 The study compares map use performance using virtual reality, VR, and desktop-based environments, des, finding that participants using VR processed information more efficiently, had a shorter response time, and visual search time, while accuracy, satisfaction, and readability were similar. These results can inform the design of VR maps that better adapt to human cognition and leverage the advantages of VR. This article was authored by Wei Huodong, Chen Yuyang, Huoliao, and others.