 The laser shock peening, LSP, process is a promising alternative to traditional shot peening, SP, offering improved surface finish, higher depths of residual stress, and more uniform intensity. It also offers several advantages over ultrasonic impact peening, UIP, slash ultrasonic shot peening, USP. Research into the LSP process has focused on optimizing process parameters, substrate conditions, and characterizing the resulting residual stresses. Parametric studies have shown that the LSP process can be used to improve the mechanical properties of various materials, including fatigue life, fretting fatigue life, stress corrosion cracking, SCC, and corrosion resistance. Despite these advances, there are still some inconsistencies in the literature regarding the LSP process, and further research is required to fully understand the process and optimize it for specific applications. This article was authored by Abdul Lahi K. Gujba and Maman Med Raj.