 This time, I'm going to work backwards. We're going to start with some numbers in sign and magnitude format, and we'll convert them into regular decimal numbers. Our first number is 0023. So in binary, this looks like this. Our leading bit is a sign bit. And in this case, it's telling us we have a positive number. The remaining bits are telling us about the magnitude of the number. So in this case, I have 32 plus 2 plus 1 is 35. So this is positive 35 in base 10. The second number is 803a. So if I write that in binary, there's 803a. Our first bit again is a sign bit. And since it's 1, this time this is a negative number. Then I just need to know what magnitude of my number is. I have 32 plus 16 gives me 48. 48 plus 10 will give me 58. So this is negative 58 in decimal. The third number is 17, which looks like that in binary. And the leading 0 means it's a positive number. So I just need to add 16 plus 4 plus 2 plus 1, which gives me 23. Our last example is 802c. The leading 1 means that we have a negative number. And then I have 32 plus 8 gives me 40 plus 4 gives me 44. So this number is negative 44 in decimal.