu ka? Ju-ji han desu. Ano, Nihongo class wa ju-ichi-ji kara desu ne? Ie, jigai masu. Class wa ju-ichi-ji han kara desu. Arigatou gozaimasu. I am sure most of it is understood. Only two new words are there for you. One is ano and the other one is jigai masu. This is your script, go over it, read it. You can practice hiragana and kanji like this. Then you have the explanation here. Very simple. Anywhere you get stuck, you can look up the explanation in English and that will help you. You have done one ano earlier in your previous class. One of the previous classes which was ano. Ano means that person or that object over there. Well, now this is another ano for you, A-N-O-O. There is a difference in the spelling and of course meaning as well. This ano as I told you just now is over there and this ano is an informal way of attracting someone's attention or informal way to say, please listen. Please, I want your attention. So ano imananji desu ka? As is there in the audio you heard. There is another word over here jigai masu. Well, jigai masu literally means it is different meaning that it is different from what you are saying. I do not mean this, it is something different. Jigai masu. Ima ichi-ji desu ka? Ie jigai masu. Ima ichi-ji han desu. So that is how you would use jigai masu. Now we have done hiragana syllables earlier. We have done the additional sounds in hiragana earlier. Now these are some new sounds which we had left. We are going to do these right away. The first one is kya. You know that the ya series, the ya syllable has only three – ya, u and yo. In the ya series, e is not there and e is not there. So only ya, u and yo are there. Now we are going to make these additional hiragana with ya, u and yo. Now the first sound that we have is the k sound or the ka series. So well, how will we make this short sound kya? Now what happens is, ki plus ya from here. The k sound ki plus ya will make kya. If you do it in hiragana, ki and ya is given. Now as you cannot cut it or reduce it in any manner, what is done? In Roman, the e part is removed and then you put ya over here like kya, the short sound kya, k plus ya. Now you have to keep one thing in mind that when you put the ya over here, this is a small ya, it is on the line and then only it becomes kya. If it is on the line like this, then it is ki and ya. It becomes two syllables over here. One is short and one is a full syllable. Now when you look at this, this seems like a full syllable and this seems like a small sound. But it is just the other way round. This is a small sound and this is a full syllable kya. You can repeat after me, kya, kyu, kyo, sha, shu, shou, cha, chu, cho, nya, nyu, hya, hyu, hyo. Well, we will be needing these now because we will be doing a lot of words with these kinds of sounds. One of them you did in your previous slide which was hap-pyo. So, the pyo sound is a quick sound. Now, what are we going to do today? We just practiced 30 minutes or han. So, kaigi wa roku-ji han kara desu. Now, just listen to this dialogue and let us see how many words you can catch, how much you can understand and of course we will do the explanation later. Now, I will read the dialogue but please I will not read the names. This is a dialogue between two people, Kim and Mira and I am going to read out aloud to you. Whatever is new, we will do it right away. Ashitabaki-yobi desu ne. Hai, sou desu. Honda-sensei no krass desu. Sou ne, sensei no krass wa nanji kara desu ka? Gozen juu-ji han kara juu-ichi-ji han made desu. Krass wa sangai no kaigi shitsu desu ne. Ie, nikai no kaigi shitsu desu. Domo. So, this is a conversation between Kim and Mira and Kim wants to know where the class is, what floor is the class. So, we will do a lot of new words, a lot of time expressions. Ashita is tomorrow, kiyobi is Friday, desu you know and ne. This is a new particle, so we will do it right now. So, now what is the answer Mira gives? Mira says, hai, sou desu. Honda-sensei no krass desu. I am sure this is understood. It is Honda-sensei's class. Sou ne, this expression we did sou desu ne. So, a short form of sou desu ne is sou ne. That is right. Sensei no krass wa nanji kara desu ka? Gozen juu-ji han. We did just now, han is 30 juu-ji han kara juu-ichi-ji han made desu. It is from 1030 to 1130. Now, Kim wants to know krass wa sangai no kai-gi shitsu desu ne. Sangai is sun is 3 and gai is the floor of a building or stories. So, krass wa third floor no kai-gi shitsu, conference room desu ne. Iie ni kai, second floor no kai-gi shitsu, which is conference room again desu. So, no it is on the second floor in the kai-gi shitsu. And of course, thank you for telling me. So, now we will practice this. This is in English. The English translation is right here. You can go over it. So, first of all, days of the week, well, getsu-youbi, kai-youbi, sui-youbi, moku-youbi, kin-youbi, do-youbi and nichi-youbi. So, we have getsu-youbi, getsu-youbi, kai-youbi, sui-youbi, moku-youbi, kin-youbi, do-youbi, nichi-youbi. So, you can practice this out loud later on at home. And of course, we did time expressions. We did one time expression just now, which was ashita. So, the others are, well, we start with ashita over here. Ashita, asatte, kyou-o-to-to-i, kin-o and o-to-to-i. So, you have kyou, ashita, asatte, kin-o and o-to-to-i. Now, you can practice this out over here. We start with o-to-to-i over here. O-to-to-i, kin-o, kyou, ashita, asatte. So, these are some new time expressions, some new vocabulary for you to learn. So, you can do this. Now, we have ashita wa kin-youbi desu. Now, what you can do is, you have this pattern over here. Time expressions you already know, ashita wa kin-youbi desu. Simple, you can tell ashita wa kin-youbi desu. Tomorrow is Friday or you can also ask ashita wa getsi-youbi desu. Ka, ashita wa getsi-youbi desu. So, this can be a question. Hai, ashita wa getsi-youbi desu or ashita wa getsi-youbi de wa arimasen. Any of these you can tell. Of course, we practice with this first and then do de wa arimasen. Ashita wa moku-youbi desu. Ashita wa ka-youbi desu. Asatte wa kin-youbi desu. Kyou wa nichi-youbi desu. Ashita wa nichi-youbi desu. Ashita wa yasumi desu. Tomorrow is a holiday. So, you can practice this please. We can do the same exercise with de wa arimasen as I just told you. Desu or de wa arimasen. We did it in the beginning. Desu is positive and de wa arimasen is negative for desu. So, asatte wa kin-youbi de wa arimasen. Asatte wa su-youbi de wa arimasen. Asatte wa do-youbi de wa arimasen. Ashita wa kin-youbi desu. As we did just a while back. Kyou wa ka-youbi desu ka? It is a question. Ashita nichi-youbi desu. Ashita nichi-youbi desu ka? Or you can also ask, ashita wa nani-youbi. Ashita wa nani-youbi desu ka? That could be a question and you can answer. Now, we have done desu, de wa arimasen. Desu is positive and de wa arimasen is negative as you already know. Now, what is the past? Deshita deshita. Please get the pronunciation deshita and the I over here is a little silent. Deshita and de wa arimasen is from here of course, negative and past is deshita. So, desu negative de wa arimasen, past deshita and past negative is de wa arimasen deshita. So, now you can practice kinowa kin-youbi deshita. Yesterday it was Friday. Ashita wa nani-youbi desu ka? Ashita wa do-youbi desu. So, you can practice this over here. It is given. You can do it with your partner. Also, in our previous lessons, we have done a desu ka, b desu ka. So, instead of a, you can have ka-youbi. Also, you can have one of these kin-youbi or do-youbi and you can practice. Ashita wa ka-youbi desu ka? Kin-youbi desu ka? Kyou wa ka-youbi desu ka? Kin-youbi desu ka? Asatte wa do-youbi desu ka? Nichi-youbi desu ka? You can practice this pattern as well with this. Now, we have done minutes. We have done 130. We have done ichi-ji niju-pun, ichi-ji han, ichi-ji sanju-pun, ichi-ji yonju-pun. Now, what about it is quarter to two? 145 can also be said as it is quarter to two. It is very simple. Nothing much is to be done over here. Well, 145 is ichi-ji yonju gohun and quarter to two would be niji-ju gohun mai desu. Now, mai means before or earlier. So, ichi-ji yonju gohun would be 1 hour 45 minutes and quarter to two would be niji. You say the time first niji-ju gohun mai desu. It is 15 minutes to two. You can practice over here. Piano reciter wa nan-ji made desu-ta ka? Gogo goji yonju gohun made desu-ta or roku-ji ju gohun mai made desu-ta. So, you have a lot of things. Undokai is sports meet, dorama you already know kurasu pati. You can practice these over here at home. Now, there was a new particle which we did particle ne. Particle ne also comes in the end of a sentence at the end completely and it actually is a confirmation seeker. It requires the listener to say something in response to what is being asked, what is being said. So, particle ne is a confirmation seeker and used to solicit agreement from the listener and it is equivalent to isn't it right and don't you agree in English and it always comes in the end. It has a rising intonation as well. For example, I know that you all are students, but still I just want to confirm I meet someone outside. I might have forgotten and I say, Gakusei desu ne. So, the intonation you can see is rising and it means, aren't you a student or ima ichiji desu ne. So, isn't it 1 o'clock now? So, that is how ne is to be pronounced or used. Now, in the conversation we also had kai or another reading for kai is gai. This is a counter used for counting floors in a building or to count stories of a building. This is a suffix and has two readings as I just told you. Kono birwa nankai desu ka? How many floors are there in the building? You can practice kai with me now, kai or gai and see how it is different, where it is different, where gai is to be used and where kai is to be used. Ni-kai, sangai means the third floor and you will see kai changes to gai. Well, you have seen the same change in Hyaku and Byaku as well. So, generally, the number 3 changes with the counter. You will notice it later on also. So, keep it in mind 4kai, 5kai, 6kai, 7kai, 9kai, 10kai. Now, you will see the ones written in purple are a little different. How are they different? Well, gai you just understood. Ikkai over here is a quick sound. It is a short sound. In a similar manner, Rokkai and Hakkai are also short sounds and kyu over here, kyu-kai. It is not kukai, which is k-u. It is kyu-kai, so these are different. Again, jukkai over here is a short sound. So, you have exceptions in purple. Try to remember the exceptions. Say out a loud, speak out a loud, practice loudly and it will help. You memorize. And then in the end, we have jyu-ikkai, which is very very easy. 10 plus 1, jyu-ikkai. So, it goes like this, jyu-nikkai, jyu-sankai. So, you can practice, memorize. So, this is floors on a building for you, which is kai and gai. You can practice. Nihongo-krasu wa nankai desu ka? Anata no uchi wa konobi iru no nankai desu ka? So, these you can practice at home and you can answer very very simple questions. Now, as we always do, we will do some new kanji characters also today. Kanji's as I have told you earlier also are pictograms and ideograms, where a certain idea is depicted in pictures and shown by lines, basically straight lines. So, these lines are drawn from left to right and from top to bottom, always ending on the right corner of the block over here. Now, kanji has a meaning definitely. It is complicated also. One character can have two three kanji characters, a combination of kanji characters and then it can be written. So, over here in the first character that we have, you will see this character you have done earlier. This means eight. If you remember, we did this character. This is hachi and now when you put this over here, it means pun. Pun means minutes. So, this character together means minutes. Now, how has it come into being? Well, hachi as I told you earlier is like this, like this, all the four fingers like this. This means to divide, to separate and with what do you separate? Well, the basic thing you separate anything with or cut anything with is the knife. So, this character has come into being with basic meaning is separate and from knife. You cut it with knife, you separate it. So, this is pun. Now, this is a four stroke character for you over here. One, two, three and four meaning pun. The next character that we have here is han. Han, one, two, three, four and five. So, basically you cut a board into two half pieces like this. This is the board, this is the board and you cut it into two. So, once again for you one, two, three, four and five. Han, han. How many strokes are there in this character please? Can someone tell? Well, we will count once again one, two, three, four and five. So, we have five strokes in this character. Now, the next one is, now we will do days of the week. You have done the days of the week, you know the word, now we are going to do, you know how to pronounce it. Now, we will do the kanji character for it. You can see on your screens over here, monitors that ski is made. You did this character if you remember this character. This is san-nichi. It is like this divided into two day and night. So, well with the moon, what happens is the moon expands and increases and decreases. Waxing and waning of the moon is there. For that, because it is open, it is not closed. Leave this space open and make ski like this, meaning moon, su-ki. Basic meaning is moon like this one, two and three and four. So, this means also month. Associated meaning is month. Basic meaning is moon. Similar to this, only it is open because of the waxing and waning of the moon. Now, the next character you can see is he. He is written over here, which means fire, which is ka-yobi as you did. So, fire is actually made like this, like this and with the flames over here, like this, somewhat like this. So, well the character for it is one, two. This character also you have done earlier, this is hito. This character is hito meaning a person and if you add flames to it, well it becomes he which is fire. So, whenever you see this character, this character then it will immediately you will understand that it is something to do with fire. Anything, anywhere where fire is required, for example a fire engine or forest fire or a burn, every time this character will be written over there. Now the next one is misu. Misu means water as you can see. Well, water flows like this. I am sure whenever you see these lines anywhere, immediately water comes to your mind. So, you turn it by 90 degrees, 1, 1, 2, 3 and 4 like this. So, this is how it is made. Turn this 90 degrees and 1, 2, 3 and 4. It is a 4 stroke character as is he. He is also a 4 stroke character, this is also a 4 stroke character. Basic meaning is misu which is water and associated meanings are lots, but for the time being we are just going to do this reading misu. Yobi is day as in getsu yobi, kai yobi, sui yobi, maku yobi. It is a difficult character, but is made out of 3 or 4 characters. Now you will see this character you have done nichi which means day. Now this character means wings of a bird and this means a bird itself, a fat bird. So, yo is a complicated character of about 18 strokes. I will do it once again, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18. In all it is an 18 stroke character where the sun goes from flies from this place to this place on the wings of a fat bird. That is how yobi has come into being and you can see once again for you. Of course, you do not have to remember the character at all. You do not have to write it down. This is a difficult character concentrate only on the simple ones at the moment. Well, now we have also ima, ima nanji desu ka? So, a character for ima, ima meaning now like this, like this simple 1, 2, 3 and 4. It is a 4 stroke character ima meaning now. These are some of the kanji's that we are doing here in class. Getsu yo-bi, sui-yo-bi, kai-yo-bi, yo and ima. Now, some words with kanji characters. First character that we did was pun, sububun. You can see his portion. These are just characters, new vocabulary for you. Just for you to remember this, we will use these words later on. Thus, you need to know them now. Jibun, the meanings are given. So, hanbun, hanbun is half of anything, half portion of something is hanbun, hantoshi is half a year or 6 months, hinichi is date and dei, ichinichi is one day, ni-san-nichi is 2-3 days. Then, some more words, ichigatsu, hitotsuki, kazan, hanabi, mizu, suie, suido. So, these are some new words for you. Whatever vocabulary we did is right here. Undokai, you can repeat after me. Undokai, bango-han, juku, kyou-shitsu, kai-gishitsu, heya, yakyu-jugyo. So, please, these are some new words, new vocabulary. Now is the tough part. You have your assignments now. You have to do those at home. Please practice with your partner. Saying gozen and gogo here as is listed. You can practice this. Then you have the calendar. You can practice on the calendar point and say, kyou wa kai-obidesu, ashta wa nai-obidesu ka or kino wa nai-obideshita ka or kyou wa yasumi desu ka, kyou wa yasumi desu. Kino wa yasumi de wa arimasen desu ta. So, you could practice past and present tense as well. You could practice all the time expressions. You could practice your days of the week and how to use them. Now, these are some pictures for you and you have to write the kanji for these characters. Kanjis are important because Japanese cannot be written only in hiragana, katakana or kanji. All three scripts are done simultaneously. So, please, we need to learn kanji as well. It is an integral part of the language and why we cannot write Japanese in one script only. Well, this is another one. Just write the readings for the kanji characters here. And now in the end, we have match group A with group B and make proper sentences. And I think we have done quite a bit for today. Lot of things we have learnt. Lot of new expressions, lot of new words, vocabulary. Also the past and the present forms we have done for verbs a little bit. So, we will end here. I will finish over here for you today. Let us meet again tomorrow. So, minasan, kore de owarimasu. Ashita mata aimashou. Arigatou gozaimasu. Thank you.