 Good afternoon and thank you for tuning today's program. I am Valerie McCall and I'm Chair of the American Public Transportation Association and a member of the Board of Trustees for the Greater Cleveland Regional Transit Authority. We are pleased today to unveil new research to help us understand the rapidly evolving mobility worldwide. Before I go further, I'd like to introduce Lauren Barnes who's the Vice Chair of Athens here as well. The report is titled Shared Mobility and the Transportation of Public Transportation. Our format today will be to discuss the report, its findings and its recommendations. We will then hear the perspectives of APTA, Uber and Lyft and the perspective of a transit agency, the Pinellas Suncoast Transit Authority. I will introduce our four speakers and they will come forward one at a time to make their presentations When the four panelists have completed their presentations, we would like to have a thoughtful discussion. So as you are listening, please begin to get your questions ready so we can have a nice discussion afterwards. First, to present the findings and recommendations of the new report is after President and CEO Michael Malanathy. Michael has spent his entire career in public transportation with more than 26 years of both public and private sector leadership. He has run transit systems in Charlotte, Laredo, Hamilton, Ohio. Michael, please take a look. Thank you Madam Chair. Good afternoon everybody. Can you hear me okay? Okay, excellent. I'm Michael Malanathy, President of the CEO APTA and we are very excited to be with you to share the results of the shared mobility report. This is a fantastic report. We're very excited to be bringing this to you today. It's the first of its kind research examining ranked sharing services and its relationship to public transportation. It has an emphasis on seven cities for the study. The cities were Austin, Boston, Chicago, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Seattle, and here in D.C. I'd also like to recognize Diane Schweiger who has joined us here. She's the Senior Program Officer at the Transportation Research Board. She was invaluable in giving us guidance to complete the study. And sitting next to her there is Sharon Fagin, Sharon is the Executive Director of the Shares Useful Ability Center. Thank you both so much for the tremendous amount of effort you all put in to make this study. And Diane Drisby, who helped you out this program out of APTA's Policy Office as well as Director of Research at APTA. I also want to acknowledge Carol Warner. Carol and her wonderful team at the Environmental and Environmental Energy Study Institute will have again partnered with us in pulling this event together. Thank you so very much for your truly valuable partnership. Rank sharing has emerged as a critical element in our industry. It helps the public transportation customer with the first and the last five to the public transportation network. Today I'm going to highlight three of the main findings of the report. First, as we look at the travel habits of 45 hundred people in seven cities, we found that people use shared modes or ride sourcing such as Uber and Lyft, the more likely that they will use public transit. They own frequent, they own fewer cars and they spend less money on transportation. That's pretty good, doesn't it? In fact, among those that use Lyft and Uber, 50% said they use a train and 45% said they also use a bus. Approximately 57% of frequent shared users said public bus or train was the single shared mode they use most often, followed by bike sharing and ride sourcing and car sharing. This means public transit is the anchor for the go-to mobility choice for those who lead a multi-model lifestyle. People who use public transportation and other shared modes drive less, walk more, save on transportation costs. Can't beat that. Example, this series can be seen when you compare people's ride modes to those who are experimenting with new forms of shared mobility. Statistically, they own nearly half a car or less. So the average household who does a new shared mobility of 1.5 cars, those that are using shared mobility, 1.05 cars and basically half a car or less. Using a combination of public transit and ride sharing may lead to better health. Almost half of all respondents say that they are more physically active since they started using shared mobility. So you may actually get a better body as a result of ride sourcing than those in public transit. It's alright. So if you like saving money, of course. This is a significant impact on household incomes. For those who combine riding public transit and ride sourcing, 20% of those surveyed said they had postponed buying a car this week. 18% decided they're not going to car at all. And 21% sold it and did not replace it. That's an incredible statistic. Buying a vehicle and maintaining it tends to be the second greatest household investment. This expense is second only to buying and maintaining your home. The second important finding I'd like to discuss is that shared modes are a complement to public transportation. This enhances the entire mobility network. We saw this very consistent, compelling data that was prevalent in every city that we studied. We found there was a clear peak in ride sourcing demand between 10pm and 4am on weekends. This is the time of greatest demand overall and public transit is often unavailable to it. This means ride sourcing does not compete directly with public transportation, where there are compliments to the entire mobility network. As an end bonus, furthermore, 54% of respondents indicated they use ride sourcing as a recreational or social trip purpose within the last three months, which results in fewer drivers on the road. This is very good. The third finding I'd like to highlight from the report is a strong recommendation that the industry was already embracing. As shared modes continue to grow in significance, public transportation entities should work together with these carshirts personal services to ensure their benefits are widely and equitably shared. A number of our public transit agencies have ceased the opportunity to improve effectiveness and affordable mobility for all users through our collaboration and public-private partnerships with shared modes. I believe this has proved positive that our industry is agile, adaptable, and many times ahead of the curve when it comes to embracing and leveraging new technologies. Sitting at the end of the table here is Brad Miller. Brad is the CEO of Pinellas Suncoast Transit Authority. He's serving St. Pete, Clearwater and Serrani communities. He's going to speak later. He's going to share with you a great example of how public transit agencies are making these public-private partnerships work. So Brad, thank you so much for coming. I really appreciate it. We're finding that our public sector agencies and private mobility operators are eager to collaborate to particularly improve paratransit using emerging technologies and innovations. These new individual technologies developed for shared use mobility can be folded into paratransit operations as well as existing fixed routes. This is important. I just touched on a few of the highlights, but I urge everyone to take a look at their report with these groundbreaking findings and recommendations. We have copies here in the room, or you can go to our app or website, apta.com. The way people interact with communities is to get transferred. Public transit is at the heart of that formal shift. Together with companies like Uber and Lyft, we are integral in creating a dynamic, multi-bottom lifestyle. So thank you so much. We look forward to having a great active discussion with this incredible panel. Thank you very much. Thank you, Michael. So next, we will hear from Uber's Transportation and Ability Policy Manager. That's a great title. Andrew Salter. Andrew focuses on making Uber an integral part of the future of urban transportation through research and partnership and policy development. He joined Uber in 2013 and became the Senior Operations Manager for New York City. You've been visiting. Uber's largest global market before joining the global policy team. Prior to joining Uber, Andrew worked at the World Bank supporting public transportation investment projects on the East Asia. Thank you, Uber. Thank you. Yeah, so as that intro of the loop stood, I think this is kind of like a moment coming coming a lot of ways. I was at the World Bank in D.C. for several years. At the beginning of my career, I was very focused on making public transportation investments kind of abroad, but the big picture was how to make those as efficient and effective as possible. In four years ago, or three years ago, when I went to Uber, I kind of did that because of what this report talks about, which is that I think high level, the goals that Uber is pursuing and the goals that public transport is pursuing are kind of one and the same, right? We're looking for convenient, affordable, accessible, sustainable transportation for cities all across the U.S. and more broadly across the world. So I think what's really exciting for me today is to have this report that I'm sponsored by AppTill and the people in the room to kind of put some meat behind that thesis because this is really what is happening on the ground over here indirectly from riders. So we've talked a lot at Uber about how we believe that this report that goes that Uber and public transportation are companies. I'm based in New York, so one of the ways when I first joined, I was looking at a map of kind of where people request rides. And you can literally do a pretty good job of mapping meteor rail lines of New York just by looking at where riders request them. Because people are sort of trying to time their request. I think people were waiting for that when they get off in order to train or whatever it is. So you can see some people are more or less successful and how it kind of seems before the station requests. But that obviously is someone trying to kind of play a game to sort of time that connection. So if we make that easier, we kind of go out of our way and make that less of a guessing game and more of a seamless connection. It also illustrates, I think, that the riders were kind of leaving us in some ways and making those connections. People figured out that Uber was a good way to get to from a community realization long before we were kind of taking and promoting the formalized connection. And this report, I think, recognized the leadership of people on the ground. These riders sort of made the leap forward to this kind of complementary Uber and Lyft and then public transport operations all around the country. What I think is particularly exciting about this report is it talks about a kind of different sort of complementary level, which is this issue that Michael alluded to with the time of day complementary. I live in New York and I get a lot of freezing work for it, but I still take this subway every morning because it's faster to work for me in particular. But when I'm out at night on the weekend, I tend to take Uber or Uber. I think having those two options makes it more and more possible to live in that car, which is what sounded the data from the report or at least, you know, I think this is another reason that this is a good study for me. I got my driver's license when I was 28. I grew up in Canada. I'd never owned a car. I think I was strictly mocked by my American friends, but now I'm mostly like on the vanguard instead of on the right side. So like if this report could help me make an increasing kind of pool in some way, that's a positive byproduct. But I think really broadly there's lots of data showing that the driver's license kind of rates are going down across the board for, you know, which is exciting. And I think a lot of that is the smartphone and what that enables. So, you know, I think the evidence is accumulating this report is a great job. I think it's better than you've seen before of laying it out. And the final piece that I think is exciting is it kind of taking the pulse of the enthusiasm of public transit agencies of working with companies like ours because I think we've had that enthusiasm for quite a while. So to see that in the other side, it's super easy. We've got partnerships with folks like Brett. We're going to talk about more detail. Previously, you know, Marta and Dart, the leaders in the space, we've done kind of one-off partnerships with folks like Caltrain, where, you know, supply was going to be crunched for Super Bowl, so can we use Super Bowl to have a helpful lead to supply sort of shortages of peak times. And then finally, I think we've got some interesting partnerships that are building on the API about a year ago that allows third-party developers to kind of build with a fast answer to that problem. Now, this is definitely the commuter rail line for the city or can somebody build a better option to kind of make that a journey? So it doesn't have to be us. It doesn't have to be the transit agency. They're publishing open data. We have an open API. Maybe someone in the space that has a fast answer for how this team is going to build together and that's what's pretty exciting about the future. So I think, you know, we have teams, I was on the New Year team for a long time, as you mentioned. There's teams all across the country who are managing cities and states for us, trying to figure out the best solutions for their local market, much, I think, in the same way that trains students all across the country are trying to do the same. So if this report helps to kind of leave a groundwork for how those folks will get better, then I'm super excited about it. Thank you. Thank you for being here. And next up, we have Emily Castor, director of transportation policy for Lyft. She's a member of the original Lyft team. Emily worked with researchers, transportation planners, and environmental advocates and transit agencies to advance ride sharing as a sustainable transportation option and documents its impacts. She started her career as a transportation policy anchor at U.S. Congresswoman and later served as a financial advisor for municipal infrastructure projects. So Emily, thanks for being here with us again today. Thank you so much. Yeah, it's really great to be here. And I think, you know, in many ways to see this day as a culmination of what has been an outpouring of enthusiasm on both sides, the private industry side and the public transit sector over the last year, as our new services have been maturing and transit systems have been adopting technology and learning about what's available. And now that's really starting to gel in an incredible opportunity for partnerships and collaboration. So just to give you a little background on Lyft and how we've come to this relationship with public transit, our founder Logan Green actually started out his career as an advocate for bus riders in Southern California. He lived in Santa Barbara. He didn't have a car. He was a transit dependent individual. And so he became a pointee to the transit board there and was all of a sudden, instead of having to just be an advocate, he stuck with the responsibility that you all are so familiar with of learning how to provide service in areas where it's very difficult to achieve the ridership that you may need to get a 40-foot bus to be cost-effective on a route and have a, you know, ability to provide service frequently enough for it to be convenient for folks. He was at the crux of that challenge and he thought, why don't we use technology and the existing personal vehicle assets that are already out there being driven by everyday people every day to tap into that asset and augment the transit network in a way that can expand mobility for people in these communities so that people don't need to own cars. And so that was the seed of an idea inspired even by the organic kinds of transit networks that pop up in places like St. Bob's Way where you can travel and see and these jitties that move around and different examples of things like that in the past in the United States as well. But what has changed is the advent of this technology that allows us to create accountability around that system and to provide a user experience that's really convenient and easy and trusted for folks. And so as we've seen that network build to the point where it truly has the critical mass and the reliability to provide a service oftentimes three minute wait times even in suburban areas where that may be very difficult to serve a traditional transit. We started to see these discussions come together where transit agencies are reaching out to us and saying, here are the gaps that we have in our system that we think that a service like Lyft might be able to build. And so we've listened in those discussions and asked for ideas for suggestions and frankly just been incredibly impressed by the energy and enthusiasm from the transit industry about embracing this kind of innovation and using it to transform the nature of transit service delivery. And I think the future that we're entering now is one in which it needs so much more tailored in the way that we deliver service where there will always be a role for high capacity fixed route transit. People love the experience of taking rail. This morning I took the metro from the hotel where I was staying in Virginia to come into DC. I didn't have to sit in traffic. I was able to just walk to the station. That's a wonderful experience that everyone will always want to have. But for those folks who are living out in suburban communities who aren't quite close enough to that fixed route who have that first and last mile gap or even in suburban and rural communities where there's not that kind of accessibility of high capacity transit. And even folks who aren't able to afford or able to physically drive a vehicle we think that by working together we can fill some of those gaps and expand the ability for all. So we've been very actively engaged in many different transit agencies. Some of you I can see in the room over the last several months we've announced partnerships with DART with cities in Los Angeles and Denver that are working to integrate our technology into their multi-modal trip planning apps so that we can start to present a really seamless experience for our customers where instead of just having to open up this app to get this ride and this other app to get that other ride we can help as a Siri. She anticipates every need. We can make that connection easier the way Andrew has described it where folks don't have to be thinking about timing those connections. We can use technology and our API integrations as long as transit itself is starting to adopt technology like mobile ticketing apps for your smart phone based on your collection we can make those interoperable with one another and we can develop really interesting service models for low density areas where we may be able to save transit agencies money while getting people picked up faster and getting them to work faster than they were able to get places before so we're excited to be here and really commend the work of the shared use mobility center to CRP and AFTA and working on this because what's answered in this report are so many of the questions that people have been asking me for the last year they said okay great you know Lyft is doing this cool thing we see some of your organic you know activity that's happening on your platform around first and last mile rides but what were people doing before what did they do before they got an effort after they got out and we didn't know the answer to that and this study really helps answer those questions and shows how the combination of these services will be a catalytic effect in reducing the need for car ownership so thanks so much for having me thank you and I just want to point out for those of us that are transit board members if you've heard them say that the founder of Lyft actually was a transit board member so again that brings it whole and lively as to why this is important and to round us up here is we have Pinellas Suncoast Transit Authority CDO Brad Miller PSTA operates a fleet of 210 buses on 40 rounds serving St. Peter Bird Clearwater and surrounding communities before taking leadership of PSTA in 2011 Brad headed the Des Moines Area Regional Transit Authority in Des Moines, Iowa he served the Virginia Railway Express in the Washington DC area and was the Chief Operating Officer of the Charlotte Area Transit System in North Carolina Brad please share with us your experiences thank you good afternoon everyone from the sunny state of Florida I'm very honored to be here and I'm very grateful for these partners that are up here that we could not have implemented our pilot program about a month ago without certainly with APTA, Michael and Valerie supporting us on the national level our partnership with Uber that I'll talk about in just a second and now when I get back to Florida tonight then it'll be with Lippity we're here today celebrating the future of transportation I strongly believe and I think it's a great great partnership and collaboration that we can enhance mobility for everyone that's our job as local transit providers is get people real people mobility in any way we possibly can I know our pilot program in its only third week of existence is already showing the results that Michael talked about in the report about that this is a compliment to our existing public transportation system I do want to thank some folks that we could not have gotten this done without certainly our friends at Uber have been working very diligent with us and experimenting with us along the way as we plan this program I need to thank my board members my local elected officials including the chair of my board who's in the audience Ms. Darden-Rice a city council member from St. Petersburg and a number of key leaders in our Florida legislature obviously there's a lot of discussion all over the country on these disruptive technology I think as they like to say and we've had some real great leaders in the legislature as well so what we did on February 19 we launched a what we believe is the first of its kind in the country first mile, last mile partnership program with Uber and taxi cabs so now in a portion of our community as of now it's just amazing technology if you are anywhere in this city in all its part of Florida or part of St. Petersburg, Florida and you pull up the Uber app there will be a PSTA option and it'll say basically it's a cool little slider and if you select PSTA and ride Uber or the taxi cab will be the same way to a bus stop you get a half price ride so in this zone the average price according to Uber is about 5 or 6 dollars Uber ride, the average trip so half price on that plus our 2 dollars and 25 cent transit fare makes the total ride about 5 dollars so far it's already increased according to Uber it's really increased Uber patronage in this area and it's actually helped our ridership we have a low income community on one side of our main line that connects to there's no sidewalk from their community to the main bus line and they now have an option some of them maybe don't have a smart phone yet but they will get one and so they can take the taxi cab option as an alternative on the other side of the north south route we have a new business that just moved in with a number of young people and they're also not really walkable to the main bus line but they are now starting to take Uber they're actually sharing the ride and so at maybe 3 dollars for the total trip it's very inexpensive for them to connect to the transit and get to where they need to go it really is great for us to be the contributor of this program it is a pilot program that I already consider to be a huge success but we're going to run it for 6 months and then expand it as Michael said and some of the others said I think it is a great opportunity we're going to try to use these partnerships with our paratransit program to overlay the same kind of service in a broader area so that it can maybe be an alternative for people with disabilities who can take advantage of that that saves my agency money and allows me to provide better service on my main four-door route so again thank you very much for inviting me I think it's a fantastic leap into the future for our whole transit industry and having you part of it thank you so as you all can see this is more than just a study it's collaboration at its finest and I don't want to lose sight of something I mentioned this earlier but we had Uber and Lyft at the table working together with transit and I think I heard you say I think it has worked together as well and so those are very very critically important restrictions I think because it really goes to show you that collaboration happens at the end of the day we all want to do this best for our, for the riders and for the community and here we have a great example of that so I appreciate you sharing the example of what you're doing I'd love to hear more about that as well you guys can make another transit agency very jealous and so with that first of all let's give them all a round of applause and see what I know you all want to do with just jumping into some questions and answering them so we're taking questions and answering any questions? talk about how you integrated the back office functions and also what were the concerns of your very proprietary information yeah so again I mean I'm the only person that I think that's pretty awesome and I have no idea how it works my understanding is essentially what the app does is it turns the lights on they've created a geofence around a certain area so that wherever you're standing when you hold your phone it knows that you are in the zone and it gives you the PSPA option and then there are zones around the bus stops for your destination or if you get off the one you can go anywhere the other way as well and what we worked out with Uber is an arrangement where essentially they are able to track the number of users of this and essentially charge us half price and then we get our bill at the end of the month really is very seamless we're collecting data actually Uber is a lot better than I see the way I don't help people about giving me tons of data and it's like yeah but you know it gets the systems that Brian mentioned the geofence and the enforcers I don't think of my mom other bad things that are coming out I mean this is some of the greater complexity around what you're referring to around back office isn't something that has to happen in this kind of a partnership because there's that simple billing function I think when you look at the inverse where you have a transit agency offering a mobile ticketing app and wanting to allow people to process payment for a lift drive which is something that's we're also exploring in a number of different places then there are ways to process to hand off that user's payment request in such a way that it maintains the security of their information and also doesn't require too deep of an integration between our systems or there are a number of different ways to set that up that we're happy to explore with anyone depending on what's the easiest for your technical system but it can be as simple as monthly billing or as sophisticated as having adopting a technology integration that allows for back end payment to hand off so we're going to just to clarify so the collection point is not the rider it's the transit agency so Uber and Lyft are missed which is not what Uber and Lyft are on other platforms the rider still doesn't account for these kits I think it's the 5C for the payments for the back end payment so the rider pays $3 across and that difference is billed monthly you can use the lights but the lights don't work they're not worse but the rider has an account with Uber yeah and they'll pay the $3 fare and then that difference to the rider will actually just kind of feel able to install this they'll do it okay, you want to come over here and then I'll get everyone okay thank you sir sorry there are no costs for the Natural Resources Defense Council it's great to see this new research and the findings are quite rosy which is great and I'm wondering if you also identified any challenges problems or issues that the transit industry and we would make private sector companies really touch on I'm going to defer it to them well, there's all of them okay, so as soon as there's a question I'll finish you I thought you were going to talk to me yeah well so and what we did was we surveyed we surveyed users and we understood we understand more about behavior we interviewed transit agencies and we looked at data for trips so we did clearly there are lots of challenges in terms of you know implementing this in a big picture projection and are better to talk about but we saw a tremendous opportunity especially on the transit side for the integration and for actually saving agencies a lot of money so it was a pretty rosy right there are differences in terms of yes there are requirements and things around who the drivers are I mean things that you've you know probably read about and heard about in terms of FTA requirements and if you're going to integrate these things you can build that you know there are shifts in the way that drivers using individuals who learn drivers instead professional drivers so those are challenges of course of course and also a man of Vandrey a man of Vandrey his Vandrey for the discussion very interesting I wanted to hear more about the pilot it was the pilot including with an in the pilot and so how is that implementation going to the pilot does not include who can use a taxi cab or a newer vehicle to connect to our fixed route service. I think there are other examples around the country of folks that are testing out the overlay of these shared ride services with care of transit. And I think now we've shown a success and have this sort of partnership growing, we can do that as well. So how long has this pilot been going on? What's the ridership changes that you're seeing on fixed-route transit? And what about cost? Is cost increasing? What do you see? Okay, so this program has been going since just February 19th. Okay, it's not nonsense. It's very successful. Uber has reported to me that Uber usage in this zone is up. And on the fixed-route transit it is, I don't have as real-time data on that. I have some information that we are getting usage of the program that's growing each week. And I haven't really seen it, whether it's growing the entire route or what. But if we are seeing each week, we've seen increased numbers of folks that are using both Uber and the taxi cab options we've provided with us. Okay, I think I'm just curious to see if it's going to translate to more cost for your transit agency. The cost, of course, is up to $3.00 or half the price, which is about $3.00 for a trip that we're subsidizing. And we actually believe this will be a more cost-efficient option to some of these areas. Then running a fixed-route bus on a frequent basis is substantially less costly for us. I think our average price on our paratransit operations is well north of $15.00 a trip. And on our fixed-route bus it's maybe around $3.00 a trip, so it's very cost-efficient. I've only had shares to share with you this very quickly. I'm curious that it's out of pretty much whatever you're going to treat by specification, but that's a separate question. Certainly the provision of paratransit service everywhere needs to be approved. I don't think this nation partnership is destined to improve either paratransit or fixed-route. I have some specific questions. In skimming it, I didn't see any reference to the 6 or 8 case-20 cities. Maybe that's in a separate report, or maybe it's online. I did see reference to the fact that Uber, so to say notoriously, but certainly traditionally not really knew what coming with regulators. I think they know what they're going to recommend. But with jurisdictions that want to inquire about some of its ride data, they've been unwilling to do so. So this suggests that they did so somewhat with the study authors. I'd be interested in knowing how forthcoming they were, and if anything that the study authors were interested in seeing that were refused by Uber. And did this also participate in the ride-sharing data? I would like to suggest that Uber's and Lyft's model, also a community's model, are to have a floating, cruising, a cadre of driving good vehicles in any service area they have. And I don't know that EESI itself would think that that's an environmentally sustainable model to have vehicles available and accessible to those people who don't require accessible vehicles on a regular basis. Some analysis of the way the ride-sourcing entities have their vehicles available for hire. That's for sure. Some study of how that should be done should be made by somebody. So I would like to give an opportunity to find some pretty good questions in there. So with respect to the environmental piece, I think you provided the perfect segue to mention another study that Darren Lovest is in the room from NRDC. NRDC is currently conducting a study with funding from the Hewlett Foundation in which both Uber and Lyft are participating, providing activity data as well as distribution of a survey instrument that is looking precisely at some of that net environmental impact question. It will assess the behavior patterns around using these services and also all of those different factors from the vehicles to the miles, the downtime in between rides that may impact the net GHG or vehicle miles travel assessment of this service. But I think overall what you see from this initial study that we're reporting on today is a very encouraging indicator about the fact that this will actually reduce the number of vehicles that people own and the number of vehicles that you own is the greatest indicator of how many vehicle miles travel you can see. And what I think what the study researchers found in this case was that in fact the presence and availability of services like Lyft but also bike sharing and car sharing create this ecosystem that actually makes people more likely to use transit because when they give up a personal vehicle, and maybe more importantly when they get out of the mode of just defaulting to their car as their main way of getting around, they become much more likely to engage in all these other sustainable modes as well. So the answer is, you know, we don't have all the answers yet because this is a new and evolving field but I think there's much opportunity for future research, some of which is already being done and we look forward to seeing the answers to those questions. And just to talk a little bit about kind of the efficiency. There was a paper out of the day, or yesterday perhaps by Allie Krueger in Princeton, talking specifically to your point about the productivity and the efficiency of taxing on the road versus what they're able to see from the vehicle to the road. So are they doing more for an hour? Are they busier as a share of the time on the road? In other words, for every vehicle-mile travel that's being done, the people in the platform are getting kind of more productivity and more efficiency from moving forward in the city and the evidence they have is the answer is yes. So I would think it's worth checking that out if that's something you're interested in. But Demily's point, I think there's been a lot of questions that are out there being answered but we aren't collaborating with folks in the room on the kind of study that's been taken care of on the platform side. Particularly like the pooled ride services was a type of efficiency that was never possibly born through any of the prior services. The single occupant vehicle use has been the primary mode of using the personal vehicle but now with Lifeline and any similar products, we're able to put four people in a vehicle. We have, I think, over 20% of all the matches that we create on Lifeline that's in San Francisco now are triple matches. So we're teaming very high occupancy in those rides and that really helps the equation in terms of aggregate vehicle-mile travel. And then follow-up to your question on where's the additional data from the cities. You can find it in the online version of the report at apta.com. And I think it's worth noting that five years ago these two companies didn't exist. And so as you look at the evolution of how this interacted with transit, we're kind of in phase three. Phase one was Northern. They're out there doing everything to do everything. Phase two was, oh my God, they're competitors. We talked to them. And phase three is, wow, we should collaborate and work together. So we're early into that phase three. So we're starting at one level as we're seeing it's a very dynamic ecosystem. So it's a lot of different components. And so as this ecosystem evolves from its very early stage in the growth curve, we will start to evolve into more and more of those pieces and bring in more care trained into other component pieces. Great question there. Early in the process, lots of room to grow right now starting off with a really good base of opportunity. And we thank groups like the LSI Post and GARF for being first movers on this to help get us to a new role. Just to another question, we hear earlier you. A question for Brad. You mentioned the state legislature's role somewhere in the pilot, or maybe in the broader student thing. Can you just say a little bit more about what that was and if others want to opine on the role of state legislatures or other suit animal and national governments associations and what's the role of state policy in the rest of the world? Well, it's a great question and one that I ask my state, government affairs folks every all the time, is how this is being viewed up in Tallahassee. Certainly, as we know, and I think we move around the country, this is being debated in state legislatures. And what we were able to position our pilot program is as a actual partnership, I think it was mentioned before, we actually had Uber and actually the cab industry partnering together on this program. And that is not something that is always heard in Tallahassee, so well, but since we have a, we contract out our fair transit service, we have really good relations with several cab companies in the area. We were able to stand there together and then there was Uber and the cabs together shaking hands. So I think that really helped us. We do have, of course, there are some key leaders from the Tampa Bay area that are very, very positive about this advanced mobility technology and want to see it happen. And they're really looking at this as a great thing for their community. Like a state policy perspective, if you raise an important question, what's the ability of your regional transit system to have fluidity of movement on these services across municipal jurisdictions? And so I think what you've seen now in, count is it 30 or 31 states now that have been active legislation for ride sharing, pretty much just in the last two years. Many of them have been at the state level. There's certainly some city policies as well, but it's very helpful for allowing something like a collaboration with a regional agency to happen when there's a uniform policy framework that cuts across the state. And so that's really been, I think, the trend recently and it's very helpful in terms of speeding along the adoption, especially think about smaller communities. Think about the rural and suburban transit providers who may, they might not be on their own capable of making a market in ride sharing. It's important for them that the state establishes those rules so that even small communities may be able to benefit from that framework and attract these kinds of partnerships that can have mobility in their communities. But on that point of the state level legislation has been so important across the country that you could also, if you wanted to, haven't done this explicitly, but tie an environmental or efficiency area in fact with that because if you have individual town license that seem required to kind of get that back to the town if you open it up for regional level then you can get much broader efficiencies and then I think that's a lot of service to be done. Alex Beckham from Transportation for America thanks for being here. Just a question for Emily and Andrew. In regards to using ride sharing and kind of public transportation with comparatures in aspect, strategically where do you see that evolving and what are the challenges that you're facing? I think I was talking to someone who looked at that in a couple of weeks ago and you know, fixing vehicles or kind of modifying vehicles to make them handicap accessible is a big cost. One of the challenges is kind of the public-private partnership to do that. So what are some of the other challenges and what do you see in the final ten years? The proportionate great job of identifying some of the opportunities and challenges that exist in that space but I definitely have to say every time I'm here with transit you can see that is really top of their list of things that you want to talk about. It's been around for a long time I mean I've been dialing ride services but certainly paratransmitters where a lot of agencies are spending a lot of money right now to provide service and in many instances I think they're starting to see that they have 55% of their riders who actually can easily use a sedan vehicle like those on the Lyft platform. It's true that we have a challenge and that we're reliant on personally owned cars that everyday people have in their driveways so we don't have a fleet that we can bring to bear in fact in some of these jurisdictions we're not legally permitted to have foods but what we can do is really relieve pressure from those transit agency budgets by helping to most efficiently serve the trips that are well suited for the Lyft platform and I think there are all kinds of great partnership models that are available potentially using our technology and other vehicle types but we're just beginning to come around with this opportunity to make that happen. I hear every time I go to any transit paratransmitters I come from a person where they identify as a different area of cooperation but also one of the places where they have to be outside. So it's not like you can be a braving model with some threads that are going to be there and they can be set as a new services so maybe there's some potential for some existing models and for technology they really have some sort of ways of working so I need a new potential I'm giving all the interest on both sides Hi I have a couple of comments and a few questions I'm Paul Vidar from the President of the Wisconsin Association of Tax Care Owners. We have 49 shared ride taxi systems in the state of Wisconsin that are locally controlled and do coordinate with their current transit entities. We understand that this is new technology but we didn't have 30 billion to invest in creating our own apps and we're very afraid that people with local jobs are getting like the fleets that come in from Chicago and Minneapolis and other cities that are taking away local jobs and taking revenues out of the state of Wisconsin. It's something that people don't very often talk about. And we're also getting a lot of Uber and Lyft drivers that are trying to full-time drivers that come to us because they can't afford to stay in business because they're taking the full burden of their vehicle maintenance, their commercial insurance costs that are associated with being professional driver upon themselves and the returns on the rides aren't sufficient to sustain them. Beyond that, we are subject to FTA regulations and have to go through a lot of train programs and it's in the interest of the public good for the safety and security and consumer protection. I don't want to drag the mood down here but there's been plenty of incidents that relate to consumer protections where there hasn't been the oversight necessary and it's not a one-size-fits-all solution. I think your data is a little bit short-term and I don't know about your sample size. I think it would have to be a little bit larger to call it a conclusive decision on the study. But we are trying to advance our systems we are trying to create shared rides already but we're afraid that we're going to be competing for smaller pieces of the federal pie and that it's going to go to these large corporations that are going to come in and say that, well, yours are employees yours are currently not. So that's very confusing because I think that there was a decision that lift drivers are lift employees but you should treat them like employees how are they going to get the training how are they going to make sure that they have insurance how are you going to make sure that you know who is actually using the application because I can pass myself on to you. Just to say do you want to keep your focus on this particular study? Yes. And you raised some points so I would like to give a response on the aspect of the one that relates to the study but it also is important to think about a lot of the afterwards where it's sort of hard to have a lot of good notes on this our policy person from after but I want to focus on this aspect of the study. I live in there's 5,000 I live in Brooklyn, there's 5,000 drivers right now who are active with Uber who live in the area where I'm a driver I live in school, go to school, go to school so I think on the local jobs I think there are places all across the country who are seeing similar results. In fact if you are seeing exciting potential for you can have an opportunity so I think that's something we're pretty proud of trust in. To answer kind of the insecurity pieces, I think we have you know we're proud of the background checks that we have and which we operate and I think what we have that's never been possible before is accountability and feedback from the driver so I think that's something that will never possible before the I think that in combination with the checks that we do before here our kind of really frontier of how our transport system operates right now we're doing public transportation before I don't know if that would be a useful challenge so I think a lot of our public transports are very exciting to work with so I think that it takes on a couple of things that are really important I'll say I think this is a really exciting time for all of Sherwood Taxis are a form of Sherwood and I think that there is an opportunity there for all of the players in the traditional industries and new industries to raise technology so we're really doing that to be able to do all of our various different kinds of content and I think that's starting to happen in more and more jurisdictions and it's hard to turn yourself from an operations company into a technology company but we're starting to see really interesting not just us, but the whole industry as a whole is seeing taxi technology going forward providing service to people through apps really adapting to consumer demand and to the extent that that's the approach I think that there's certainly a place in the market for all kinds of different Sherwood operators and that's really what this study showed was that it's an ecosystem that matters it's not one provider, it's not Uber vs. Slim vs. Taxis it's all of these options and all of us are working together to make it less necessary for people to own cars and if you look at the percentage of the people who did anything other than driving in any place other than New York City those were small percentages and we all have an opportunity to grow the market to really adapt to what consumers are telling us about the way that they work their lives I think we have one person over here and the last person is up there So Brad you touched a little bit on the digital divide of some of the residents in your program who don't have smartphones and it's sort of just said that oh they will have smartphones which is perhaps fair enough but I wonder if Andrew or Emily actually could address this and if maybe there's some alternative interventions to that down in the pipeline and what just came to mind was just perhaps alternative interfaces like a communal interface screening I suppose in a lower income area with a critical mass or higher density to allow it and perhaps actually alternative subsidy programs through a housing association I don't know if someone would have an enterprise between the partners but just how do you actually tackle that from a public policy perspective that something would need to be done rather than just say the beneficiaries of this are just the ones that have smartphones to receive a rebate or a subsidy to get to public transit but I wonder if on the provider side I think there are promising opportunities because we recently put out a product called Tonsierge which is basically a dashboard for an organization or an agency that wants to dispatch rides on behalf of someone else in a smart phone and they're able to do that from a central call center so if an agency establishes a relationship with us then they can take a call from someone who needs a ride from their dialeride service we're doing it right now with the non-emergency medical transportation providers in New York City where we're piloting it we'll be extending that and that allows someone to call in have a vehicle be dispatched to them without them needing a lift account at all and have that relationship with the agency to facilitate that and that allows people to rely on having smart phones even though they may not be used by the majority of riders I think the majority of riders will now an increasingly standard amount of smartphones transit is a service that must be available to these providers and that's if you have so much responsibility that I think you all should very seriously and so we want to be adaptive to that we want to create solutions that allow pathways for those riders as well I think just to build on that I think what's exciting is that things like that, to build new interfaces for Western University, to do all kinds of things let face it, let face it if you don't have a smart phone there are people who specialize in maybe interfaces but there's a thousand different ways now that we're trying to do the possible for you to build a smart phone not always through smart phone not always through our app I think that's one of the aspects on the whole solution Now just jumping in there's a program actually that HUD is doing for the very first time is called Connected and I was really talking about bringing technology to some of the most under-served under-served communities and actually you mentioned digital divide which I think is interesting because if you think about it, we use to hear those words all the time we don't hear them that much anymore because most people are migrating to smart phones now so I think that where you're going with those kind of projects that are already out here where people are helping to fund those get behind those unless you can get those in but I do just want to touch on that if you can share your thoughts on this we have a question here can we reach from IT in Orlando the transportation for senior 60 plus it's definitely one of the sectors that I'm most passionate by because seniors are typically those that use to hear a transit transportation disadvantage utilization unfortunately of the technology is not always I'm very encouraged by what you've just said that there is a dialogue and so forth we would like to think that with IT in Orlando some of the things that we have done in the past have mirrored and we have independent contractors of health as well as volunteers that they're facing it's definitely a wonderful synergy that's happening that maybe some of those that are out in the volunteer sector would even like to plug into potentially my question is your demographics did it take in consideration that one in every five people in the next by 2030 is going to be 60 plus and as they continue to age unfortunately their ability to drive does go to the parachutes in the industry so could you give me some demographics potentially that might be syndrome in terms of demographics of the study the surveys were distributed by transit agencies and also by some shared mobility providers car sharing providers so the overall demographics reflect the passengers that were surveyed and it was a little bit older you know there was a range because especially the transit users there was a wider range of ages certainly the section of the report that is about paratransit and as I said before I mean that was really the biggest takeaway for us as doing the study was there are just huge opportunities in the paratransit sector and there's lots of broad ways to define paratransit and to utilize the technology both of the microtransit providers that are able to optimize rides and do a lot of routing as well as what you all do with being able to you know respond to the request for a ride quickly that really can change the way their transit operates I think there's an opportunity that was very important for us in the current 2016 right now to have an option for seniors which my community has quite a few of and everyone and the opportunity that is there right now is called a CAV I mean the taxi CAV option it was very important for us to have both these new technologies and the taxi taxi does have benefits that Uber have you can pay cash to the driver you can talk to you can call a telephone number and book your trip so there are opportunities I think that it's great that new things will be happening but there's an opportunity right now these things can work we actually have to be out of the room by a certain time so I don't want anybody to think I'm trying to cut off the debate but we have dropped it out they're going to see the lights out on those kind of things and they're going to wrap up by 4.15 so they can come in and set up but to your point I raised this earlier having to sit here at home being at 9.5 so when you're on Medicaid Medicare and you're calling for a doctor's appointment you can call a week in advance well, you're at 9.5 she has to see the doctor tomorrow I honestly want to be able to do this and know that we're appointment is scheduled I got a text message I know they're going to figure out so I raised that earlier if you really think about the baby boomers and those who just can't drive for disability and mobility issues so I simply think there's some great opportunities here for moving into the future I want to highlight Marlene Cotter who's been jumping out the business Marlene can you send up? Marlene is like the queen of mobility management the rest of that really this is something that she's been working on for a very very long time I'm really the happiest person in the room today but I wanted to just acknowledge your work that you've done on this I really appreciate your leadership thank you