 application of I effect right down next application of I effect many two types of application here right now two types of application we have to compare the stability of intermediate to compare the stability of intermediates and the second application you write down to compare the acid base strength to compare the acid base strength okay first one we will see how do we compare write your notes properly okay this helps you a lot all these notes okay so all of you write your notes properly of this organic chemistry especially very important first one stability of intermediate okay so what are intermediates first of all intermediates are right now intermediates are highly unstable highly unstable molecules or ions molecules or ions which forms which forms during the reaction and gets destroyed okay before completing the reaction okay during the reaction it forms with when the reaction proceeds it forms an intermediate in between and then before completing the reaction before formation of product it destroys also okay so basically in general we'll write what reactants gives you intermediate first and this intermediate converts into product as the other reaction okay now here we will have certain conditions to convert this into product there are two barriers which every intermediate has to overcome and that is energy barrier and orientation barrier and that will discuss in chemical candidates okay that is not required here okay but any reaction proceeds reacted first gives highly unstable intermediate any reaction may intermediate can never be a product because its energy is very high and it is and hence it is highly unstable so it has to convert into product if the condition in the barrier is there if the condition is satisfied basically if the condition is not satisfied then it converts back into reactive we won't get intermediate as a final product this is one thing now what are the different intermediates okay right on next there are different intermediates we have the first one is carbocation the second one is free radical one by one we'll discuss this the third one is cardinide the fourth one is carbene's fifth one is nitrene's benzyne benzyne is not that important but all these intermediates are important okay it is there in the reaction which we'll discuss later on in the chemistry what is the third one carbonyne carbonyne positive charge is carbocation what is the carbocation right down next sir what is fifth one fifth one nitrene's nitrene's carbene's benzyne benzyne is like this carbocation right now although what is the carbocation and just the property can that we'll see first okay so carbocation is the carbon atom which has three sigma bond this x y z can be anything it has it has three sigma bond and one vacant orbital three sigma bond and one vacant orbital with a positive charge on this carbon this carbocation has three sigma bond characteristics three sigma bond one vacant t orbital so what all did we do it's a very good very good can't give you any i think what we are discussing we are discussing of GOC general organic chemistry these are the intermediates i'll share the video i have already recorded the video so i'll share that okay one just for this you just understand we are discussing an intermediate carbocation and stability of this intermediate on the basis of inductive okay so that one we'll do and then we'll stop this we'll continue with okay we'll finish ironing and then we can continue with this okay so one vacant three orbital three sigma bond one vacant p orbital right it has how many electrons six electron two four five and six it has six electrons hence it is electron deficient electron deficient to gain octet it has tendency to accept one pair of electron right that's why this behaves as behaves as louis acid okay it has tendency to accept one pair of electron behaves as louis acid next one it is diamagnetic why it is diamagnetic all electrons are paired diamagnetic right what is the hybridization sp2 three sigma bond sp2 hybridization what is the geometry try monol this is the characteristics of carbocation so is this a specific kind of carbocation or all have this it's carbocation it is carbocation not specific whenever you have carbocation these are the characteristics of carbocation okay three bond pair and one vacant pure carbocation carbon has three sigma bond and one vacant orbital vacant orbital means what one electron is missing over there that's why one positive charge is there and one electron is completely missing that's why we have we have what we have a complete charge delta positive charge right delta positive when you write it's non-classical carbocation the partial charge so it's non-classical not important but normal so now the stability of this carbocation is affected by all kind of electronic effects whether it is i effect mesoamic effect resonance type of conjugation some say its stability effect right when you finish this chapter when you get that question in the exam you have to find out in the given molecule what electronic effects is possible resonance what i effect hyper conjugation and according to that you have to decide which one is dominating okay to dominate but we have done till now we have only done i effect so we'll do the stability comparison on the base of i effect once you finish all the electronic effects we'll take some example and then you'll see what effect is possible which one is dominating according to that what should be the order okay so next slide on stability of carbocation think organic chemistry like i said neutral species is always more stable than the charged one correct so when you have a positive charge so to gain stability this positive charge you have to minimize positive density you have to minimize so this stability of positive charge is affected by plus i effect and minus i effect obviously but what is the relation we have of the stability of carbocation with plus i effect and carbocation with minus i effect so the stability of carbocation to gain stability charged density we have to reduce yes or no stability of carbocation, the charge density we have to reduce to reduce positive What we have to do? We have to provide electrons and electrons can be given by minus i group or plus i group. Plus i groups are electron releasing group. So, that is why the stability of control of the ion is that it is proportional to plus i effect and inversely proportional to okay. So, one thing is there that you have to minimize the charge density alright. You have to minimize okay. According to that only we will decide the stability okay plus i and minus i. We will write down some examples and then we will compare the stability of these C H 3 C H 2 positive charge C H 3 C H C H 3 positive charge C H 3 C C H 3 compare the stability of the 3. First one is the most. TV 3 is it is he can consider this as C H 3 but H is replaced by the isotope of hydrolysis no. Finish all these. Okay, first one which one is the most. Why? We are trying to compare the stability of these carbocation okay. Alkyl groups are electron releasing group. Alkyl groups are electron releasing group. There are three electron releasing groups of positive charge density here it is minima out of the three okay. That is why stability is maximum. So, this is first, this is second and this one is third okay order. This is the most, first one is most, third one is least. This F shows what? F shows minus i. Electron withdrawing minus i effect okay. Chlorine will have minus i effect. Chlorine also minus i and romine also minus i. But out of the three which one has maximum minus i effect? Chlorine. So, this withdraws more electron, maximum electron. So, here the positive charge density increases right and it is maximum here it is minimum. So, this is most stable one, this is two and this is the order of stability. Can you repeat what you said about you know the arrows that are. Arrows means these are releasing electron. Arrows means releasing electron. This means with two more sets side. Two more sets side. Two more sets side. What are my purchase? Take your time. Take your time okay. Cs3 is what? Plus i effect? Cd3 is more plus i. Sorry plus i, Cs3 is minus i and F is again minus i. What is that? Plus i you see plus i is stabilizing the carbocation and minus i destabilize the carbocation okay. So, obviously these two are destabilize the carbocation and these two destabilize the carbocation right. So, Cs3 and Cd3 which one has more plus i effect? Cd3. Cd3 maximum then Cd3 and then Cs3. Cd3 has more plus i nature. It means it releases more electron. Hence this one is most stable. The first one is. Sir, don't neutrons only affect the physical properties? No. More mass like? No. Because of more mass only it's electron releasing tendencies more. Sir, the carbons affect your electron. No. But mass number increases, the vibration of bond pair will be less and that will decrease the bond width. Okay. Cd3 has maximum plus i and Cs3 has minimum plus i out of the three okay. Sir, so more the mass. Don't get confused. Order is this. Cd3. The plus i nature is this. Cd3, Cd3 and Cs3. With this order you can do the question. Okay. With this order you can do the question. Why the order is maximum here? Because the bond length is minimum or maximum. The bond length here is minimum. So it has maximum electron releasing nature. That is more than enough okay. This order you must remember. Cd3 has more plus i nature first and this one is second. M has more minus i so this will be four and this will be third. Is it clear? Okay. This is minus i and here we have Cs3, Cs3. Electron releasing group. So it is plus i. So plus i step by step of the order will be this. Order of stability. Oxygen electron withdrawing. Nitrogen also electron withdrawing okay. But which one has more electron withdrawing tendency? O because O is more electronegative than nitrogen. So this one is less stable than this order is this. That is NH. NH yes. Which one? But that we are not considering. We are considering this positive charge stability. No sir because it withdraws more from H doesn't mean that it will withdraw lesser from the positive charge. No, no, no. Nitrogen? This oxygen pulls electron from this. This also pulls electron. And in this way the positive charge density increases. Here also increases. But this can pull lesser electron than this because this is more electronegative. So here the electron density is sorry positive charge density is more here in comparison to this. And as positive charge density increases, stability decreases. But what do you mean what the N chart was full electron? This will pull little electron that is why this hydrogen becomes slightly acidic. But this won't have height that electron withdrawing tendency of nitrogen increases. So sir you told that if one electron pulls electron, then the one behind one pulls electron. Basically it is that one electron. So you told that if one electron pulls electron, then the one behind one pulls electron. That also pulls electron. One of them pulls electron and other one relieves electron. This takes from, this also takes from this electron. It depends what atom is attached to it. It depends on the electronegative this and this. This is lesser electronegative than this. And this pulls electron from this also. It depends upon the electronegative. What is the order here? This is most stable and least stable. This one? What are you looking for? This carbon. We have three electron releasing group here. Here we have only two. Here we have only one. So three electron releasing group both less than city and mostly. This one you see the carbon, positive charge carbon is attached with three alkyl group. This is tertiary carbocation. The daily carbocation or tertiary carbocation. When the positive charge carbon is attached with two alkyl group, it is two degree or secondary carbocation. Three degree or tertiary. It is two degree or secondary. It is one degree or primary carbocation. Finally, so what we can conclude, three degree or tertiary carbocation is most stable. Three degree, two degree and one degree. Here also the same thing. This is three degree carbocation. This is two degree carbocation and this is one degree carbocation. Three degree is most stable. Okay.