 Welcome to the Hindu news analysis by Shankar Ayes Academy. These are the news articles chosen for today's discussion. They are given along with the page number of different traditions. Link for the handwritten notes in PDF format and the time stamping for the discussed articles are given in the description box as well as the comment section for the benefit of the mobile viewers. Now let us take up this image. See, before discussing this image, I want to give some tips regarding problems. We have approximately 98 days for problems. So we are entering the crucial phase of preparation. So during this crucial phase, I want to give you some tips which will better your preparation. These tips may be simple, but they are effective. The first important point, revision. See, the last three months before problems should be allotted for revision. Revise a lot. We are studying a lot of information. So in order to retain those information, revision plays a key role. The formula for success is 50% preparation, 50% revision. But many aspirants ignore revision. That is the reason why they are not able to clear problems. So revise a lot, revise a lot. It will help in retention and it will help in recalling of information. So whenever you can find time, keep on revising. Next important tip is practicing lot of problems questions. See, we are studying huge volume of information, but we are not sure how to apply this information. Only through practice of problems questions, we will know how to apply this information according to civil services exam. So to practice, we can improve our guesses, we can better apply our knowledge and it will boost our score. In addition to that, practicing lot of problems questions will better your illumination technique. It will boost your score, trust me. So whenever you can find time, practice questions. Past problems question paper will be the best source to practice problems questions. So the first important tip is revision. Second one is practicing questions. And the third most important tip is management of stress. Aspirants have to find a way to manage the stress. Otherwise, recollection of information will be a tough job. So management of stress is important for recollecting information. How can we manage stress? Have a proper sleep schedule. That will regulate your hormones. It will manage stress. Have proper nutrition. Have some recreational activity will help you to manage stress. And trust me, management of stress is very important to boost your score. With stress, recollection of information gets affected. So sometimes we will make lot of silly mistakes. So manage your stress. Revision, practicing problems question, management of stress. These three important points will help you to better your preparations. Now with this knowledge in mind, now let us move on to the picture discussion. Now look at the image. This image is a depiction of rabad tribal women catching fish from paddy fields or rice fields. See during monsoon, rice fields of asams are usually flooded. And from this flooded fields, fishes are caught by rabad tribal women. This is what depicted in this picture. So in this context, let us learn about paddy fishing or fishing in paddy field. Let us also learn about rabad tribe very briefly. First let us see about paddy field fishing. See paddy fishing is also called as rice fish system. What is paddy fishing? See paddy fishing is an integrated rice field or it is a combination of a rice field and a pond complex. It acts both as a rice field as well as a pond. In the system, fishes are grown concurrently with the rice cultivation. Sometimes it is also grown alternately with the rice cultivation. Both kinds of cultivations are same. Fishes grown alternately with rice. How these fishes enter these paddy fields? Sometimes these fishes are deliberately introduced into the paddy fields or they enter naturally through the surrounding waters when flooding occurs. To put it in simple words, we may deliberately enter the fishes into the paddy field or the fishes may enter naturally through the flooding process or it can be a combination of both. So this is the information regarding rice fish system or paddy fish system. See the beauty of rice fish system is it allows the production of fish and other aquatic animals from the same rice field area without causing reduction in rice yield. So it gives the same rice yield along with production of fishes. This is a great advantage. Now let us discuss the advantages of the system. First important advantage. See paddy fishing allows fuller utilization of available resource. Next important advantage. Paddy fishing can serve as an off season occupation for farmers. See in India crops are grown seasonally. So this paddy fishing can act as an off season occupation for the farmers. Third important advantage. The fishes in the paddy fishing act as an excellent agent for integrated pest management, IPM. So paddy fishing will reduce the need to use chemical pesticides. These fishes will act as excellent pest managers. There is no need of chemical pesticides. Fourth important advantage. See the introduction of fishes in paddy fishing increases soil productivity which will boost the production of paddy. This will also lead to soil rejuvenation. This is the fourth important advantage of paddy fishing. Above all the final important advantages. It will boost productivity and income from a unit area. So it will play a key role in doubling farmers income. So these are the advantages of paddy fishing. See paddy fishing can be used as value addition in your mains answer. Sometimes you can expect direct prelims question. Otherwise you can use it as a value addition in your mains answer when the question is about farmer issues, when the question is about farmers income. You can use the concept of paddy fishing as value addition. So far we have discussed about paddy fishing cultivation. Now let us see about Raba Tribes. See Raba Tribes is one of the scheduled Tribes of India. They are found in Assam and West Bengal. Raba Tribes live in small isolated groups. These small isolated groups are called as Raba Basti. So these are the basic points regarding Raba Tribes. See according to Indian Journal of Medical Science, HBE a emo-globin variant is found in eye incidents among Raba Tribes. If you are from anthropology option you can make use of this point. So with this we have come to the end of the discussion. In this discussion we saw about paddy fishing, advantages of paddy fishing and we saw about Raba Tribes in brief. Now let us move on to the next article. Now look at this article. This article is about a plane crash in Philippines. In this context let us learn about the geography of Philippines. See Philippines is one of the world's largest archipelago nations. It is located in the southeast Asia, in the western Pacific Ocean. The islands of Philippines are classified into three main geographical areas. The first one is Luzon, second one is Visayas and third one is Mindano. Philippines has more than 7000 islands. The two largest islands are Luzon and Mindano. They make up two-thirds of the total land area. Out of these 7000 islands only one-third of the islands are inhabited. Also it is important to note that Philippines is located near ring of fire. So volcanoes are important part of Philippines. It has more than 50 volcanoes and out of these 50 volcanoes only 10 are known to be active. So these are the important points regarding the geography of Philippines. When you are talking about the climate of Philippines it is mostly tropical and monsoonal in type. As you can see in the map Philippines is surrounded by South China Sea to its west and Pacific Ocean to the east. And we all know that South China Sea is one of the world's contentious geographical spaces. So it is important that we learn about South China Sea. Let us discuss about it. Now look at this map of South China Sea for better understanding. As we can see from the map South China Sea is an arm of, to be specific it is an arm of western Pacific Ocean. This is an important point. The South China Sea is bounded on the northeast by the Taiwan state. This Taiwan state is connected to the east China sea. So South China Sea is connected to the east China sea through Taiwan state. This is another important point. See when we are talking about South China Sea it is bounded by Philippines in the east. We can observe this in the map. South China Sea is bounded on the southeast and south by the coast of Malay Peninsula. And to the west and north of the South China Sea lies the Asian mainland. So these are the important bodies surrounding South China Sea. As I have already discussed South China Sea is connected to the east China sea through Taiwan state. The South China Sea along with east China Sea is called as China Sea. This is another important point. See when we are discussing about South China Sea it is important that we discuss about the contested islands in this region. Parcel Islands, Spratly Islands and Scarborough shore. These are the name of the islands which are located in South China Sea. These islands are contested among various nations. Another important feature of South China Sea is the Nine Dash Line. The Nine Dash Line is highlighted in red in the map. See the Nine Dash Line is located in the South China Sea. What is the Nine Dash Line? See Nine Dash Line is nothing but China's claim in South China Sea. According to the China the enclosed space within the Nine Dash Line belongs to China. This enclosed space is rich in oil resources. So China through the Nine Dash Line is claiming this space. So these are the important points regarding South China Sea. So with this we have come to the end of the discussion. In this discussion we saw about the geography of Philippines. We discussed about the climate of Philippines. We discussed about the volcanoes of Philippines. And we also discussed about the South China Sea. With this we have come to the end of this discussion. Now let us move on to the next article. Now look at this article. This article is from Sports column. It is about the Olympic torch relay. So in this context let us see some important facts about Olympics. Let us also learn about Olympic torch ceremony. First what is Olympics? See we all know that Olympic Games is an international sports. It is an international sports festival to be precise. The Olympic Games are held once in every four years. And when we are talking about Olympics both summer games and winter games are held separately. So these are the important points regarding Olympic Games. When we are talking about the history of Olympics it can be traced back to 2300 years. However the first modern Olympic Games were held in 1896. It was held at Athens Greece. So this is the first official year of modern Olympic Games. See when we are talking about Olympics it is important that we learn about International Olympic Committee. What is International Olympic Committee? See International Olympic Committee is the supreme authority of the Olympic movement. So it is the highest authority when it comes to Olympic Games. It has the responsibility of hosting the Games. And when we are talking about hosting responsibility it is usually given to a city, not a country. This is a very important point when it comes to Olympics. The hosting responsibility of Olympics is given to a city, not a country. For example it is called Tokyo Olympics, not Japan Olympics. This is the key point. So these are the points regarding Olympics. Now let us discuss about Olympic torch relay. What is Olympic torch relay? See Olympic torch relay is a modern invention inspired by practices from ancient Greece. What is the function of Olympic torch relay? The Olympic torch relay highlights the start of the Olympic Games. It also transmits the message of peace and friendship along its route. This is the main function of Olympic torch relay. The Olympic torch was first used at 1936 Berlin Summer Olympics. This is an important point. It was not used in 1896. It was first time used in 1936. And since then it continues to be practiced till date. See the modern torches of the summer and winter Olympics are built in such a way to resist the effects of wind and rain as they carry the Olympic fling. And these torches are designed with unique descents that represents the host country and the spirit of the Games. So these are the important points regarding Olympic torch relay. So this is the end of the discussion. In this discussion we saw about Olympic Games and we saw about Olympic torch relay. Now let us move on to the next article. Now look at this article. See according to this article two time MLA in Uttarakhand Mr Pushkar Singh Dhami was appointed as the 11th Chief Minister of Uttarakhand. Now in this context let us discuss about the office of Chief Minister. See polity is an important topic for problems. Last year 2020 around 20 questions were asked from polity. It is an highly rewarding area. So with this knowledge in mind let us discuss the office of Chief Minister. See in a parliamentary system of government the governor is the head of the state while the Chief Minister is the head of the government. So the position of Chief Minister is very powerful. Now let us see about the appointment of Chief Minister. When it comes to the appointment of Chief Minister the constitution of India does not contain any specific procedure. This is very important point. See article 164 of the constitution only says that Chief Minister shall be appointed by the governor. However this does not imply that governor is free to appoint anyone. He has to follow the conventions of Parliamentary system of government. So in accordance with the convention the governor has to appoint the leader of the majority party in the state legislative assembly as the Chief Minister. This is the convention. But when no party has a clear majority in the assembly election then the governor may exercise his personal discretion in the appointment of Chief Minister. In this case the governor usually appoints the leader of the largest party or coalition in the assembly as the Chief Minister. So these are the conventions followed by the governor while appointment of Chief Minister. And it is also important to note that governor may first appoint a person as the Chief Minister and then ask the person to prove majority in the legislative assembly within a reasonable period. This is another important point. Also a person who is not a member of the state legislature can be appointed as Chief Minister for 6 months. In the meantime, he or she should be elected to the state legislature if not the person ceases to be the Chief Minister. So these are the important points regarding the appointment of Chief Minister. Now coming to the tenure of the Chief Minister. See theoretically the Chief Minister holds office during the pleasure of the governor. However in actual practice the Chief Minister remains in office as long as he or she continues to be the leader of the majority in state legislative assembly. The governor can dismiss the Chief Minister in case he or she loses the majority support. The state legislative assembly can also remove the Chief Minister by passing a vote of no confidence. So these are the important points regarding the tenure of Chief Minister. With this we have come to the end of the discussion and this discussion we saw about the Chief Minister's office. Now let us move on to the next discussion. Now look at this editorial. This editorial is regarding the proposed model for Integrated Theatre Command. This topic has been in news recently. It has created a lot of controversy. According to various news sources, the army and the navy have agreed to this proposal. Whereas the air force has not agreed to this proposal. It has certain reservations regarding the Integrated Theatre Command. To be specific the proposed model for Integrated Theatre Command. This editorial is a discussion on that. Let us learn about it. The syllabus for reference is displayed on the screen as one can go through it. See before discussing this editorial first let us see about Integrated Theatre Command. What is Integrated Theatre Command? To put it in simple words Integrated Theatre Command is a unified command. It is a unified command under which all the resources of army, navy and air force are put together. To put it in simple words it is an area in which all the three forces of defences work together. This is a simple explanation for Integrated Theatre Command. So currently a model has been proposed regarding Integrated Theatre Command. What is the model? See according to the proposed model there will be four to five Integrated Tri Services Theatre Command in India. These commands will be added by a three star officer. This is the proposal under consideration. And as we have already discussed the army and navy have agreed to this proposal. Whereas Indian Air Force is opposing this proposal. Now let us see why Indian Air Force is opposing such a proposal. What are the reasons behind its opposition? The first main reason. See the Indian Air Force feels that the air power is being seen as a supplement force or secondary force to army and navy. This is the main reason why Indian Air Force has objected the current proposal of Integrated Theatre Command. It feels that it is being secondary to other forces like army and navy. So Indian Air Force wants a model of Integrated Theatre Command where it will be treated as equal. Another reason for the objection is the Air Force is worried that four to five Integrated Theatre Command will divide the Air Force into small units. This will seriously degrade the effectiveness of air operations. So this is another reason why IFS is opposing such a proposal. The first reason is IFS is seen as a supplement or secondary force. The second reason is IFS will be divided into small units. So these are the two reasons why Indian Air Force is opposing such a proposal. How can we overcome this opposition? See the author of the editorial gives few suggestions to overcome this opposition. Let us see it one by one. What are the suggestions given by the author of the editorial for effective implementation of Integrated Theatre Command? The first suggestion. Proper national security strategy. See India got independence in 1947. It has been over seven decades. Even after seven decades, India still does not have a clearly articulated national security strategy. A proper national security strategy will ensure coordinated operations among the defence forces. It will also increase communications among the defence forces. Increased coordination and communication will build the trust of Indian Air Force. This will lead to proper implementation of Integrated Theatre Command. So this is the first suggestion given by the author. Clearly articulated national security strategy. Such a strategy will reduce the duplication of efforts. It will decrease wasting of resources. So it is essential for effective implementation of Integrated Theatre Command. See according to the author of the editorial, framing a national security strategy will build trust among various defence forces. This is essential for effective implementation of Integrated Theatre Command. Second suggestion given by the author is the requirement of effective communication and sharing of information. The author of the editorial stresses this point by citing an example. See during the 1999 Kargil war, Indian Army did not communicate full information to the Indian Air Force. This led to a lot of problems. This also made Indian Air Force left alone while carrying out military operations. This incident also led to lack of trust in Indian Air Force. So by having a proper requirement of effective communication and sharing of information, this hurdle can be overcome. It will ensure proper communication among the defence forces. It will increase the trust among the defence forces. This will lead to effective implementation of Integrated Theatre Command. So these are the suggestions given by the author for effective implementation of Integrated Theatre Command. First suggestion is national security strategy. Second suggestion is requirement of effective communication and sharing of information. With this we have come to the end of this discussion. In this discussion we saw about Integrated Theatre Command, why Indian Air Force is opposing the proposed model for Integrated Theatre Command and what are suggestions which can overcome such objections and lead to effective implementation of Integrated Theatre Command. Now let us move on to the next article. Now let us take up this article. This article is regarding Nippan Bharat, N-I-P-U-N Bharat. See the abbreviation Nippan stands for National Initiative for Proficiency in Reading with Understanding and Numeracy. So this is the expansion of Nippan. Now let us discuss about Nippan Bharat in detail. See Nippan Bharat was launched by Department of School Education and Literacy. This department is under Ministry of Education. See Nippan Bharat was launched by the department for successful implementation of National Education Policy 2020. What is the vision of Nippan Bharat? See the vision of Nippan Bharat is to create an enabling environment which ensures that every child achieves that desired learning competencies in reading, writing and numeracy by the end of grade 3. This has to be achieved by 2026 to 2027. This is the vision of Nippan Bharat mission. To put it in simple words, Nippan Bharat mission aims to achieve the basic skill of reading, writing, numeracy by the end of third standard. This is the simple explanation for Nippan Bharat mission. See the Nippan Bharat mission will come under the central e-sports scheme Samagaraseeksha. Nippan Bharat mission has 5 tire implementation mechanism. This 5 tire implementation mechanism will be set up at national level, state level, district level, block level and school level in all states and union territories. This is important point. Nippan Bharat mission is likely to emphasize goal setting and accountability for state governments. It will also provide guidelines for teacher training, management and creation of printed resources. See, we have already discussed that Nippan Bharat mission is an important part of national education policy 2020. See, according to national education policy 2020, we should achieve universal foundational literacy and numeracy in primary school by 2025. This was the initial goal. But now, this target has been pushed to 2026 to 2027. This is due to academic disruption caused by COVID-19. So, these are the important points discussed in the article. We can expect Nippan Bharat mission question in upcoming prudence. So, make sure you have basic understanding about this mission. With this, we have come to the end of the discussion. In this discussion, we saw about Nippan Bharat mission, its department and ministry, its vision and its functions and features. Now, let us move on to the next discussion. Now, let us take up this editorial. See, recently, the Ministry of Commerce and Industry revealed its achievements for the period April to June of 2021 to 2022. April to June is the first quarter of a financial year. So, the Ministry has revealed its achievements for the first quarter of this financial year. This editorial is an analysis on those achievements. Let us learn about it. The syllabus for reference is displayed on the screen. Aspirants can go through it. See, according to the Ministry, the merchandise export during this period was 95 billion US dollars. This is the major achievement highlighted by the Ministry. According to the author of the editorial, 95 billion US dollars in terms of merchandise export is not a small feat. It is a huge achievement. It is a phenomenal growth of exports and this phenomenal growth in export was not achieved easily. See, during the first quarter of this financial year, we experienced a lot of hurdles. For example, during this quarter, the second way of the Covid pandemic, it did speak. So, in order to control the infection spread, we imposed lockdowns across various regions in India. These lockdowns should have affected our exports. But it was not the case. This is because we took some proactive steps to increase exports from India. For example, we took sector-specific interventions. We involved all the stakeholders. We improved the functioning of the government. We simplified a lot of procedures. We improved a lot of timelines and licenses. So, these proactive steps helped us to increase export during this period. In addition to all these factors, there is also another major reason why exported increased during this period. See, in the world scenario, the vaccination coverage is on the rise. And because of the increased vaccination coverage, many crucial economies are recovering. For example, European Union and United States of America are recovering because of rising exports. These economic recoveries also boosted our trade. All these factors helped India to achieve the magic number of 95 billion US dollars during this period in terms of merchandise export. This is highlighted by the article. See this phenomenal growth in export is better than other developed economies. For example, India did better than European Union. India did better than Japan, USA, Korea and United Kingdom during this period in terms of exports. So, when it comes to exports, we are doing better than some of the major economies of the world. We also received a lot of FDI during this period. The FDI number for the first quarter of financial year 2021 was 81.72 billion US dollars. This number is better than other major economies of the world. So, it may seem that we are doing better than other major economies of the world. But that is not the case. See, the present increase in export is due to the reopening of major economies. That was a major factor. So, this will not be the case forever. See, India set an ambitious target of 400 billion US dollars merchandise export in 2021 to 2022. This is a huge target. So, in order to achieve this huge target, according to the author of the editorial, we have to restore health of every constituent sector. We should not rely on short term factors. Instead of all those things, we should restore the health of every constituent sectors of India. Only by restoring each and every sector in India, we can achieve this ambitious target of 400 billion US dollars. This is highlighted by the editorial. The authors test this point by highlighting some examples. For example, let us take the sectors of readymade garments, leather, leather products and tea. The export from these sectors declined during the first quarter of this financial year. See, in spite of increase in exports during the first quarter of financial year, these sectors saw decline in exports. This shows that we have deep structural problem in our economy. So, only by resolving these deeper structural problems, we can achieve the ambitious target of 400 billion US dollars. So, these are the points highlighted by the editorial. We have come to the end of this discussion. In this discussion, we saw about the achievements of the last quarter of 2021. We saw the reasons behind it. We also discussed about the ambitious target of India when it comes to exports and how we can achieve it. Now, let us move on to the next discussion. Now, let us take up this article. See, the news mentioned in this article is not important, but this article mentions about National Green Tribunal. So, in this context, let us discuss about National Green Tribunal from Prillin's perspective. See, the National Green Tribunal or NGT has been established under the National Green Tribunal in 2010. What is the purpose of NGT? See, the purpose of NGT is for effective and speedy disposal of cases relating to environmental protection and conservation of forest and other natural resources. This is the main purpose of NGT. In addition to that, NGT also deals with matters relating to enforcement of any legal right relating to the environment. The tribunal also gives relief and compensation for damages to persons and property. So, these are the main purpose and objectives of NGT. Now, let us see about its composition. See, currently, the sanction strength of NGT is 10 expert members and 10 judicial members. The NGT Act allows a maximum of 20 members in each category. So, the total strength of NGT can be 40, but currently, it has only 20 members, 10 expert members and 10 judicial members. See, the chairman of the NGT is the administrative head of the tribunal. He also serves as a judicial member of NGT. What is the eligibility condition for the office of chairman of NGT? See, the chairman of NGT should be serving or retired chief justice of I-Court or judge of Supreme Court of India. Let me repeat. The chairman of NGT should be a serving or retired chief justice of I-Court or a judge of the Supreme Court of India. So, this is the eligibility condition for the office of chairman of NGT. See, the members of NGT are chosen by a selection committee. This selection committee reviews their application and conducts interviews. The selection committee is added by a sitting judge of the Supreme Court of India. So, these are the important points regarding the composition of NGT. With this information in mind, now let us see some important facts regarding NGT. The first important fact. See, the National Green Tribunal is not bound by the procedure laid by the Code of Civil Procedure 1908. This is the first important point. It is not bound by the Code of Civil Procedure. Instead, it is guided by principles of natural justice. See, this point is very important. Usually, many people make mistakes in this point. The National Green Tribunal is guided by the principles of natural justice. It is not bound by the Code of Civil Procedure 1908. Next important point. The Tribunal is mandated to dispose application or appeal within 6 months of filing. This ensures PD disposal of cases. So, any application or appeal, the Tribunal must dispose it within 6 months. This is the second important point. The third important fact. See, the Tribunal's dedicated jurisdiction in environmental matters provides PD environmental justice, which has reduced the burden of litigation in iCoups. This is the third important fact. See, previously there were a lot of environmental litigation in iCoups. Now, the Tribunal has dedicated jurisdiction in environmental matters. So, it has taken a lot of burden of iCoups. So, these are the important facts regarding National Green Tribunal. With this, we have come to the end of the discussion. In this discussion, we saw about National Green Tribunal, the purpose of National Green Tribunal, the objectives of National Green Tribunal, the composition of National Green Tribunal and some important facts regarding National Green Tribunal. Now, let us move on to the next discussion. See, the next article is regarding HIV. We have discussed about HIV in detail in our June 29th Indian news analysis. Interested aspirants can go through that video. Now, let us move on to the next article. See, the next article is regarding UAV or drones. Again, we have discussed about drones in detail in our June 17th video. Interested aspirants can go through June 17th daily news analysis for better understanding. Now, let us move on to practice film's question. First question concerns the following statements. First statement, Constitution does not contain any specific procedure for the appointment of Chief Minister. Second statement, Chief Minister should be a member of the legislature at the time of appointment. Which of the above statements are correct? A, 1 only. B, 2 only. C, both 1 and 2. D, neither one nor 2. See, the first statement is correct. The Constitution does not contain any specific procedure for the appointment of Chief Minister. It simply says Governor will appointment the Chief Minister. So, first statement is correct. Moving to the second statement. See, second statement is incorrect. See, a person who is not a member of the state legislature can be appointed as Chief Minister for 6 months. Within the 6 months, the Chief Minister should be elected to the state legislature. Otherwise, he or she ceases to be the Chief Minister. So, second statement is incorrect. Chief Minister shall not be a member of legislature during his or her appointment. So, first statement is correct. Second statement is incorrect. The answer is A, 1 only. Now, moving to the second question. Rabbar tribes who are commonly seen in news inhabit which of the following areas? A, Assam. B, Marchal Pradesh. C, Rajasthan. D, Odisha. See, as we discussed in the article, Rabbar tribes commonly are seen in Assam and West Bengal. So, the correct answer is A, Assam. Now, moving on to the third question. Arrange the following geographical features from north to south. One, Taiwan State. Two, Japan. Three, South China Sea. Four, Indonesia. Select from the quotes given below. A, 1, 2, 4, 3. B, 2, 1, 4, 3. C, 2, 1, 3, 4. D, 1, 2, 3, 4. See, the correct answer is C, 2, 1, 3, 4. First comes the Japan. Next comes Taiwan State. Third comes South China Sea. And finally comes Indonesia. This is the order from north to south. The correct answer is 2, 1, 3, 4. Now, moving on to the fourth question. The National Green Tribunal has jurisdiction over the which of the following acts. One, the Air Prevention and Control of Pollution Act, 1981. The Environment Protection Act, 1986. The Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991. The Biological Diversity Act, 2002. Select the correct answer from the following quotes. A, 1 and 2 only. B, 1, 2 and 4 only. C, 2 and 4 only. D, 1, 2, 3 and 4. See, the National Green Tribunal has jurisdiction over seven laws. The first law is Water Act Prevention and Control of Pollution, 1974. Second law, Water Cess Act Prevention and Control of Pollution, 1977. Third law, Forest Act Conservation, 1980. Fourth law, Air Act Prevention and Control of Pollution, 1981. Fifth law, Environment Protection Act, 1986. Sixth law, Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991. Seventh Act, Biological Diversity Act, 2002. So all the four acts mentioned in the question comes under the jurisdiction of National Green Tribunal. So the answer is D, 1, 2, 3 and 4. Now moving on to the fifth question. Consider the following statements regarding Nipun Bharat Mission. First statement, it aims to create an enabling environment to ensure universal acquisition of foundational literacy and numeracy by 2050. Second statement, it will be implemented by the Department of School Education and Literacy Ministry of Education. Which of the statements given above are correct? A, 1 only. B, 2 only. C, both 1 and 2. D, neither one nor 2. Now let us take the first statement. See the first statement is incorrect. See Nipun Bharat Mission aims to create an enabling environment to ensure universal acquisition of foundation literacy and numeracy. This part is correct. But it aims to create by 2026 not 2050. So first statement is incorrect. Moving on to the second statement. From the discussion of the article we know second statement is correct. Nipun Bharat Mission is implemented by Department of School Education and Literacy which comes under Ministry of Education. So the answer is option B, 2 only. Main's practice questions are displayed here. You can write your answer and post in the comment section below. With this we have come to the end of the news analysis. If you like the video, click like, comment and subscribe. Thank you.