 Good afternoon everyone. I guess I am audible as well as visible to all of you. I welcome you all for the webinar on optionals, sociology optional. So it will take some moments for everyone to join. Okay, so you can tell me through your messages, all of you who are joining through Zoom, whether I'm audible to you or not, visible to you or not. Okay, so let us begin. So today we are here to decide which optional to go for. It is possible that many of you are joining the session for the first time and you probably do not have any idea about the very syllabus of UPSC, what it is all about. Let me give you a brief about it. After graduation, after graduation, most of the students look for job opportunities and it is considered as one of the best job available in India or career available in India in government services. After graduation, you can go for this examination. And to make it simple, this is the job which gives you post like IS, IPS officers. There are three steps of this examination, preliminary examination, then main examination and then finally interview. So if you complete the PT, then you can go for mains and then you go for interview. We are here to discuss optional papers, which are part of mains examination. To give you a rough view of the paper, let me show you something. Then I will come to the slides. I will be discussing each and everything through slides only, but for the time being, let me explain you something through the just a minute. Yes, as whiteboard is visible to all of you. So as I told you, this examination, which is known as IS or IPS examination is though these are not only services, there are so many services out there. So the first thing is preliminary test PT. Second one is mains and third one is interview. PT has two papers, paper one, paper two. This is your GS paper and this is known as CSAT paper. Only this is important. On the basis of this, you go to this examination that is mains and this is the bigger one. It is start with language paper, which is just qualifying in nature. So two languages, then you have ASA paper, then you have GS papers, GS, there are four GS, one, two, three, four GS papers. And then there is optional. There are two options. Sorry, two papers of the optionals, not two optionals. It is kind of a hangover of the time period when we were preparing. When I was preparing for civil services, I had two optionals. So probably that is the hangover of the same. But now, there is just one option, which is two papers. All these papers are of 250 marks, 250, 250, this is also 250, this is also 250. So now you have the idea, roughly, how important is the mains. Once you clear this, then you go for interview. I am not discussing this. We are mainly here. So in here, you can see this is of 500 marks, GS is of 1,000, roughly speaking, this is of 500 marks, GS is of 1,000 marks and ASA is of also 250 marks, 250 marks. So you cannot ignore optionals. Optionals are very important. There could be a simple question. Should I go for optional? The question is actually invalid. You have to. You have to. Otherwise, you won't go to interview. So definitely you have to opt an optional for your mains examination. Now, you can take the screenshot so that you will have a hang of things, what we are going to discuss. So in this scheme, we are going to discuss the third component that is optional. The subject which you have to choose necessarily, it is optional. It is not like you can take or not and which is of 500 marks. So it is very important that you give a special emphasis to this paper. Okay. Now, okay, somebody has asked, actually meanwhile, I will be answering to the question that you are going to ask. Somebody asked, how are you? I'm fine, I guess. And from when new batch of social g is going to start, it is already started, like two classes has taken, two, three classes have taken place. And all the recorded videos are there. You will be having your class tomorrow onwards. The timing is 230 to five. These information I will provide later before that it is necessary whether you should go for social g as an optional or not. First, let's understand it. Then we can come to that. Okay. So let's begin with the slide. It will be easier for me to explain you things through the slides. So just a minute, a moment, just a moment. It is at times tricky. How come it is not working? Just give me some time. Okay. It is really becoming tricky. Okay. No, it is not working. I don't know what it is not working. I guess this is visible. Okay. Let's start with this. I guess this slide is visible to you. It's simply asked the question. It is about which options would I choose in order to get my answer is in order to get a satisfactory answer to this question, which option that you should go for. It is necessary that you should have answered to some related questions. So before I suggest you to go for sociology as an optional, it is actually good to see how to choose an option. Which optional should you go? It is necessary. Rather than why sociology, you should choose first. So let's see what are those questions that you should have in your mind when you're trying to decide which option you should go for. So let's look at those questions which you should have in your mind. So nowhere I have written sociology. These are generic questions which all of you should have in your mind while deciding which optional you should go for. So there is no mentioning of any optional here, any subject here. Any optional that you, any subject that you think I should go for, these questions could be parameters, basis which you can decide. So the first question is, is that subject that you're going for is scoring? Means, do students secure good marks in that optional or not? Here one thing you should understand what mark should you consider as good. So out of 500, 60 percent marks is really good, especially in humanities or social sciences. So 250 plus can be considered as good marks. 200, 250 plus to 200, 300, if you can score 300 plus, if you can score this really good marks. So whether students are securing that much of marks is not is the first question. Second question is, what is the success ratio? Means, all those candidates who are appearing for the examination of them, how many of them are actually being selected? So suppose 100 students appear from a particular subject, how many of them got selected? That is success ratio. Though it is a tricky concept, but I will explain you, not right now, but when I will be answering about social issues. The thing is, has that ratio been consistent? So suppose in one year out of 110 people are selected, next year only two people are selected, next year 12 people are selected. So this is not consistent. But every year, if there are like 8, 9, 10, 11, 11, 12, 13, if it is like this, then you can say it is consistent. So in a consistent way from that optional, 8 to 10 people are being selected, 10 to 15 people are being selected, then that is a kind of consistent thing. Is it easy? That is one thing. I think you should have in your mind, this is not a paper to prove your academic excellence, I guess. This is the paper that you have to clear to get the job, to be an IS officer or IPS officer, revenue officer, forest officer or foreign services. So it is the job that you are interested in and not to prove that you are an intellectual, right? There is one thing that you should always have in your mind while preparing for civil services, that you are not on an intellectual journey, not at all. You are here to clear the examination, to solve the public, because you are interested in public services. And more importantly, this job has got a kind of repetition. It has repetition in the society. It has its own charm. That's why, okay. So for that, it is necessary that you should go for papers which are easy, right? Why to choose an optional or a subject which is very difficult? Why to go for robotics when you can manage with philosophy or say sociology or political science, anything, which is easier, I guess. It is better to go for easier one, not the tough one. So suppose you do not like mathematics that much, but you somehow came to know that there are good results from mathematics, rank one was there. So I should go for that. I don't think that is a good idea. You just need a post, right? Right? You just need one seat to be reserved for you. So make it easy. To make it easy is to go for optional, which is easy. Then the next question arises, do I need to have a background in that subject? Means you did your graduation in that subject. You studied that subject. Is that necessary? I guess the answer is no. I will show you you the reports of UPSC in due course of discussion. And you will surprise to know that roughly 62 to 65 and more than even at times more than 65% of the students are from engineering backgrounds and majority of them go for humanities or social sciences. So the background is not very important. Any subject which is easy, interesting is good. What is the length of the syllabus? Oh, one question I missed, I guess. Do I like the subject? Means, is that subject interesting? That is an important one. That is an important question. If you ask me, when I was preparing for civil services, I selected two optionals. One was sociology, another was philosophy. If you ask me, why did I choose philosophy? Because I studied mathematics. So in my third year, I read some of the theorem given by René Descartes. And then I came to know that he was a philosopher as well. Then I saw, you all have seen in your childhood, Thales theorem, then Pythagoras theorem, all these people were philosophers. So that was a natural curiosity towards this subject because of which I chose it. Probably that curiosity was not a good logic to choose an option. Whether I have interest or not is important. How to decide whether you have interest or not. Look at the syllabus and look at the questions which have been asked in the previous years. That's it. By looking at the questions, by looking at the syllabus, you can understand what is the subject matter and how many types of questions and what kind of questions are they asking. And this will give you a hint whether you are loving those questions or not. Questions actually are. And you see, that is why I have my format in question way. I have question format. That question makes you understand things more precisely than the answers. So those questions are interesting to you or not. Then what is the length of the syllabus? If it is too lengthy, you will just eat or that subject will eat time which you should otherwise be giving to the GS papers. So if it is short, if it is small, then it is good, I guess. So short, easy, all these things you should give importance to. These are practical things which I'm telling you. Then does it help in GS essay and interview? That's very good question. When you're selecting an optional, please try to see what is the overlapping of the syllabus? How much that subject or optional is helping you in your GS papers, for GS papers, in your essay, in your interview, etc. That's a very important one. Then there is a question like, are books and materials available for the entire syllabus? Books and materials are available or not? Why I have this question? Because when I had two optional, I remember in philosophy especially, for ancient philosophy, there are ample amount of books are there. But when it came to modern philosophy, especially starting from existentialism onwards, there is hardly any book. Yaakov Masri is one of the finest scholars in India from Ranchi University. So he has written books on ancient philosophy and there are so many other people as well. But modern philosophy, modern western philosophy is something that hardly any book. There is no good book. That should not happen with your optional or your subject. Then proper guideline available for the same or not. Suppose you're going for an optional and there is no guideline available. Then is that good? Probably you can say, sir, I have seen people or I have seen selected candidates who did not go to any coaching or something and they got selected. Frankly speaking, if you look at the ratio of these people who are getting selected without any coaching, very minisculous, hardly any. And I'm not sure whether they took help of someone or not. So majority of the students go for help because with help, with guide, it is very easy for you to complete the syllabus, understand the syllabus within a given time period. So suppose you talk about any optional, if you started studying on your own, which you have not started ever in your life, it may take you one year or two years to complete the entire syllabus. But if you go for coaching or something, probably that helps you to finish the syllabus within five, six months as well as get your queries answered as well. Then one important question is how many months does it need to complete? How many months does it need? So generally, it should take four to five months. Four or five months is enough. Any optional which is taking more than that, I think then it is a difficult subject probably. So four or five months is sufficient. So these questions, having these questions go for any optional that is right for you. You can wonder, or you might be thinking, why did I, and where did I get these questions from? For that, you need to understand a little bit about my background. I started teaching sociologies and optional in 2014 in Chanakya itself. And since then I have been having so many workshops for sociology optional and I used to encounter these questions. And this year itself, when I was taking this class online, I prepared all these questions on my own, remembering those things. Otherwise, I used to elicit these questions from the students themselves. I hope none of you have problem with Hindi. On the basis of those discussions, those previous interactions only, I prepared these questions. On the basis of answer of these questions, definitely you can select. Now, let's see what is the chances of sociology as an optional and how good sociology as an optional to these questions. Please take a screenshot of this question so that I can move to the next slide. And the next slide I will be answering these things to you so we can see answer to this question in terms of sociology as an optional. Yeah. Meanwhile, I did not tell you about my background. My name is Vivek Bhardwaj and I did my graduation in mathematics from University of Delhi. And I prepared for civil services in 2007 to 10, sorry, 2007 to 11. And since then you can say I have been involved with UPC, but not exactly. For four, five years, I was working with 10 years. In the development sector, I worked. And then I came back to the UPC world 2014 onwards. And since then I have been teaching. So I teach two papers, basically, sociology optional and ethics paper. That is of GS mains. Okay. I guess that you have taken this screenshot. I'm moving to answer these questions in the next slide. So the first question was whether it is this coding or not. Now these answers are for sociology. In sociology, 250 plus is easily doable. Even 300 plus is not a distant dream. Why I'm saying so. In 2014 itself, when I started teaching in the South Branch, Chanakya has three branches mainly in Delhi, not through the country. In Delhi, there is one branch in Rajendra Nagar, one is South Campus and another one is North Campus, means in Mukherjee Nagar. So there's this student of mine. In her first attempt, she secured 304. So I'm very sure that it is a scoring subject. Somebody's asking something. Somebody's asking for BTEC subject. So sociology is good or not. I'm coming to that question. And I'll be surprised to know. I won't be saying anything, but the reports from UPSC will tell you that it is one of the most popular subject in UPSC. Just let me come to that. So in sociology, you can score well. 250 plus, 300 plus. This is remarkably good marks. Then the second question was what was success ratio? What is the success ratio? UPSC in its annual report has pointed out that sociology has always given a consistent performance in terms of success ratio. And it has been between 9 to 11. So out of 100, if 100 people are appearing, 9 to 11 people are being selected every year. So it's a very consistent performance and very good performance. Now, you may say, sir, you have written an annual report. Let us see them. Let us see the report. Can you see the report? Is the folder visible to you? Is the folder visible? Okay. I'm opening the report. What does it say? Is the report visible to you? 17th annual report. Is it visible? No. Okay. Wait a second. What does it say? I'm sharing that. Is it visible now? 17th annual report. Okay. Let's see. Okay. I'm coming to you, Manvinder. I'm coming to you. Let's see first. There's something I want to make you understand. See, this is the selection of students who have taken different optionals. Here, this report says that geography was the most preferred subject among the optional subjects chosen by the candidates, followed by political science, PSIR, political science and international relations, and sociology. So this is annual report. 17th annual report prepared by civil services. Then let's see one more report. Just give me a moment. There are so many things out there. Can you see 69th annual report on your screen? Is it visible? Okay. So again, these data are there. And see, geography was the most preferred subject among the optional subject chosen by candidates, followed by sociology, and then PSIR. So one thing is clear by these two reports, that these subjects have been very popular, be it geography, be it sociology or political science. Apart from that also, there are other options like history, probate, anthropology, maths, law. These subjects are also popular. They have been there. But these three subjects have been recommended by UPS. So whenever you will see 2013 onwards, you can see all the reports you will find mentioning of sociology. So you will find sociology, geography, probate, political science, these subjects are always there. They have been very popular among the students. Okay. Now there was one more question which was related to, I'm sharing the report again. Is it visible? The report is visible? Whether it is for engineering background or not? Let's see here. As far as academic background of recommended candidates are concerned, 66.2% were from engineering, followed by 21.8% from humanities, 6.4% from science, and 5.6% from medical sciences respectively. So if you leave 20% of humanities, 80% are science background and out of that, 66.2% are from engineering background only. So it gives you a very clear answer and you'll be surprised to know this. Majority of my students every year are from engineering background only. And be sure that you're not going for the subject that you took during your engineering unless you are remarkably good. And if you are remarkably good in your subject, I just wonder what are you doing here? I mean, why don't you do something good in the field itself? Isn't it? So for engineering students also, this optional is really good, scoring, and there is very good success ratio in this optional. Okay. So let's come back to the question-answer thing that we were doing. Is it visible again? The PPT? Okay. Now there is a question whether it is easy or not, sociology. For that, it is necessary to you to understand what is sociology. I am saying it is easy and relatable, but why should you believe me? You should ask, what is sociology? So far, I did not answer what is sociology. So when you know the answer, what is sociology, then only it is going to make sense whether it is easy and relatable to you or not. For that, we can go to see the answer of this question. Did the PPT change? Can you see the change PPT? Yes. Okay. Okay, fine, fine, fine, fine. Now see, again, as I told you, questions are the best way to make you understand anything. Again, I have certain questions which will make you understand what sociology is. So look at these questions. Question number one, why religion is so important for Indians? Isn't it? For us, there is hardly anything more important than religion. Why does so? Then there is another question. Why do women go to groom's family after marriage? Did it ever happen to you to ask this question? Why do girls only go? Why don't boys, why don't men come to the bride's place? What is the answer? Then why do girls have long hair whereas boys do not? Then why do we call a girl as beautiful and handsome? Why not girls as handsome also? Why this typical adjective? Then there is a very interesting question. Why don't we just interact with anyone on the street? When you go on the street, when you go to market, when you go to a mall or a metro, there are so many people around and you just don't bump into anyone. You do not talk to anyone unless you have a walk. I'll just think about this. Why don't you just see someone and say, hello brother, how are you? Where do you live? How's your day? You do not talk to strangers. Why? Why don't you behave in that way? Why do you behave in a particular way in society when you are interacting with people? Then there is a question like why do Indians prefer joint family? Don't we prefer joint family means two families together can be considered a joint family? That is what joint families whereas in Europe, you will see they go for nuclear family, husband and wife only, not three generations. Why does so? Why the very structure of family changes with the change of the society? Another important question related to India, how come all the fastings, fasting, you understand, right? You do not have any food, especially on a particular occasion. How come all the fastings are done by wife and not by husband? Do you know any festival or any feast or any celebration in which husband is giving fast for the wife and especially you young people, young boys who are keeping Karwachar, that's not an example. You are actually imitating girls. So that is not an example. So be it Karwachar, Tej and all those festivals that you know in which women are keeping fast for their husband or their son or whatever, why does so? How come the same is not opposite? You will hardly find any example. If you come to know about it enlighten me. Then there is another question. In what way people from West Bengal are different from people from Punjab? Don't you think they're different? They speak different language. They prefer different food. One speaks Bangla, another speaks Punjabi. One loves fish, another loves chicken. One is into Rabindra Sangit, another one is into Bangla and something. They find probably West Bengal or Bengalis may find Punjabi people little loud and consider themselves classy. Why this difference? There is difference, right? Why is that difference present? Probably you may say because of culture. Then the question arises what is culture? Simply speaking, culture is the culture. Some total of the norms and values of any given society. So definitely norms and values of West Bengal are West Bengal is different from the norms and values of Punjab. Why so? Why? These questions ultimately leads to creation of a discipline which is known as sociology. If any discipline, any subject which is going to help you understand these questions get a suitable answer to these questions, definitely it is sociology. For example, if you ask why religion is so important for Indians, it is because we are not modern industrialized society where secularism has been instilled. To the extent it is there in European society. Any traditional society is religious. We are traditional society to a certain extent. So religion is very important here. Second question and third question and even the fourth question, the answer is patriarchy. Why do women go to groom's family? It is related to patriarchy because the very residential pattern in India is patri local. Because of that patri local system, you have to. There are some exceptions there. You may find exception in some of the tribes in North East. And in some part, say in Southern India, you may find some differences, but in general, this is the trend. And not the entire South India, especially in Kerala, if you talk about Tharwata system, there only you will find a difference. Otherwise, it is same. And definitely when you talk about why do girls have long hair? Boys do not. It is patriarchy. Girls have to look beautiful and long hairs are considered as beautiful thing. So this actually creates the difference of sex and gender. You're born as two lives. One is known as girl. Another one is known as boy. But the way you develop, you are being shaped by the society, the patriarchal society, especially the sexist society probably. And you develop an identity which is known as girl. And another identity which is boy. So it is all part of socialization that goes through. Now the question arises what is socializing. So these interesting questions are part of sociology. This is my point. If you move forward, then you can see these definitions. Just a moment. Let me limit it too. So these questions, if you look at these questions are related to the idea of society and how do we behave being a member of that society? They indicate our social aspect, not the psychological, but the social aspect. There's a difference between psychological and social. Psychological is intrapersonal inside the individual. Whereas social is interpersonal when you interact with others, that is your social. Sociology studies that social aspect. Thus, sociology can be seen as science of society or a systematic study of human society. It helps you to understand how human behavior is shaped by group that he or she is part of or the society that he or she is part of. How society exerts a pressure or an influence on the individual and then you behave. What are those influences? How society plays a role in that is what you study in sociology. A noted British sociologist, Anthony Giddens claims that sociology is the systematic study of human societies and where spatial emphasis is given on modern society. It is not like that. We do not study anything about the primitive or tribal society. We definitely do study about them. But the main focus is on modern society because it immerse only in modern European society because of certain features which took place in Europe such as French Revolution, Industrial Revolution, Enlightenment. The European society changed and the scholars of that time were reflecting on those changes. Why society is changing? What is the future of the society? How society would have changed? On the basis of that literature, this discipline has immersed. It is considered sociology is mainly concerned with the modern society. Now you understand what sociology is. Sociology is systematic study of society or modern society. How it influences human behavior? The way you behave, you think you behave because you feel to behave like that or you want to behave like that. But at the same time, there are so many external forces outside you which you cannot see that are coming from you on you as a member of society, coming from society on you and that is why you are behaving the way you are behaving. A systematic understanding of all those things, different institutions, organizations, importance of family, marriage, kinship, etc. are part of sociology. So now you know what sociology is. Coming back to the previous PPT of, do you need to have a background is the question. Not at all. Not at all. That is what I've written there as an answer number four. And it is one of the favorite optional or more engineers and science background students. Then there was a question whether it is interesting or not. Then I will say you can answer that on your own. See the syllabus and question that have been asked in UPC. And I gave you a hint what sociology is then definitely it makes you understand whether it is interesting or not. About the length of the syllabus, it is short and crispy. Let's see. How come the syllabus is short and crispy? Let's see. Can you see the syllabus on your screen? No? Okay, let me share it from here. Is it visible to you now? I guess yes. Okay. Look at the syllabus. This is paper number one, which has 10 topics. It is little bit short or it will be small to you on your screen. But it is actually I'm interested in making a comparison, making you see what is the syllabus. So there are 10 topics in paper number one. And there are three segments in paper number two, A, B and C, the entire C. Why I have those colors on the screen? C. What is the topic here? Topic number seven. It is politics and society. Right. Come to the second paper. What is this topic? Politics and society. Same topic. What is the second topic in the green color? Religion and society. Come here. What is this topic in green color in the second paper? Religion and society. Same topic. Look at this blue one. System of kinship. Now come here. See in the second paper also there is system of kinship in India. Now the last topic is social change in modern society. And look at the C segment. The entire C segment is about social change in India. Entire C segment. So technically speaking, when you will prepare this paper, when you will be preparing this paper, it is one and half paper. And technically speaking, first paper is the understanding of sociology. And the second paper is the application of that understanding on Indian society. In the first paper you will understand what sociology is especially from the philosopher, sociologist of the European society. And application of the same on Indian society is the second paper and the reflection in this research of the Indian sociologists. Okay. Meanwhile, let's take a question somebody's asking. Ruhani Rithwan is asking, sir, I'm an MBA student. Can I consider this? I'm confused between Pobad and sociology, which would be seated best seeing my background message. Okay. Ruhani, I will say, instead of you asking me to compare between two disciplines, I just help you see the recommendations of UPSC. So UPSC has been saying that three popular subjects are geography, sociology, PSIR. But if you go forward, you may find the mentioning of Pobad and history as well. Anthropology is becoming very popular nowadays. I will say, if you are attending my optional class, then go for the questions. Questions which are asked in Pobad and questions which are asked in sociology. You go for the question 2013 onwards. Don't go for too much. 13, 14, 15, 16, and see which question paper is making sense to you, which question paper you can relate to. Go for that optional. Okay. Somebody else is asking, Soumya Deb Bhattacharya, I guess from West Bengal. So the question is, what would be the level of sociology? Is it on the level of graduation or post graduation? Definitely, it should be on the level of graduation. But it is expected in your optional that you should have a level which is above graduation and below master's. Above graduation and below master's. That's it. So it is whole. The whole game is, if you'll ask me, Soumya, the whole game is about presentation. How are you presenting the facts? If you can present the facts related to a given question or a topic in a way which reflects your maturity and understanding of the subject, you're going to score. Or I can give it to you in written. Even if you mug up, ignore graduation of any subject that is more than sufficient. That's my understanding. I'm making things easier. I love to make things easier because I have been there, done that. So I know there are so many people who make things complicated. It is not the toughest examination. It is vast. And so it is difficult. Believe me, this is the reality. So your level of understanding in any given option should be above graduation and below master's. That you can do very easily through any coaching. Because the guide, the teacher is aware of all those questions asked, is aware of the entire syllabus. And so he or she can guess what kind of question can be asked and how you should write because he has been examining so many answers of the students who are actually selected. I hope I answered you. It should be above graduation and below master's. Okay, coming back to the slide again. So you saw the actual syllabus of sociology is only one and half. So I will do only five topics from the first paper and then I will start the second paper because six, five, six topic from the first and then the second paper because seven topic onwards it is similar. And you'll be surprised even first paper, they may ask a question which is from the second paper, which is about Indian society. So religion and society in Indian context, they can ask in the first paper also. So typically it is one and half, technically, sorry, typically, technically it is one and half paper. So answer is very simple. It is short and crispy. Somebody asks a question. Let me go to that. What is the question that you have? Okay. Ruhani is again asking the same question. The level is graduation or post graduation. I'm repeating the same. Your level in the optional should be above graduation and below master's. Your standard in your GS should be just to your higher secondary schools. That's it. For optional, it should be above graduation, below master's. You do not need to do your master's in the subject to score well. No, not at all. I'm telling you, even people who have done PhD in a particular subject do not score well because the very demand of this examination is different from the research that you do. Okay. Coming back to the next question. How does it help in other papers? Does it help in other papers or not? So let's see. Let's see that. I'm stopping to open what I want to share with you. So this is the syllabus of entire UPSC. Let's see whether sociology is going to help you in other part of the syllabus or not. So see, this is PT. This is PT preliminary test. Here, if you see in the PT, definitely sociology is not going to play a major role. But when you talk about Indian and world geography, the social component, I'm highlighting the social component, you can see. Definitely here, sociology plays a role. When you come to economic and social development, in social development, again, for example, poverty, inclusion, social sector initiative, definitely sociology is going to help you there. Then you can come to the second paper which is CSAT. Here also in interpersonal, I told you when I was explaining you the difference between psychology and sociology, one is interpersonal and the other is interpersonal. So definitely sociology helps you here. And the fourth topic also decision making there also it helps. So in PT, though you can say it does not help you significantly the way other optional do or other subjects do, but definitely it helps. I can remind you one of the question which was asked last year. A question was on social capital. Then last year probably there was a question, what is the similarity? It is a question which I discussed in my class itself. What is the similarity between Gandhi and Karl Marx? And people were puzzled, what is this question is all about? So definitely, when you have a proper understanding of sociology, you can answer those questions. If you have understanding of society, if you have understanding of those people who contributed to the well-being of society, you can answer those questions. Now this is instruction about the first one. Now CSC means this is what our main interest is essay. If you remember in the very first screen shot, I talked about these the syllabus essay. Whether in essay, sociology plays a role or not. I'm giving you two examples. You can go to check questions. You'll be surprised to know every year essay paper has two questions from sociology or social background. The essay paper of UPSC has eight questions divided into two parts. And both the parts always have some question which can be related to sociology. Let's see the example. You may wonder, can you see the question paper? No, let me show you the question paper. CSC means 2020. Look at the questions. Life is long journey between human being and being human. So you take birth as an animal and then you become a member of the society. This process is known as socialization in sociology. But this question appears to be a little philosophical. Definitely, sociology is going to help you because the whole process of socialization is what you study in sociology. So socio-philosophical, you can say this question is. Then shifts do sink because of water around them, mindful manifesto. Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication. These are highly philosophical questions or not highly then at least abstract philosophical question. Now come to the second part, culture. I told you culture is part of sociology. Culture is the sum total of norms and values. So culture is what we are, civilization is what we have. Definitely, sociology is going to help you. So this is one question paper. If you want to see another question paper, then I'm coming back to, oh yes, you can see another question paper as well. These question papers I'm showing you just to give you proof in the sense that what I'm saying is right. Right? Why should you believe me unless I'm giving you proof? So it is going to give you a faith. Wisdom finds truth. Definitely philosophical. Values are not what humanity is, but what humanity ought to be. It is philosophical, but the very idea of values are included in the idea of society. So society, how society helps in inculcating values, how it makes human being, definitely you can answer it. See the third question. Based for an individual is not necessary, best for the society. Again, a sociological understanding will help you. Means what is good for you may not be good for society. Actually it can be related to the concept of social contract, general will and all, but ultimately it is about society and why those things which could be good for individual cannot be good for society. What should be good for society? Definitely sociology is going to help you here. Courage to accept and dedication to improve are two keys to success, philosophical one. Then South Asian societies are women around the state, but around their plural cultures and plural identities. If you look at this question, this is very much a socio-political question. Then neglect of primary healthcare and education in India are reasons for its backwardness. Again, sociological. Definitely you can say that is also there in economy, but no. Education, healthcare, etc. are related to social justice and that definitely is part of sociology. Bias media. Media as a thing you have to study in sociology definitely and it is threat to democracy. PSIR can also help you get a good answer here. Look at the last question. At first it may appear to you that this question is from science, rise of artificial intelligence. The threat of jobless future or better job opportunities through re-skilling and upskilling. Means if artificial intelligence is increasing, it is a threat to jobless future. Means people will be unemployed or it is providing better job opportunities through re-skilling and upskilling. Definitely science and technology and impact on society is what this topic is and the theme topic in the first paper is about that only social change and how science and technology contributes to change in society. So now whatever I just said gives you ample amount of proof whether sociology is going to help you in essay paper or not. Let's move to the next component of syllabus. When you move forward from essay, this is your paper number one. I am highlighting something. See this is known as social issues or Indian society in the GS paper number one. This is where sociology is going to help you. Above it is history, below it is geography. Geography is generally of 100 plus marks. History is also around that same marks 80 to 100 plus and even social issues go to 70 also. So 50 to 70 marks you can say. Similarly in second paper what I am highlighting you can see this is social justice. Again here, sociology is going to help you because social if you want to see it in little bigger format then you can see the syllabus. It is about development process, welfare schemes, issues related to development and management, issue related to poverty and hunger everywhere you have the requirement of sociological understanding. So this is where sociology is going to help you. This also ranges from 50 to 70 marks. Now in economy paper, if you look at certain things which are actually related to sociology, for example, let me show you that thing, linkage between development and spread of extremism, naxalism and all that, that is related to sociology, then land reforms in India. This is typically there in the second paper, sociology, then there was one more paper, let me see that. Yes, development employment definitely it is there in economy but in sociology also you are going to discuss what is development, what is the idea of employment and all that. So even in this paper it is going to help you. Then finally in ethics integrity and aptitude, this is one reason that I help, that I teach ethics that for having good score in ethics you have to have a background or you have to have an understanding of at least four disciplines, philosophy, sociology, psychology and political science or probate. These papers definitely contribute. In first paper which is in the first topic definitely here which is about values, human values and all that, sociology is going to help you and overall an understanding of ethics comes from the society itself so sociology definitely helps. So not only sociology, here you can say these three topics are coming from psychology not in detail but definitely and then you have contribution of political science or probate as well. So now you have an understanding with proof that the sociology paper as an optional helps you score well in all the papers that you have to ultimately attack. Okay, finally now let's come to the final thing. List of book. Now the thing is what are the books that I should go, that I should refer to? Initially I will say just limit yourself to the following books which I'm going to tell which I'm going to explain and that will be more than enough and if you're coming for the classes I'm telling you even that is not required initially but buy some books which one I'm going to explain that I'm going to show you that. So this is another PPT about reference material. For paper one this is the first book that you need to have. Previously when we were students the orange one was popular the blue one was not there but then sociology the blue book came out of these to anyone you want to you can go for. I will suggest go for the saffron one the orange one if it is available if it is not then go for the blue one. Blue one is thick so read it precisely not entirely. The second book that you need is this one Ritzer. So fifth edition is what is available in the market I guess. The 10th edition is not available in the market and the price of this book is around 16, 17,000 I don't know why but don't worry being a sociologist being a student of sociologist and a teacher of sociology I guess I will help you there you'll get links where you do not need to buy things. So but you can go for the fifth edition which is available in India 10th edition is available online you get some link from somewhere or buy online link you can work on that and you can work with that version as well that's very good the online one apart from these two books whatever is necessary is there in the material so igno material so in addition to that igno materials relevant booklets only which I will suggest in the class references which I give are what I have used in preparing my own notes which I will be giving to you in the classes I will give you proper PDFs write ups through that I will only explain and after the after the explanation I will send you the same write up to you the same PDF to you I got a message let me go there and I will come back again I did not study anything about sociology if you take the sociology it will be helpful for me yeah definitely Namrata I told you I did my graduation in mathematics I am from science background if and you should know that within of two options sociology and philosophy I scored always well in sociology so if I can score well and I've been teaching this for the last six seven years and people are scoring well then definitely it's not a big question and if you follow after the class also if you missed something go through the entire video of mine and you will realize that questions which are there in sociology and what we are going to see in sociology are actually easier relatable you can relate to you have heard those words already you already know about values you know about norms you have heard of society culture civilization socialization all those terms are actually something which you're familiar with so it won't be a big deal for you somebody asking for sociology your batch pre-names listen this year only this batch is going to take place and believe me whenever you want to join you can join we are going with slow pace nowadays having only three classes on alternate day basis and all these videos are uploaded on the LMS of Chanakya means on the website it is already uploaded you can watch once you take that mission even if you miss a class you can watch that so it is not a big deal that you are going to start after your dream or not you can join the same batch and one thing that you should know that i will be taking a special backup classes for those students who join after the starting of class if you have any question from those classes which you missed definitely i'm going to have a backup class you can send your queries and i will answer so you won't have any problem but the fun fun learning should be fun that's my goal and that's why i teach this paper i love this paper in fact it has given so many answers to my questions that i fell in love with the subject and that is why i teach so what i'm teaching is what i'm loving you will also start loving this this paper because it actually gives you answer to those questions all those people out there who are viewing my video somehow you do not understand that unnecessary nagging of your mama and why when your father is around everybody becomes serious not necessarily it is applicable to all the families it may be the other way around but why it happens who are these why the behave like boss around us why they love to boss around us and why do we love that thing as well all those questions are answered or can be answered through the understanding of sociology okay so let's come to uh yeah reference material i was giving you so this is for the first paper one is herlombus second is red sir in addition to that you can go for igloo material whatever relevant booklets are necessary it is there i will be sharing with you those relevant materials of igloo so herlombus redger and igloo is more than sufficient for paper number one now come to paper number two these are the three books that i recommend not only three i will be recommending six books for the second paper the first one is m n srinivas written by m n srinivas social change in modern india second one is modernization of indian tradition by yugendra singh and third one is social problems in india by rama huja rama huja actually has written two books one is on indian society another one is social problems in india and this is the fourth edition i have intentionally downloaded the pictures of these books and made my paper so that you can take the screenshots and save it for future references apsarika screenshot lelena so these three books in addition to that these three books this is a classic book written by nadim hasnain tribal india then there is rural sociology by dosha and jan and this is indian sociological thought it is compilation of all the works of indian sociologists by bk nagala this is actually the only book available in india to understand the contribution of all the sociologists in one book so i'm going back i'm stopping it here this is about the references ruhani has asked again a question sir what will be the maximum batch size for the online class listen it is not going to be very big 40 to 50 students i guess and you will have right now you cannot unmute you because there are so many students out there so what will happen in my online class that you will get a chance to unmute you you can ask your question whatever you have and you can clear your doubt so it is not going to be a very big class like 500 600 200 no it is going to be limited to 50 50 plus students not more than that okay now the question is guide is available or not proper guideline is available or not so that's why i'm taking this optional thing and i cannot show you that yes guideline is available that you can check whether i can do justice to the paper or not or not then there could be a question there was a question actually in the question side you can take the screenshot of this as well that how many months it is going to take it is going to take four to five months to finish the paper i guess i have answered all the questions to you i have given the material and all which is necessary for you to decide your optional but in any case if you have any query then definitely you can see the information available on your screen which tells you about the centers and respective numbers where you can contact and gather required information your classes are going to be of two and half hours or two hours also it depends depends on the same in the sense if it is regular event to our class will happen will will help but definitely we are going to finish it in four five months and it is going to be an interesting journey for you what i can assure you after complete after completion whatever question have been asked in UPC so far you will be able to answer that if you go if you're going for test series you can answer those questions we will be conducting test series as well you will answer and you can you can realize whether you're writing good answer or not i will be discussing how to write good answer what to incorporate in the answer and what not so there is a question by jasmica sir what happens when offline class classes start is it going to be only yes offline class start be hojaye to koi fark nahi pan iti chalagi class right class here only online this year optional classes are going to be in online mode only so wherever you are you can study from your safe environment so class is going to be online only for optionals there is no offline class for optional this year okay so this is it from my side i guess i explained you but again i will suggest you if you have not taken screenshots of the questions see the video again take the screenshot of the questions read the annual reports of UPS if you want to and be sure about the optional focus on the optional from the social sciences though because those are the preferred social sciences i sorry preferred optionals that people go for so i will suggest you to go for those options only and on that criteria definitely sociology is the amazing optional available so definitely when i take the class if you're not getting anything in english i can reply that in Hindi how idiotic is that that i'm replying again in english but if you're mean medium is hindi all together all together if you're medium is hindi i do not take that glass hindi me many padat haun hindi wali bi class shuru ho ki haun pe koi or sir padat hain to do medium hotain english or hindi haun in dono pe thoda focus kacha all those people who do not understand english they should also try to understand hindi as well that is what the article 343 of the constitution talks about official language of india and now but it's placed in u p the is 2007 is batch officer who recently got silver in the Paralympics so definitely here english is not going to help you too much now so there should be a good balance of english and hindi but you should be sure about your medium if your medium is english join my batch if your medium is hindi then you can go for the optional batch which is going to start in hindi in your future okay that's it from my side see you all tomorrow in my main class and whatever classes have taken place i will be sorry that will be available on the lms that you can go refer to and ask questions related to that see you bye bye to all of you