 Urban climate change resilience trust fund, angel tax, central ground water authority and with respect to editorial topic is equivalence of farm loan waiver and corporate NPA. The first one, the urban climate change resilience trust fund, what is the meaning of a resilience? Resilience is nothing but it focus on ensuring the safety of people and community thereby enable the people to face the future problems. So it will focus mainly on the vulnerable sections of the society who are highly vulnerable to the climate change stress. So this urban climate change resilience trust fund has been created by this ADB, this Asia Development Bank to support this dream of this strategy of 2020. It has been established in 2013. This urban climate resilience fund who are eligible for this trust fund is India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Myanmar, Indonesia, Philippine and Vietnam. These countries are eligible to utilize this trust fund to face the people to handle the climate change stress because these Asia people are more vulnerable to the climate change and who are the fund contributors to this trust fund are this Rockefeller Foundation, Switzerland, UK and USA are the chief fund producer for this contributor to this trust fund. So with respect to the next topic is this angel tax. This angel tax is nothing but it is for the startups to start up the company they will have this idea and the skill to build a develop to end entrepreneurship but they don't have the sufficient capital to develop a business. So they go for the affluent investors who are called as the angel investor. So the tax that put on this angel investor there are only 30 percentage of a amount of tax will be put on this angel investor. That tax is called angel tax based on the two conditions this angel tax will be applied. The first one is if the amount of a few only few stakeholders has been involved in the startup then that is called as closely held company. The angel tax will be put on this closely held company that is for the startups only very few affluent individuals are investing their money. And second condition is if the premium share value for the affluent individuals has been higher than the far market value then based on these two conditions this angel tax will be applied. So what is the reason issue with respect to this angel taxes? This tax has been established that has been introduced by the Indian government in 2012. So the issue with respect to this angel taxes the first one is most of the affluent individuals are investing their money through this unlisted companies. So most of the black money has been money laundered through this unlisted companies through this angel investors. So the government wanted to cut down this angel investors to converting that black money into white money through this investing in the startups. And second issue is the tax officials are putting the tax based on the net asset value of the startup. While the startups are saying that the asset value is not the right criteria to put the tax. They said that idea value is the first thing that is the base principle of this startup. So the startups are asking the government to put the tax based on the idea value that is the potential of the idea of the company so that it can develop in the future profit. So this taxation between this net value as well as this idea value is the second controversy with respect to this angel tax. And this tax has been introduced in this through this investment income tax 2012 to curb the politicians to utilize their bribing money to invest in this angel as in angel investors in the startups. So apart from that the what is the reason used with respect to this angel taxes recently the startups has asked the government to reduce the taxation or to simplify the procedures to get the tax exemptions from this angel tax. So this tax exemptions they have recently the government has said that it is instead of going to the inter ministerial board and so many processes it has said that through this that is a department of industrial policy and promotion and through this this central board of direct taxes they can get this tax exemption for this angel tax and what are the challenges with respect to this angel taxes first one is the capital up to this 10 crore only can get this angel tax exemptions so the capital intensive startups cannot get benefited from this angel tax exemptions and second thing is it will benefit only the future investors so the past investors will not get the any tax exemptions so it is mainly benefit the future investors and third important thing is it is putting obstacle to this is startup India and stand-up India program because these programs are focusing on more and more developing the entrepreneurship while this angel tax is putting a curbing on this entrepreneurship of startups so these are the challenges with respect to this angel tax and third topic is the central ground water authority this water is the important major topic with respect to our UPSC mains and this water is the state subjects with respect to this previous of what are the declarations that has been put the water is the most important declaration is Stockholm declaration of 1972 based on that declaration only we have enacted this water act of 1974 so recent news with respect to this central ground water authority is our government has set up 31st March as a deadline for the all the industries which are utilizing the water for their processes has to get no objection certificate from this central ground water authority and with respect to the new things that has been introduced as the guidelines by the central ground water authorities first one they have introduced this water conservation fee so depending on the variability of how much the water they are utilizing what is the intensity of the water they are utilizing and how they are polluting the environment based on that this water conservation fee will be put on each and every industries and second thing is this guidelines given by the central ground water authorities to encourage to use their recycled and retreated sewage water by the industries so that will give as an incentives for this industries if they properly utilize this resavage a recycled sewage water and third important thing is they have said this mandatory water audit utilizing this digital water level recorder so mandatory water audit is a highly important thing that our industries has to follow and last important thing is this Mikesha committee has been appointed that has analyzed how to restructure this central water commission as well as central ground water authority because in our country we have separated this water utilization into two categories one is surface water and another one is ground water even though both are an integrated one we have separated into two things and there was lack of coordination between these two bodies so this central water commission will look after this surface run water and the central ground water authority will look after this ground water so the cleavage between the surface water and the ground water makes the exploitation of a ground water at a large level so this Mikesha committee has recommended to create a national water commission that has been put out the united this both the central water commission as well as the central ground water authority and what are the future challenges that India has to face to with respect to this water is the recent the report has said that there was a severe decline in this per capita water availability in India that has reduced from two thousand two not nine meters cube in nineteen ninety one to thousand five hundred forty five meter cube in 2011 that shows that severe decline in this per capita water availability that shows how Indian people are vulnerable to this water challenges and second thing is we have many programs like Namami Ganga program and river rejuvenation program but the budget allocation was year by year it is increasing but the what is the output that coming is it is not up to the mark level so we have to judiciously utilize this budget allocation for this river Ganga river rejuvenation and many other important major reverse rejuvenation and apart from this this kind of water quality is based on this quality based approach rather than the quality based approach so the schemes are based on this quality based one so the output has to be at least time bound manner then only it can easily measure how the quality of the water has been improved so we have to stick to this time bound manner to produce the quality output and apart from that we need to have enact a river basin act because the water base has to be based on this river basin the drainage basin has to be the watershed basin has to be the ultimate groundwater level to protect it so we have to create a river basin act to protect our river basin and apart from that we have to create a real-time basis of national water information system because how much water level we are utilizing how much is this groundwater level are depleting we need to have a real-time basis of national water information system because all the data are outdated one it takes almost a decade to have a what is the current scenario so we need to have a real-time basis of national water level information system using the softwares like GIS that is geographical information system and remote sensing data so by utilizing properly this GIS and remote sensing we can develop a decision making of national water information system and apart from that we need to have enact a dam safety act because the recent issue of Kerala flood shows how much we are lagging in the dam safety so we have along with this world bank we have this dam rehabilitation and improvement project we need to extend this project to each and every dams even the major dams and the minor dams so that the safety of the people will be at most priority and apart from this we need to establish a national bureau of water use efficiency because the water use efficiency is one of the ultimate criteria that India is lagging because we have plenty of water but how we are utilizing is this ultimate need so we need to create a national bureau of water use efficiency so it will handle how each and every industries are properly utilizing the water resources and apart from this the major drawback with respect to India is we have lack of this domain specialist in this central groundwater board because most of the central groundwater board will have more civil engineers rather than hydrology engineers so we are lacking more and more domain specialists so we need to create more and more education courses for this handling this dam safety river basin and this hydrology specialty so that they only can foresee how the future water scarcity will be going to how we have to handle this because rather than having a generalist of a civil engineers we need to have more and more hydrologist engineers so that they will handle this future problems of Indian people who are going to face this water and the last main topic with respect to mains is this equivalents of form loan waiver and corporate NPA the reason used with respect to this is a recent former has been tried to escape from India to who cannot pay this his loan of 5 lakh rupees so that put out that whether so many NPAs are created by corporate countries are leaving at the lax of crores so a 5 lakh rupee former has to try to escape from the country and he has been put on by the police so what is this this this form loan waiving and this corporate NPA are both are equal how they have differences and how they have the similarities we will see it the first one is what is this form loan waiver form loan waivers is nothing but a sector specific one that is it is focusing particularly on the agriculture sector and it is putting off this loan mandated by the government with utilizing this national treasury to compensate the loans that has been given by the banks to the farmers so that is this form loan waiver while this corporate NPA is nothing but it is the part of the business failure so this will trigger this bankruptcy process and this bankruptcy process while in this form loan waiver we have the government has the high liability while this in this corporate NPA the government don't have direct liability but if there was a huge scale of a bankruptcy process has happened or if moral no PSBs that is public sector banks has involved in this corporate NPAs then the indirect liability of the government will be included into it so when the government liability started to include it into this corporate NPA then this form loan waiver and corporate NPA is nothing but is both are contaminating this national treasury of our government so this bankruptcy process is nothing but it is cleansing this bank balance sheet but it is really cleansing the bank balance sheets or it is depleting this national treasury that is the biggest question mark in in front of us so because this form loan waiver and this corporate NPA both are this clashes between whether we are focusing on manufacturing our server sector or we are focusing on the primary sector because this form loan waiving are mostly put down by this government during this election period as a vote bank politics while this corporate NPA are happening year the round and this happening on repeatedly again and again so what is this this relevance between these two or whether this both are the same one and the same the first thing is this effective we have to effectively function this bankruptcy law because if we put down this bankruptcy law properly then it will generate new cycles of a credit because by liquidating the business failure company the resources can be replaced for other sectors so that the one wastage of resources can be utilized by other sectors so we need to have proper functioning of this bankruptcy law while with respect to this form loan waiving we need to have this form loan waiving will make a impediment in this credit flow because if a government started to waive this form loan then the more and more farmers will that usually the big farmers will started to gain more and more loans from the banks and they will wait for the election period and when the election period comes they will the government will announce a form loan then they are going to put off that form loan so this is nothing but it is not encouraging the banks to give more credit to the farmers rather than it is discouraging the bank to give credit to the farmers so this formal waiving is nothing but it is the impediment in the flow of credit while this bankruptcy laws by liquidating the companies it will make the reassure that the recovery amount will be utilized for other property for proper usage of business and third important thing is when this equivalence that is this form loan waiving and this bankruptcy law is both are one and the same that is the government will have liability both in this bankruptcy NPA as well as in this form loan waiving is when the state indirectly bear the burden of corporate NPA that is the government started to induce this fund into this bank through this bank recapitalization so there the government is taking the responsibility of the bank flow so that condition when arises then this corporate NPA started to have more and more crushing on this consultative fund of India then arises this equivalence between this form loan waiving as well as this corporate NPA and this bank started to lend to the same sector again and again like power sector infrastructure sector coal sector again and again and that is going to have much more on crunch on this bank balance sheets and thereby government is going to come into this play and they started to give loans or some other funding to the banks and thereby liquidating this companies so this is nothing but it is making a government tax money to go into the banks so it is nothing but leaving the bank form loan and this corporate NPA is both are one and the same and the recent scenario with respect to the form loans is there was huge increase in this large loans in the agriculture sector especially at the period of a March month that is a March rush that shows this the amount that has been utilized this is form loan is not properly utilizes for this agriculture purpose rather than it was utilized for the other purpose because at the March period it will be harvesting one day there was no sowing period but most of our the bank loans for this agriculture sector is putting on this March period only that is February March period only there was a huge rush for this loans weaving so this there was a huge increase in this large loans in the agriculture since 1990 and another with respect to comparing this corporate NPA is the top 12 corporate companies in India opposed for 25 percentage of NPA and the four companies the recently we have resolved that will lead to have only 52 percentage of recovery that is 48 percentage of the loan amount that we have given to that four companies has been put into a loss and this interest rate of the corporate loans is very low that shows this form loan is very higher amount while this corporate loans are giving at a very low amount and the recovery is also very low that shows this corporate NPAs are burdening the bank sheets more than this form loan weaving and apart from this the OECD that Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development has said that this average revenue lost by this Indian farmers from between the 2014 and 2016 due to this export restriction is 1.65 trillion rupees that shows the more farmers how the farmers are grid stressed that stress is started to lead to this need for this bank form loan weaving so we need to focus on how the farmers can generate more revenue so we have to focus on what are the stresses that the farmers has been facing the first and foremost stress is this export restriction each and every time when government started to put export restriction the farmers will be at the stake with a risk of how to invest in this future that is what commodity they wanted to cultivate in the next having a sowing season so that is the this export export restriction makes the farmers to be at a peril and next important thing is this price of agriculture price so government started to handle this agriculture product price to handle it in the low values they started to give subsidies but most of the subsidies are going to the middlemen only not the farmers is going to reach the full amount of benefits of the subsidy so in order to contain this low price of agriculture product to benefit the consumers as well as to benefit the farmers we have to eliminate the government has to eliminate the role of middlemen in the agriculture so more and more technology has to be introduced so like eNorm that is national agriculture market through the online and so much of APMCs has to be made into online thereby we can make the elimination of this middlemen and third important thing is this farming northern report of 2006 has said that India's food security cannot achieve through this import of food products so we have to develop own generation of this our food culture that is this we have to generate our own needs food products because if you started to import pulses then it will threaten the food security of India so our country has more and more of agriculture land and more people are involving agriculture so what are the food needs of the Indian people has to be satisfied by the Indian agriculture farmers so that by only we can satisfy the food security of India and apart from this the farmers are lose their periodical their personal assets if they fall into a defaulting while this corporate NPAs business people are not losing their personal assets that much easily like the farmers that shows there was a difference between this handling this farmers loan weaving as well as this corporate NPAs with that we will end up today's current question thank you have a nice day comment and share on this channel