 Zumwes project investigated animal mobility in the prehistoric Europe and evaluates the impact of political systems on mobility and animal husbandry production at a European scale. As you all know, many parts of Western Europe experienced a similar process between the Late Bronze Age and Late Antiquity. With Zumwes we want to explore how animal husbandry adapts to the different political scenarios and look for similarities and differences in several European territories. In order to do so, Zumwes convenes chemical methods with more traditional and well-established approaches to archaeology and GIS. But why to move? Currently, most studies on animal mobility focus on palo-environmental conditions related to overcome further storage and long seasonal movements. But the reasons for mobility can be very diverse and not only involve long-distance seasonal movements. In addition, long-distance mobility is dangerous and needs stability, cooperation and organization between the different communities of our territory. Ethnography shows how animal mobility is not limited to food issue and is not always seasonal. The movements can also be consequence of migration, livestock fairs, movement of animals as prestigious elements, a change of males, etc. These diversity confronts used with a very complex reality where different types of movements can be superimposed or coexist in the same time and space. However, the circulation of flocks, whether for food needs or food reasons, is not always possible. In this sense, there are two main options. There is not political entity and the movement is possible because nobody prevents it. Or there is a political entity that allows and usually protects the movement. For a response to these questions, there is a different challenge at the beginning of the project, another appears after the project is started. The main ones are the scales of analysis, geographic and temporal, sampling for different methods, strontium map of the areas analyzed, reference work with present-day health and data visualization. The basis of the project is to work at different scales of analysis, site, region and big areas. The data come only from waste deposits, not ritual, to have a better picture of animal production. We select only the assemblages with more than 110 remains for the main domesticates and with a good preservation and dating. As a project analysis material for three different countries and different chronological periods, it was necessary a lot of organization and time to contact all the relevant institutions to secure access to the materials. The volume of bones is not always proportional to the volume of teeth and in some cases there were not enough teeth. We make it a minimum of 10 teeth per site a period to have significant data. Another problem was the inequality in the number of sites between periods because of gaps in the research in certain periods, for example late antiquity or late Bronze Age. In the other point, the sampling protocol was also difficult to decide in our case we used two destructive methods, isotopes and DNA. So it is important to organize the sampling thinking about the future. We established a protocol for collecting some data first, for example GMM and dental micro-wear, and we protected certain areas to enable future analysis like cement technology or dental calculus. The other point is the reference work with the present-day vegetation because in most areas there is not a strontium map available. For this reason, one of the important challenges on the project was to establish the vast line of comparison for archaeological specimens. So far we collected 47 vegetable samples in present-day in Catalonia. Unfortunately, some areas could not be sampled due to the intensive agriculture, urbanization and large industrial areas that might be as the strontium writing. For these heavily altered areas we need to rely on archaeological dental samples. In order to establish a reference with flocks of no movement, we are working with organic herds that graze in an extensive regime in the pyrrhenines. Herds with less than 200 animals have limited mobility, and bigger herds do seasonal movements over middle distance. They aim to observe and learn from the problems of a real shipgoats management in different mobility patterns. A year and a half passed from the first image to the last one, as it is necessary to respect the times and rhythms of the rural world. We select the most suitable herds depending on the geology of the area animal management and mobility pattern. And we explain at the project the objective, the methodology, the collection of samples and the information we need to help the herders. After three years some of them are an active part of the experimental program and calories when a ship dies accidentally or it is sent to the slaughterhouse. A lot of coordination is made between farmers, the slaughterhouse, the herd department permits to extract samples from the slaughterhouse, veterinarians and us. The result has been a reference of 26 mandibles from five different herds that we can use for mobility, for strontium isotopes, type of food for dental microwear and management and sustainability of herds of extensive model. No animal was slaughtered for the project. We respect the natural livestock cycle and the decision of the herders. This implied a slower time to obtain the samples, but after two years the experimental samples are ready and we are now waiting the results from the mass spectrometry. The last point is on the visualization of the results. We will present two examples. The first example is located in Saucer, France and dates from the Iron Age and Roman times. This graph presents the result of a single sample per tooth. Most ratios are compatible with the expected local strontium values and cattle have bigger variability of strontium ratios than sheep and goats. The density graph shows the results in a different, perhaps more visual way. Although there is a greater number of samples for the Iron Age, the mobility is very local. In contrast, the three Roman teeth display a greater variability. If we now take peak mobility in several sites located in Saucer, England, dotplot shows some trends that is great mobility in the Neolithic and Roman times, and less mobility during the Bronze and Iron Age. But when we visualize the data combining the density plus dotplot, this trend appears more clearly. And it makes the visualization more intuitive. In this example, we quickly see how the trend of serviting peaks also happens on cattle for similar English sites. What we did on lessons we learned that the two samples presented above demonstrate that one sample per tooth allows the assessment of catchment area of a site. In Zoom West, we are taking three samples for strontium and five for oxygen, because we look from each tooth to see if seasonal movement happens. Woodplaning and protocol sampling is crucial to minimize the impact of destructive methods and to guarantee future analysis. Behind the ethnographic work, there are people not only data. It is necessary to respect the rhythm of the herders and to share with them the information and result of the project. Some graphs allows a better visualization of tendencies. Mobility depends on the ecological but also socio-political and economical factors. And for understanding of the consequences of mobility, for the economy it is necessary integration of data. Animal husbandry for the species and size of the animals, level of social complexity, degree of mobility, genetic variability and ecology. This is the objective of Zoom West and the work currently in progress. Thank you for your attention.