 Gywretato, and good evening. Thank you very much indeed Barry and Paul for inviting me along tonight to talk about one of my favourite subjects, which is Auckland. And although I do have plenty of favourite subjects, I'm just going to make sure I've got the right controls. Beth yn gweld. Felly, that is about a truly sustainable Tanahki Makoro, which is another aspect of reinventing the paradise. And this is what it looked at like shortly after Auckland was founded. That was September 18, 1840. This was just in the years after that. John Logan Campbell writes very brilliantly about the city he had a great vision for here. Felly, y cwestiynau ym mwy o'r gweithio ar Auckland sydd wedi'i gweithio ar hyn o'r bwysin Teneri o'r hwnnw i'r 18, 2040. A'r ym 2007, mae'r Tateb Mhwyll Gwelir yn Llywodraeth yn ei chyfnod o'r organiaeth, ond mae'r ymgyrch yn ymgyrch ymgyrch yma i ddatblygu'r ymgyrch yng Nghymru, ac mae'r gwaith o'r rai argylliannod o'r cyfle. Nad y weithio'r ddellig yn gweithio'r cyflig mae'r gwaith o'r cyfle. Dyna ddim yn gallu rhaen, nyfledd yn gwneud y byddai o'r cyfle o eich cynhyrchu ac y flyny. Ac mae'n ymddug iddyn nhw. Felly, mae'n eich cwm ddod mewn gwaith o'r byddai i chi yw weithio i ddweud. It is very crucial that cities promote social justice and greater equality. That is what social justice looks like in St Pa Lo. That is the middle-class housing in St Pa Lo. That is Los Angeles today. A few years ago, which has actually remarkably regenerated. And also in Chicago in recent years. So major cities in the world are making fantastic steps forward. Felly, mae'r gweithio'n ddiwedd yn ymweld yn cael ei wneud. Gofyn cwdeithio'n ddyw'n deall gwybod yn hyfrifio'r cyfnod i ddweud. A bobl hynny'n ymweld i ddweud. A byddai'n ymweld i'r gweithio'r gweithio i ddweud. Ymweld i'r gweithi Auqlain o'r rhoi yma yma. Ydych chi'n gweithio'r rhoi'r rhoi'r rhoi'r rhoi'r rhoi'r rhoi'r rhoi'r rhoi'r rhoi'r rhoi'r rhoi'r rhoi'r rhoi'r rhoi? Rydyn ni i ddweud rhywbeth. Rydyn ni'n gondol arwain i gweithio o'r bwysig ond mae hyn yn ddim yn gweithio, ond mae'n gweithio am fath, fel roedd yn hyn o'r gweithio gennym eich gweithio, ond mae'n gweithio yn gyda i ni i gefnogaeth arna. gee'n gweithio eich sylweddio rydyn ni. Rydyn ni'n gweithio i'r prins yw mais i'r gwahanol, a'r ysgol lle yn gweithio yn benderfyn i'r wyth arwain. Ch Gorlynyd, mae'r awg Plaid NY oedd yn gweithio'r dref, Mae'r fforddau oedrygiad a Llywodraeth yn ymwybodaeth yn ymgyrchu'r cyd-fodol. Oedrygiad yw 2040 yw 3 tonnid yn y peth yn 2040. Mae'r gyflawn gyda'r Cogynhaegyn yn yma i'r Cogynhaegyn oedd yn yma yn 2030. Dyma'r cyflawn gyda'r cyflawn gyda'r cyflawn gyda'r cyflawn. Mwroedd yma'r gweithio a'r hyn o bryd i'r hyn newid i'r rhywun gyda'r cyflawn gyda'r cyflawn gyda'r cyflawn gyda'r cyflawn. yw Vancouver, 80% reduction by 2050, Auckland's 50% and then you can see some other time frames there. So Auckland is a best in the middle of the pack on that. The three big areas of carbon emissions are stationary energy on the left and industrial process emissions. Quite a bit we could do around that, say biomass for example, and indeed industrial scale PV won't be too far away. But the big problem down there is a third of it is land transport, i.e. vehicles. This is what it looks like for households. Typically half our carbon footprint is food, 40% commuting by car. Household energy and waste don't really count in that, although the waste is important to get down to zero waste. That's the greenhouse gas footprint. But food's going to be very, very hard for Aucklanders to knock on the head as is indeed commuting by car. So there are plans or ambitions around travel down the bottom there, 30% to 40% of cars here in Auckland by 2040 would be electric. I think that would be possible but with very, very much more ambitious plans and policies than the government has at the moment, which largely consists of Simon Bridges running around the country opening rapid charges. And some of which are free from Vector. Can't be forever. On energy, also the dominant view of energy is still about a 19th century reticulated heavy industrial view of electricity. That's certainly the one the Electricity Association authority promotes in regulatory terms. Vector is one of the exceptions to that in understanding how local generation and local lines companies are part of a very important, very resilient smart grid. But again, we've got none of the right policy settings coming down from Wellington to help make that happen. So the likes of Vector is pushing hard, very hard against that. Auckland also believes that given the very substantial part of the city, which is actually forests and agriculture and regional parks, is that there is a great opportunity to add to the carbon sinks in Auckland, which would be good. But it would also be better if we also thought even more ambitiously, for example, about purging our back gardens of exotics and trying to get more of our back gardens back to natives, for example, would be a truly big push on sustainability. And then last but not least, the low carbon plan is very terrestrial, but the very important part of Auckland's sustainability issue is the hierarchy golf. We seriously abuse the hierarchy golf in all sorts of ways, from stormwater to sediment to overfishing and all the rest. An incredibly important piece of work, a very huge piece of work, is coming into fruition later on this year with the hierarchy golf marine spatial plan under the lovely name of Sea Change. And this is going to be terrifically important, but again, it won't work unless central government changes a lot of legislation to be able to make this work. So many of the things that we have an ambition to do in Auckland, we have completely the wrong central government settings for, but we're very lacking on local government engagement on this. So, you know, these are great plans within council, but when, for example, just this week, on Tuesday, Monday and Tuesday, I was chairing a transport infrastructure conference here at Auckland, and on Tuesday we had seven of the 19 mayoral candidates. We had them for about an hour and 20 minutes quizzing them on transport infrastructure. Two of the seven on the panel were climate deniers, and only one of the candidates there, David Hay, from the Green Party, had any concept. He was the only person who mentioned climate change in his opening comments. He was the only person who was putting forward any kind of policies about driving Auckland to a low carbon future. So, there is great ambition. There is a great opportunity to truly make this one of the great cities of the world. I mean, this is the most extraordinary natural setting between three harbours, because, thanks to the super city, we got part of the Kipra as well, and between, obviously, fabulous bush-clad hills out to the western of I-Tacris and down to the south-east in Hanoes, this is a remarkable, remarkable place. We are kind of hanging on by our fingertips here in terms of the very fine line between trashing and enhancing the place. The unitary plan will help in some respects, but a lot of the important drivers that would have helped do this have not come through with the unitary plan. So, there is terrific work for the new council and the new mayor to do to try to build some of that back in. But, to use a well-known phrase from a central government leader, at the end of the day, it actually comes down to us, because we are talking about truly global issues, but the only progress happens locally with individuals, with communities. So, this is actually about us wanting this to happen. And I'd say one of the most disappointing things about all this, because when I have occasions to facilitate various events about Auckland, so, for example, I, twice earlier this year, I've done large dinners with business leaders, and I've asked them people to tell me, what's their favourite place in Auckland? What's a place that they think they'd like to visit if they hadn't visited yet? And it's remarkably hard to get people to say what they love about Auckland, where are the very special places? I mean, I love standing on top of Bastion Point, for example. Or, you know, I could wax very lyrical about the city. So, I think we're still lacking a very deep engagement here, and it's partly because, although we're a human population, we are more urbanised than France or Germany or the UK or the United States. We're more urbanised than those countries. We still define ourselves as a nation and as a people by our rural and wild parts. So, my final point is, if Auckland is going, if Tamekin-Macoro is going to be truly sustainable, we've got to start defining ourselves by urban sustainability and giving a very strong Altero and New Zealand expression of that to the world in how we design, build, run and live in our cities. Thank you.