 D handwriting We'll be looking at the specific protection needs of specific groups. We'll talk about children, women. We'll talk about the exploitation risk faced by migrant workers. We've touched based on that in previous panel. We'll further look at this during the presentations today. Yn gyhoeddwch, rydyn ni'n ddweud y cyfnodau i'r ffordd ac yw'r ddweud yw'r ddweud o'r gweithio ar y cyfnodau a'r ddweud, ac yw'r ddweud yw'r ddweud, oherwydd, yw'r ddweud o'r ddweud i'r ddweud. Felly, ymateb rhesilyddiau ynmddgrif yn rhoi i g allegedly? A dyna, how to bridge the humanitarian and development divide, providing protection, healthcare, education? And what is the role of different stakeholders in doing so? So, I would also like to suggest a slightly different format for this panel. We'll have a few of us here sitting. So I'll go with three presenters. I'll open it to the floor for questions and interventions. So please come forward with questions, and then we'll take it back to the next three presenters. But without further ado, I would like to introduce her her excellency is Miss, oh my god, I'm going to mispronounce your name, Khadijadu Barakfal, that is the Minister Delegate of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation of Mauritania. She's responsible for Maghribian and African Affairs and expatriate Mauritanians. She's worked as coordinator of several international NGOs in Mauritania before becoming the deputy co-ordinator of the Canadian Fund in Mauritania and then acting vice consul and consul of Canada in Mauritania. So the floor is yours. Thank you. Merci beaucoup. On aurait d'être ce matin ici par niveau dans cette grande salle du palais des nations pour prendre part à ce dialogue international sur la migration de 2017 mais aussi pour parler au sain de ce panel qui a comme objectif de traiter et comprendre les vinérabilités des migrants une approche accesse sur les solutions dans la perspective d'impact mondial permettant de réduir les vinérabilités et d'autonomiser les migrants. Ma participation aujourd'hui serait de partager avec vous l'approche Mauritania à la matière. Donc sans tarder, je vais voulir un document que je préparer pour contribuer à ce panel. Bismillahirrahmanirrahim wa sallat wa sallam wa aisharabil mousselim. Sallam wa aleykum wa rahmetullah. Monsieur le directeur général de l'Ollim, Excellence, chers collèc, mesdames, messieurs. La migration sera l'un des défis majeur pour notre monde au cours des prochaines années. La mobilité humaine n'a jamais été aussi importante que de nos jours. Dans ce context, la thématique de notre panel, promover la résilience et la gentilité à l'appui des migrants en situation des vinérabilités révèle l'une des préoccupations les plus exigeantes de la communauté internationale. Dwi'n dechrau, mae'r cadw i'n rhaid o'n ddylch i'r sích a gweithio ar y syniol i'r cyfnod i'r mewn cyfnod, fel y cyfnod o'r awddurau general, i'r cyfnod, i'r takoedd i'r gwelddau mewn biwyddiant, am gallu galla gweldd i'n gweldd i'r berthynas fel leiw i'n cael eikieiniad a'r wych o'r fwyaf. Caer sella, caer de sella, dependeron os i le grongechili bwrdd de maen. Se'r lyw de saliau, le trafai ffordd midabwc o loi ym Mabar, ddans y domen, yn tradwisant sut nôbl ambition de limanite, ddyn ni'n derme plis opiarrasionell. Lin desilistrasion de sut enghraifft proactif i le diallog international sur la migrasion, o'ch ei ddyn ni'n ddysgwydau hwnnw, o'ch teimdod i ddweudio a fathiondfa, i ddod i'r gyda'r ysgoleth fathion i ddyn niol amdano hynny, i ddyn ni'n iawn hyd yn tynnu'r gyfathio a'i ddelwedd pan wneud o'r gyfathion o ysgolffordi. Roedd gweithredu ar ysgolffordi o'n ddalog a'iweithio ar gyfer o spacesfodd ysgolffordi o'r gyfathion o'r bydyn ni'n ddyn ni'n ddyn ni'n ei gresfyd ddiddor I will also seize this opportunity to express our full satisfaction at the excellent level of cooperation between the IEM and my country. Allow me to highlight here the primordial role that was played with skills and efficiency on the IEM director, Mr William Lacey Swing, who has added a new element to our organisation, has shut down its visibility and with its remarkable international dynamic in favour of a better understanding of the core complexity of the questions related to migration and which is necessary to contribute to the operational solution research. I must express to you, Mr General Director, all the joy and honour that is the best, that is the best today in responding to your dear invitation. I would like to highlight the quality of contributions to the different panels and congratulate my predecessors for their important communication in which they have supported in favour of the promotion of concerted and operational approaches of the government of migration. The Mauritania share the vision according to which no government, whatever the means put in place, can effectively manage migration in all the trends of its complexity and that international cooperation and partnerships with all the prominent parties, including international organisations, civil society and local communities, will effectively manage the governance of migration. This awareness is now widely shared. It is this level of awareness that translates the ODDs as a consequence of global targets on the question of migration. Llan des aspects délicats de la gestion de la migration est celui du traitement des vinérabilités inérante à la conducion des migrants et en particulier chez les femmes et les enfants dans un context marqué par la prédominance despectres sécuritaires et tout selon un lien avec les engagements forts de la communauté internationale en faveur de la protection, de la sécurité, de la dignité ainsi que des droits de l'homme et des libertés fondementales de tous les migrants. Independiment de leur stati migratois tel c'est refleté dans la déclaration de New York du 19 septembre 2016. Cet embarras est perceptible dans la manière dont sont accueillés femmes et les enfants ffiant les zones de conflit affectés par les mouvements terroristes. Le recours aux dieux à l'utilisation des femmes et enfants kamicazes a induit une méfiance qui complique la prise en charge de ces catégories vinérabils. Je m'embeisantardais partagais rapidement avec vous l'expérience de mon pays dans le domaine de la migration et du traitement des vinérabilités. Je voudrais tout d'abord procéder a un bref rappel du cadre juridique régi la migration dans mon pays. La Mauritania a ratifié les principaux instruments internationaux sur rapportant aux migrations y compré les conventions de l'Organisation internationale du travail loïté, les principaux instruments relatifs aux droits de l'homme et depuis 2007 la convention internationale sur la protection de tous les travailleurs migans et les membres de leur famille. La Mauritania est également partie à plusieurs textes de l'OIA traitant la question de la migration et la signé en nombre important de conventions bilaterales concernant la migration. Dyn maniwyr general, la Mauritania a l'esprit de l'uberté de striculatio, dyn maniwyr general a Mauritania, l'esprit de l'uberté de striculatio, de striculatio a dominant dans l'arsenal juridique relatif a cette question des migrations. L'analys des flis migratoires vers mon pays fait ressortir trois vagues successives au cours des deux dernières décennies, a safar immigration tradisional en provenance des pays limitroff, caractérisé par des liens culturels, religieux et linguistiques, immigration des persons fi en les conflits et immigration de transit vers l'Europe via l'Afric d'Inor et les îles Canaries. La positions géographiques de mon pays fait que cette migration de transit prédomine les autres flis et de se fait constitue le défi le plus important. Je dois mentionner que ce flis de transit est en passe de se transformé en flis d'installation, c'est-à-dire qu'on est parti dans pays de transit pour devenir un véritable pays d'accueil. Concernant le cas de nos frères et ce réfugié maliant, le gouvernement Mauritania est maliant ainsi que le Haut Commissariat des Nations Unies pour les réfugiés et le HCR ont signé en juin 2016 un accord tripartite pour le rapatriments volontaires. Le nombre de réfugiés maliens accueillis dans le camp de bras s'establissé au 1er juin 2016, à 41'564'000 de personnes, selon le HCR. A la ffaveur de l'évolution de la situation sécuritaire, malheureusement au Mali, ces chiffs doivent être revi à la hausse. Sajusant de la migration de transit a partir de nos cwt, nous pouvons affirmer que ce flis est aujourd'hui totalement maitrisé, notamment par une surveillance accru des frontières en général et maritime en particulier associé à la généralisation de l'enregistrement biométrique des personnes qui séjournent à Mauritania. L'efficacité des dispositifs de surveillance mis en place à Noa Dibou, notre capital économique qui est frontalier avec l'Espagne, a insimi le migran a l'abryd de la violence generalisée, comise par les bandes criminels, les réseaux de traite et de traficants d'être humains. La presen charge de ce reflimasif de migran en transit pour l'Europe bloquée en Mauritania a constituir pour nous un défi immunitaire sans précédent, mais aussi une opportunité pour mon pays qui n'était pas suffisamment préparé à la gestion de la masse de ce phénomène multidimensionale pour mettre à jour son dispositif institutionnel et réglementaire. Là aussi je me reste allié le travail d'accompagnement de l'OEM au coté d'autres partenaires technic et financier. Excellence, mesdame messieurs, pour faire face à cette situation et répondre au défi nouveau défi migratoire, il était nécessaire de mettre en place une stratégie intégrée couvrant tous les champs et toutes les manifestations du phénomène. C'est ainsi que les autorités nationales ont défini et mis en place une stratégie nationale des gestions de la migration pour doter les instances gouvernementales de toute l'expertise thématique ou sectorielle. Allor cael la migration était jusque là la persie au travers de son strict volet sécuritaire, la stratégie nationale de la migration élaborée suivant une approche résolimente participative propose un rééquiblage des actions au profit des dimensions migration et développement amelioration des connaissances et de l'encadrement des phénomènes migratoire et protection des populations migrant transistiation de précarité. Cette stratégie migratoire s'inscrit dans le cadre de la politique générale du gouvernement moritanien, le comité nationale des gestions de la migration qui en charge de la mise en oeuvre de cette stratégie est présidée par son excellence, le premier ministre, l'ingéur, messieurs Yary Wolhademi. D'un manur general, la stratégie nationale de la migration sarticule autour de la lut contre la migration illégale, notement par la mise en place d'un état civil fiable par la généralisation de la biometrie, le contrôle efficace des frontières et de la promotion de la liberté de mouvement pour les migrants. Cette stratégie est également ouverte à la coopération et à la constitution des partenariats car la moritanie entend continuer à coopérer étroitement avec tous les partenaires engagés au service de cette cause que Monsieur le directeur général encore une fois a qualifier à juste titre dans lignes de ses intervio de troisième vague de mondialisation pour mettre en oeuvre tous ses engagements en la matière. Fy ffasio o defi de la vinirabilité de migrants, la moritanie en coopération avec les organisations comme le HCDH, le Haut commissariat des nations unies pour les droits de l'homme, le OEM, le HCR, le CICR a conséderablement renforcé le volet immunitaire autant que la dimension des droits de l'homme afin que lorsque un migrant en situation irrégulaire est le teni il puisse être pris en charge tout en bénéficiant de tous ses droits de l'homme. Dans ce cadre, une campagne de sensibilisation et de vulgarisation des conventions internationales pertinentes a été menée auprès de nos forces de sécurité. La commissione nationale indépendante des droits de l'homme est plus récemont les mécanismes nationales des préventions de la torture incitiée en 2016 effectiant des visites aux migrants retenis afin de sassurer que les conditions de rétension sont conforms au respect de leurs droits. A ddépidau progrè realysau, yn termes de rispée de leur droit humain a de pris en charge humanitaire, le migrants rest exposés a de violences déclinés sous diverses formes dirant tout le processis migratoire, ses violences sont le plus souvent le faites de groupes criminelles contre lesquels mon pays a renforcés salides. La diaspora moritanian a létranger. La diaspora moritanian a létranger est estimée a 266 400 persons reparti dans différentes régions du monde et la conie au gré desitiation de ruptir, de la paix, des moments de vinerabilité accru, le gobernement en coopération avec les autorités des pays de résidence et suivant les circonstances, l'OIM et d'autres organisations humanitaires que nous remercions ici a pu organiser avec un certain succès des opérations des repatriments d'urgence. Mon département organise des visites de plus de contact auprait des moritanian à létranger pour s'inquérir très souvent de leur situation et de leur condition dans le souci de veiller à la protection de leur bien et de leur intérêt. Nos avewon récem acrei en centre des opérations d'urgence. A léch gwyth de comunitées moritanian a létranger operaen 24-24-7 djurs yn 7, pwrwysi'n wneud a nid o persón wedi serau yn situasiwn ddeutres. Mae'r ddysgu'r cyhoedd a chygoeddau ynrian gyffredig gynlluniaid ar gyfer gyfer ddeall. Rwy'n dweud, mae'n gweld yn dweud beth sy'n testio ar gyfer", yng Nghymru fawr i ymgylchedd, a'r chef, ac mae'n iddyn nhw'n gwneud, yng Nghymru, i'r holl mlynedd ar gyfer ar gyfer rhan o gyflawnhau ar y qubwyll yn ymgylchedd. ac yn ddwylo'r cyfnodd iawn i'n dweud y dyfynodd iawn ar gyfer y dyfynodd iawn. Mae'n ddylch yn siŵr o'r ddaf yn cyfnodd iawn i gael y cyfnodd iawn i'r dweud a'r gweithwyr oedd o'r ddiolch yn cael eu lleol a'r ddwylo i'ch ddwylo i'r ddwylo i'r ddwylo i'r defnyddiadau. i gyfweld yr adod o ddiwedd mygwydiannol ddyn nhw i gyfrannubau ychydigio elwyr yma yn 2018. Y adod o ddod y cyfrannu wedi mygwydiannol yn ein cyfrannu yn agorau i fewn hyffordd, ond oedd y cyfrannu yn olygu o ran sicrhau am y cyfrannu mygwydiannol, y cyfrannu meddliadau yn treff niwn arlinef gyffredig, yn dechrau am gyrhau pan fydd yn arddir yn eithaf y rhai arlaff. Roeddwch i colli amdyloedd o wych yn ymddangodd a gynllwch y profiadau a'i gilyddio y cyfynol am gweithio'r bod wahanol eich ei ddweud o gyfynodol yn y cyfynodol. Felly, ydych yn gynllwch gyflym gyda'r byn ymddangol a gweithio ddefnyddio gwyloedd ymbylch yma, gyda gynllwch gyda'r ffordd gyda'r pobiddordeb yw'r bwysigol yw gofynig am hynny ymdaith cyda'r gweithio mewn hyffordd arall, oherwydd y mynd iddyn ni'n mynd i gweithio HOFF that could have only taken me too long to continue because I don't have much time left. So continue the multilateral dialogue to improve the global, regional and national responses to help countries to reinforce their ability to service immigration to continue as it works. I wish to reinforce the governance processes of immigration on the sub-regional and regional aspects. Of that, I would like to remember that the African Union has taken certain number of initiatives a gwybod i chi ddweud yn cyf proszęio mewn cyd-siglau yn gynghwm nhw, beth yw ddweud sydd y cyd-siglau eu cyd-siglau mewn gynghwm nhw? O ran ychydig yn y gyfer hynny yma o'r cyfnodol sy'n gynghoroedd yn ôl'n gwybod i chi ddweud gwelio fy angin. Nid yw'r cyfosio'r cyd-siglau o'r cyd-siglion yn godi'r gwirionedd ymwr Inusigl. ddefyn нашаillau a wneud a'r problem Alymmu ysgytig. Maen nhw'n cael ei chael gŵr i gyd, yn ddiw i gael yw unrhyw gweithio gyda'i unrhyw ffordd ffordd o dynnuheidabyt ac a'r brwyllgor yma, ein bod i'r dyfodaniaeth chi a wneud yn ddwyd i'n fy agdwyr wedi'i yn Ffairin Стau am y DU, i fynd Arledigfyrdd i'r ddwyg hefyd yn yn ffantafu cynllunio gyda'r Gwyl Wyrddol yn y ffyrnau Ffyrnau Cymru. Rhyw rydyn ni'n mynd i'r Gwyl Wyrddol yn y ddaloedd cyffredinol cyffredinol, gyda unig i EU ac nid ydym ni'n meddwl cyffredinol yn y rydyn ni a'r Llywodraeth. Yn ymgylch yn y Llywodraeth yn ymgylch yma. Rydyn ni'n mynd i chi'n gwybod, rydyn ni'n i'n i'ch gweithio siwyddiadau i'n meddwl Ond o'r gwaith syd wedi arnyn nhw mewn i'n ddefnyddio'r gwanhwm, y peilogau ddefnyddio, y ddefnyddio'r arnyn nhw, ac yn yr unigol. People of migration can see the complexity of migration from the previous few years but also the need and the need of achieving this pact to give to the migrant the role that corresponds to it. The role main one. In that sense, I've given the developments of today's and yesterday's workshops Felly, yn ymdyn llwyddon hyn, ond ond y cyfnod ar gyfnodol yn ymdyn llwyddon yn ddweud, ac yn ymdyn llwyddon yn ymdyn llwyddon, ond ond bynnag yn cyfnodol yn ymdyn llwyddon, a'i ddweud o'r cyfnodol yn ymdyn llwyddon, ac yn ymdyn llwyddon, ...y gyd yn ddweudol ynghylch ar gyfer y cwmhag... ...a'i ddweud yn y gyfnod y teimlo'n gweithio'r sgwm. Rwy'n meddwl e wedi'i gael un discurs... ...y odd y cwmhag o'r sgwm... ...a'r Liniad o'r Link OEM. Rwy'n meddwl e'r sgwm ac mae'n meddwl o'r sgwm o'r rwy'n meddwl o'r ddechrau. Dyma a oedd e wedi'i myfyrdd cysylltion y mynd yw'n hi'n gwybod, dyna am ymgyrch o'r ddydd yn jegaethio mewn cyfan. Yn hi weithiau gyda'r myfyrdd cyfan o'r myfyrdd cyfan, aroedd yn y mecanysgaf ar y past, ac rywbeth hwnna'n cyfan o'r cyfan o'r peth, gyrswyr iechyd yn cyfre y mae'n rhaniaith. Mae gan i'r traddisiwn, gan i'r unrhyw mewn rhaniaeth, a ddod am un ffasig i gyllid, ddod am ddod am yw ddod mewn ffordd i gael eich gweithio. Ddod am ddod am ddod am ychydig yno, am ddod am wneud ymddangosol, ac yn byw i ddod am y peth yn mynd i ddweudio. Mae'r peth yn ymddangosol, rwy'n i ddod am ddod am ffasig i gyllid. Ddod am gwybod yn y peth yma ar y gyllid, ac ar gyfer ymddangosol, efallai'n gwneud yn mynd i ddod am ddod am y peth. y myfnwyr o'i gyfnodol o'i gael Ymwyllfa. Felly wef wedi'i gael i'r gyfnodol a'i hynny, rywbeth am y gallu gwahanol. Mae ychydig yn gwahanol yma fel yma, a yn ymwysig ar y panel ar y gael, nid oedd ymwyllfa yn ymwyllfa a yn ymwysig ar y gael yma yn ymwyllfa'r cyfnodol a'r cyfnodol yn ymwyllfa. Ond yw'r cyfnodol yn ymwyllfa. ac mae'r gyflodyniad ar ysgolwyddan yn gallu gwahoddiol. A rydych chi ddweud hynny. Rymohon, bydd, bydd, bydd ym Llywgr的hymu o'r bair, efallai y bwysig cyfnodol sy'n sy'n gyfnod o'i gwahoddiol yw bob yn gwahoddiol i gwahoddiol. A gref ychydig o'i gwahoddiol, bydd ym unigradd yn cael ei ddaddyd diwyddiol y samech gyfnod o'i gwahoddiol, ond yw'n gwybod i wedi amser allan hwnnw. Yn mynd i'r cyfle ddaeth, byddion i'r cyfle i'r dweud, a'r cyfle i'r cyfle i'r dweud. Ond yn ymddangos, yn y cyfle, mae'r cyfle i'r ddechrau ymddangos i'r ddiwyllus mae'n gwneud o'r ddysgu i'r cyfle i'r ddechrau a byddwyd o'n gweithio i'r ddaeth, Ti'r hunain eich gwahanol, nifer o'r llan fod maes y tŵr i'r parwyr arnaeth. Ond oherwydd nid yn cael y cymhyrch chi bywyd ychydig ar gyfer ar gweffernol a'r fan meddygau, ac nid nid oes gonna ar gyfer ar gyfer y gweffernol o'r sylfa hayfyrdd. Y cyffir yn ei gweithio yn ysgolodio eich gweithler cy非常, arbyn y chyfnod o bobl sy'n gweithabol wedi bod y cyffirdd, yn oedd yw'r llan mae'n ddefnyddio, yn oedd yw'r llan mae'n ddefnyddio, eich bwysig unigol, sy'n meddwl y cyfnod hynny'n siaradnau. Ac yw'n gallu'n seniw'r cyflawn cerddo ac yn enill o'r cyflawn, ond bydda'r cyfaldd, ond i'r cyflawn yn gwlad iddo ac efallai'r cyflawn yn gwlad. Ac ysgol y bydd arall y Yongfg, ond y gwybod hwn yn ychydig ymddangos y papel, ac ysgol yw'r cyflawn ar eich cyflawn i'n golydiech am ddeigol. Yng Ngueth yw yna'r unig eu hyrfaith o'r hynny'n gyfer a mae'n meddwl i roi'r hynny'n gynteg. Mae yna meddwl i'r hynny'n gynteg, mae yna'n meddwl yn edrych mewn mewn meddwl. A mae'n meddwl i'r meddwl i'r meddwl i'r meddwl i'r meddwl, i'r meddwl i'r meddwl i rhaid, Ac yna, o'n ddweud â'i panael yw amglwadadau, yn gweithio, o'r trafnod o'r migrasion, sy'n gwneud o'r trafnod o'r negatifol, o'r problema. A'r cyflawn o'r cyflawn o'r cyflawn o'r ddweud y ffasio o'r ffasio argynnu'n ddweud y Tadeu'r Swyth yn ymbaith. Mae'n cyflawn o'r migrasion o'r cyflawn. Ac o'r cyflawn o'r cyflawn, mae'n cyflawn o'r cyflawn o'r cyflawn o'r cyflawn, DES' L Pork'r arall fe fo, mae'n badaf. teamwork O Castigrasol a gyllaf Dosna'i dwi rhaid dan hynny daith a'r dweud yn plefrigio mewn gwio여 yn gallun hefyd, mae'n badaf yn gyfarlogаr, felly mae'r dokht. R sprechenb, Mae hoe'r bydd cer KRon Cyfo goda yn hynna arhaff dim. Dyna mae'r якіus. Mae erbyn, mae'r byd vezm mwed yn gyfan cygafol. Mae gennych o'i eich cychwyn i'r rhannaol. Rwy'n meddwl ychydig, mae'r cychwyn i'r llaw hun yn ystyrra. Mae'r cychwyn i'r rhannaol, a'i'r cychwyn i'r rhannaol. Ac oedd yn dangoson o'r gweithio. Mae hyn o'i cynniged yn ymddir i'r Cwmddianol. Mae'r cychwyn i'r Rhannaol. Mae'r cychwyn o'r rhannaol, ond mae'r llwyddeeth y Lliwyr yng ngyfnol bydd gennych yn chi gwybod eich straff. Ac oedd yn amwnawn gwch yn gwelnig weithio'r cywyr, I have to implement a return policy with a long-term projection, and for that I have to work already so that the person who returns has a resilience environment, I have a life project and it can effectively be an adequate policy on the issue of migrants. I am sorry for having extended me, thank you very much. Same name as me, Daniela Núñez Pérez, who is director of institutional coordination for migrant health of the general director of international relations of the Ministry of Health in Mexico, and where she coordinates action for prevention and health promotion, including access to health for Mexican migrants. The floor is yours. Thank you very much. In the name of Mexico we want to thank the invitation of the OIM, in the name of the Health Secretary. We give you this presentation, I hope to be brief and to show the practice we have had with our migrants inside and with our migrants outside. We will have a brief context of what we do in the health secretary in this area, then I will pass the attention of Mexicans outside, the programs we have, then I will give the attention with national, repatriated and other migrants in Mexico and to finalize some conclusions and some attributions that we have given. As context, we can begin by saying that the attention to the health of migrants expresses an effort of responsibility of the government of Mexico with its population that resides outside, in order to preserve and improve the quality of the attention of its health with emphasis on actions of prevention and promotion. Given the commitment that has had the Mexican migration in recent years, mainly to our neighboring country, the United States of America, the health secretary has imposed new programs for the attention of the health of migrants. Both in the United States and in Mexico, in order to consolidate the individual and community resilience of migrants. The programs are in progress to improve access to health services with a main focus on the prevention of diseases and health promotion that allows them to have a better quality of life from the promotion of habits of a healthy life. The migration of Mexico to the United States has been characterized, among other aspects, by its eminently undocumented nature. This situation exposes migrants to conditions of greater vulnerability, since in many cases they must be interned in places where extreme weather conditions such as the internal heat in desert areas or the low temperatures of the winter in the country of Mexico. Given the diversity of risks exposed during their journey that goes from the exit of their home, the crossing of the border between both countries and their status in the United States, migrants are a population that faces in particular conditions that can affect their health status. In this crossing, we recognize that health is a priority axis for the full development of its physical, social and cultural potentials of migrants and their families, with what they put in risk particular and identifiable factors for public health. Here I present to you what are the determining factors of health conditions, that we can distinguish in two main blocks, which are the change in the lifestyle and the change in the environment, which gives us adverse health conditions such as contracting diseases such as obesity, diabetes, mental diseases, addictions, accidents of work, HIV and other diseases of sexual transmission. Dentro de los programas que tenemos para la tensión a mexicanos en el exterior, hay un programa que se llama la Semana Binacional de Salud, es un programa que inició en el año 2000, un programa que es trabajado de manera conjunta con la Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores, con la red consular que tenemos en Estados Unidos y con diversas agencias. Efallai mae'n ystafell arno. Mae'n ddigon iell i unig o'ch ddwyllfan nhw, i ddim yn ddal i ddim yn ystafell i'r Unig, y Gymraidd ychydig, ddwy'r rai, i ddwyfodol, i ddim yn gallu'r kuwc syddach i meddogiol, i ddim yn cael gaffol yn yma grannau'r unig, Cymru, mae'r ysgolwyd yma hwnnw yn eu cynghwyllfa. Mae'r ysgolwyd yn ôl y 4odol ac rwy'n ddweud hynny'n cael ei ddweud eu 240,000 o gwaith a fyddwn yn y 4600 agen全部. Mae'r ddweud yn gallu honi'r unrhyw gyrfa'r gwmwysgol. Mae'r ddweud yn cael ei ddweud e'n gwybeth ar y cwrs. Felly, mae'r ysgolwyd ymlaen ar gyfer unrhyw, a'r syniad yw'r ffordd, mae gwelwch yn dynu'r ysgol i'r ffermwyaf. Rwy'r ffordd, mae oedd 50 ynrymeni i gyfnodol y gweithio yn yr 50 yn cyfnodol mewn eu mech ym Mhysgol, ac yn cyfnodol 3 cyfnodol yng nghymru, yn y llwy fwylo, Cansacity i Detroit. Yn y gweithio ymlaen, ar y gweithio ymdano'r ffordd, mae'n gyfeirio informatib a'r gyfnodol, informacio, yn mynd i ddweud poblion ar gyfer ar gyfer ychydig, yna mae bod ythynas Cymru hwylwch, fyrddion y pryd yw'r cyfrannu i amserol ychydig, ynddoedd am gyfnodol ar llyfrgellol rydym yn bod ydw i amersïtlu i gyfnodol, a'r cyfrannu sy'n fod effaith y systemau a cyd-contamfaethau. Mae'r ffordd i gweithio ar arifrwyr ysgu'r cyfrannu. Felly yna'r ysgu'r cyfrannu o gyfrannu fawr, ond mae ein cyfrannu ar gyfrannu bryd 100 oe 손iad!してis gyda myfyrwyd yn hynny o Plan i wahanol o'r helio sgolol iaeth, r�ant yn rhoi'r mawr ac mae'r r�au syniadau flwysig arall y Gymraeg. Mae nid o'r hollu 11 mawr o'r unigol, ac mae'r mawr mae o'r bwrdd yng Nghymru. Yn ym ni'n edrych beth sy'n teimlo, mae'n meddwl i'r mwneud o'r Rhaglen mewn gwnaeth, a gyrfa'r gwiswch, o bach o printrwyr wedi miliwnnau meddwl. O elwedwch â'r meddwl, bobl sy'n gychwyn i'r meddwl a'r bach o bach o bach yn ei wneud angen gael arall wedi ei wneud ymlaen. Mae'n ddweud o gael i'r bach yn llach o'ch gwaith yn ymlaenперd am yr unrhyw ffordd ac rhai yn erwyd i'r pladd yw'r rhaid. Yn ymwneud, yn ymwneud, yn ymwneud, i'n ffeydd i'w ysgolion gyda'r menu yma sy'n gweithio'r newydd a'i ddweud y sgolion mewn hynny. Yn ymwneud, mae'n fwyaf o modul o'r fronteol, mae'n fwyaf o modul o'r fwyaf o'r fwyaf o'r ddweud cyntafol yn ymwneud. Yn y ffawr, mae'n adnog yw'r adnog y masafio'r gweithio'r adnog, yna phobl wedi'i adnog. Mae'n adnog yma, mae'n adnog i'n meddwl i'r gwaith yn ysgrifft. Mae'n adnog ymlaen, mae'n adnog ymlaen'r adnog yma'r adnog meymef, ac mae'n adnog eich adnog yma'r adnog yma, mae'n adnog yma'r adnog yn dweud yn gyfnod o'r adnog, Ie, uned eich bod y cygwein iawn, y Gwein, mae'r hwn mae'r Unisiativaidd a'r程 ti gweithio'r Cyfnod dechydig. Ie, y gweithio y gweithio'r awr, ac'r hwn yw'r hwn wedi'i ei chael gyda'ch gweld ddechrau, y gyfnodd gyda'ch cyfnodd, a'i sefydlu hynny ydyn nhw'n gweithio'r grannu cyfryctu, o'r branches a'r Llywodraeth ei ddweud o'r cyfrwysig. A nad ydych yn enw'i ddi o'r farchfeydd y farchfeydd ar gyfer ffPlayer o'r farchfeydd o'r bwysig ym Llywodraeth a'n bwysig ar gyfer gwaith ym Llywodraeth. Felly, i gyn yr adliad am hynny. Mae'n dda siaradau'n gweld cael ei ffeilgaredd y Llywodraeth gennymol ar y ddechrau'r farchfeydd ym Llywodraeth, Mae'r fforddau yn doddyn ni'n gwylltur o'r ddweud ar gyfer gobyn ymweld, gynnig o'ch cyflawni ar gyfer cyflawni gyrch i'r ddweud yma, ac yn ddwych yn gweld ymlaen i wneud o'ch wneud, mae'r fforddau'n gweld yn gwyllturol o'r ddweud o'r ddweud o'r ddweud o'r ddweud, o'r ddych yn sefydlu'r gyfer gwaith, edrych yn ei ddweud o'r ddweud, o'r ddweud o'r ddweud o'r ddweud o'r ddweud. yng nghymru o'r informacio yn y ffawr, yw'r element claf, yn ffawr i ddweud y bwneud o'i gwirio cyflogol ac yn ymwneud yw unwchion. Yn y ddweud, rydych chi'n mynd i'ch yn ymddangos, yw'n mynd i'ch yn dweud yma, yw'r amser ym mhwyliadau yw'r wneud a'r fawr i'ch yn ffawr i ddweud ymwneud i'r 7 gallu cyflogol ymwneud ymwneud oherwydd yw'r ffawr i'ch gael ymwneud ac mae'r ddiwrnod o'r ddweud y rhaid i'ch gynllunio'r syniad pethau. Mae'r ddaig iawn y bywch yn fath o'r gyllideig maen nhw. a phoblau i'r hyfforddiant, o hydfodol, maen nhw'n unrhyw o'r Cymru gyda'r GcM. Mae'r rheswellu ar ysgrifennu a'r ffordd ac yn myrfaen i wedi'i ddweud felly byddai'r ddweud y Cymru. Mae'r ddweud wedi'u ddweud y ffordd, y ffordd, y ffordd ac yn myrfaen yn gwahoddiadau yn y ddweud. Felly wedyn yn ymdynol ar gyfer gweithgol, byddai'r IOM, UNACER a'r partner i'n sefydlu i'r ddweud y cyflawr. rcaf, i gyflawni'r drif Weinbryd. Mae oedd gyflawni astud y peth sy'n dduid. Rydym ni wedi'u gwneud can drums yn ysgolus ac rwy'n gobl mewn saff. Roedd y dyfodol y Unizolhywc Cymru yn lleol y mhiliadau newydd ym Llyw Llywodraeth. Y Unizolhywc Cymru hynny'n ffordd i gael bod ymlaen yr ingybodaeth ymlaen. ac mae'r rhaid i'r cyfnodd y cyfnodd y gweithio yma, i helpu arall o'r cyfnodd. Nid ydych chi'n gwneud y SDG, a ddim yn SDG 3.8, dwi'n meddwl y byddai'r cyfnodd ymlaen. Felly, rydym ni'n gwneud ymddangosol gyda'r cyfnodd a'r planau sy'n ddodd yn ymddangosol, i'r cyfnodd i'r cyfnodd, i'r cyfnodd, i'r cyfnodd, i'r cyfnodd a'r cyfnodd, ..ac y bethau i lŵr, ac yn ddiddordeb hwnnw. Yn gyfweld â'r y belong i willio unrhyw ac byddwch yn y bwysig... ..ryddoch chi'n rhoi'r cwbwysig sydd maewch i'r cyffreddau sydd... ..ym bwysig sydd o'r llwyso i'r droib... ..amrhaen lleol sydd o bwysig yn unrhyw. Further more, health systems need to be prepared to be resilient and to be migrant sensitive, taking into account diversity and different health needs of migrants. This impris overcoming formal and informal barriers to health, short-term and long-term solution must be available, including addressing social determinant of health. Firstly, migrant health cannot be solved alone by the health sector or one country alone. Any solution 3-4 requires solidarity, cooperation, coordination among sectors within and across country and within UN agencies, civil societies and private sector. Ladies and gentlemen, we have to do a lot more in this area and the Beershow stand ready to provide health leadership and technical support in the development of the GCM to ensure that the health aspect of migrants are adequately addressed. We will continue and lastly I would like to conclude that there is no public health without the health of migrants. Thank you very much. Madam Chair, health is a global entitlement and I would like to congratulate again the Republic of Mexico for reminding us that health has to be further developed in the next global compact. Patient rights and medical deontology has been constantly challenged for the sake of migration control purpose. I'm going to give you an example and in the UK there's been a deal between the NHS and the Home Affairs to share patient record in order to supply some information. We need to have a clear separation between medical activities and migration control purpose, which has nothing to do to improve the state of our patients. That's what we call firewall and we appeal to have a concrete development of provisions that help differentiate the interest and the right of the patients and medical deontologies in front of whatever will be ensured to make migration policies in the compact. Thank you very much. Thank you to continue with our panellists. I'm delighted to introduce you, Mitch Hilde Fuhrer, is the Deputy Executive Secretary of the European and Mediterranean Major Hazards Agreement of the Council of Europe and she's working on the promotion and organisation of relief through appropriate common initiatives with other organisations in the field of major hazards prevention. The Council of Europe is happy to contribute to this dialogue and I'm pleased to give an overview on what we are currently doing in the Council of Europe. So we have also been here in Geneva in December 2016 when there was the meeting of the UNHCR High Commissioner's Dialogue on Protection Challenges and not later than yesterday we contributed to the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights to the report on the compendium of principles, good practices and policies on safe, orderly and regular migration in line with the international human rights law for the session of September 2017. So as you might know the Council of Europe is the oldest intergovernmental European organisation. We have 47 member states, our citizens trust book and the three axis of work are human rights, democracy and the rule of law. Europa is part of the Council of Europe. It's a special setting created set up in 1987. We work on natural and technological hazards and why was that department created? It was in the aftermath of Chernobyl, so the technological hazards and earthquakes and because countries around the Mediterranean were touched by these issues, we mainly have partners and members coming from countries around the Mediterranean. We have 20 to five member states and what is the particularity? We have also member states from Lebanon. We have also Lebanon, Morocco and Algeria being part of our work. Also they are not part of the Council of Europe. So we are happy with that. So we have four levels for action, political, scientific, practical and global. Political means we are as I said an intergovernmental organisation. So we work with governments and try to assist them when it comes to natural and technological hazards. There we mainly work with civil protection. So they inform us on their needs and we try to give them satisfying replies but they have done to implement that in their own legislation. Scientific, we have scientific centres in our member states and the results of their work contribute to our work in the political field and the worldwide strategy. We work globally together with the UN and to contribute also to the Sendai framework of action as you know that's the basis of our work. We work also in terms of strategy as you can see on disastrous reduction guidance, knowledge based instruments, coordinated regional approach that's our parameters setting the framework. So the Sendai framework of action. We are part of the European forum for disastrous reduction, the Council of Europe, the European Union and UNSDR and we prepare the European aspects dimension as a contribution for the global setting of the Sendai framework of action. Therefore we have been preparing a preparatory meeting in Istanbul where all the European actors were gathered in March this year and at that meeting we prepared the European contribution as an input for the Cancun meeting in March. So what is our approach? So we are based on ethical principles as you can see disastrous reduction vulnerable groups. We have developed ethical principles as a basis of our work and then we have, if I can say like that, declined them through the issue of vulnerable groups and disastrous reaction. So we have been working first with people with disabilities and then migrants, refugees and asylum seekers and then it gets tricky if you combine several vulnerable groups because the risks are getting worse. So what is, we are going for an inclusive approach guaranteeing migrants, asylum seekers and refugees equal rights with the rest of population with regard to care and support in crisis and throughout the disaster cycle. So as you will know little has been done to include migrants and their organisations in relevant frameworks, practical programmes and their voices are rarely heard. So we started to work in 2014 on this issue. What is important for us is to integrate the needs and vulnerabilities of migrants. They should be given consideration in emergency preparedness and contingency planning. It is essential to involve migrants and their organisations representing them in counter disaster programme. Above all, migrants, they have skills and they have coping capacities and they should be not only recognised but also utilized. So we have a two angles approach. We work with governments. Civil protection represents the governments and then we also work with INGOs for the practical work. We have identified the need for migrants and organisations to serve and represent them that civil protection have really to integrate the approach of emergency management. So we have developed different tools, recommendations, guidelines, publications. They are also available at the end of the room. You can take them or I can show you. And we have also developed a joint publication together with IOM and this publication will be launched at the lunch break. So after that session, so you are invited to join us there. So I will not speak about that now here. But if you allow me one more minute because in the Council of Europe we have an important department because our Secretary General has set up last year a special representative on migration issues and one of his important fields is also to take care of non-accompanied minors and children. So I will not go into detail but that's important and there have been action plans developed and then we have another position, a very important body within the Council of Europe. It's the Human Rights Commissioner of the Council of Europe and his migration light motive this year and last year have been integration also covered by the IOM agenda. The reasons for prioritising are elaborated in the documents I have with me and I can show you if you're interested and two sentences to conclude. So further specific guidance to Member States have also been provided by our commissioners in issue papers. I have them with me too on migrant integration that was issued in 2016 and this year refugees and family reunification and in autumn this year there will be another paper coming out on inclusive education. Sorry for being long but thank you for your attention. Thank you. I would like to introduce you, Ms Chidi King, who is the director of the Equality Department at the International Trade Union Confederation. His mission is the promotion and defence of workers' rights through international cooperation through trade union bodies and we represent what we have about 340 national affiliates representing something like 181 million workers in 163 countries. So we'll come as no surprise that our approach to the discussion is really from a labour perspective and I think it was said by several participants already during the course of today's discussions that if you are talking about resilience of migrant workers and tackling vulnerabilities then the right to work really has to be at the centre of this and we would say of course the right to decent workers conceptualised by the international labour organisation. We had a little concern that we don't go into a global compact that seeks to address risks and vulnerabilities by presuming in any way that migrants are or maybe inherently vulnerable and that the starting point is to better tailor responses to this vulnerability and I think in fact the background paper to this meeting does make that point. For us the starting point and focus needs to be on the very laws, regulations, policies and practices which include economic development and geopolitical policies that make populations vulnerable to displacement and forced migration in the first place often in perilous even fatal circumstances and then vulnerable to exploitation during transit and on arrival in destination countries. I think also in various contexts the fact that we already have a body of international law that should help us approach some of the challenges that face many migrants today in place has been mentioned. We do have a sufficiency of international human rights and humanitarian law but I think guidance on the relevant laws and the implementation at national level is very much necessary and welcome and the global compact can certainly contribute towards this. So the obligations contained in international instruments contain or incorporate fundamental principles such as that of equality of treatment and non-discrimination and underscore the state's duty to respect, protect and fulfil human rights including access to justice and remedies. The rule of law does not only apply to individuals of course it also applies to governments. A recent relevant addition to the to the body of international instruments having said that they are in many ways sufficient is of course the employment and decent work for peace and resilience recommendation that was adopted by the international label organization at its conference in June and which gives guidance on amongst other things addressing the situation of migrants affected by crisis situations. Other relevant guidelines in terms of policy adopted by the international label organization and based very much on existing international norms include the guiding principles and operational guidelines for fair recruitment and guiding principles on the access of refugees and other displaced persons to the labour market and I mentioned these instruments because I think they're particularly pertinent to addressing risks and vulnerabilities that may be faced by migrant workers especially lesser skilled migrant workers both in transit and at destination. I think we have to start with a global compact that begins with a premise that migration is not the answer to development. I think very often we miss this when making that nexus between migration and development. The answer to development really lies in adequate investment in skills and productive capacity in social and physical infrastructure developing active labour market policies that enable both developing economies and industrialized economies to make full use of the talent of their citizens so we also look at the question of labour migration from that perspective. For us of course from a labour perspective addressing risks and vulnerabilities of migrant workers to exploitation and abuse including violence demands a collective response but in many parts of the world the ability of migrant workers to organize and defend their rights is limited either in law and practice indeed the ability of all workers to organize is increasingly limited in either law practice and it's difficult to talk about the agency of migrant workers without actually assuring their ability to take collective action. In terms of models of labour migration as well that may increase exposure to risks and vulnerability the dominant model has become that of temporary and circular migration and it often seems that little or no attention has been paid to the additional risks and vulnerabilities to which such programs may expose migrant workers on the contrary they're often touted as a triple win situation and for vast numbers of migrants particularly those in less skilled low paid jobs the reality tends to be rather different it's difficult to see migrant workers as winners in circular schemes or as able to exercise their agency if they have limited choice regarding jobs regarding a change of employer regarding family unification and timing of return amongst other things. Further limitations often embodied in such programs include a barring of a path to residency extended even long term separation from families, the skilling, lack of social and labour mobility so the inability to switch up or even sideways, poverty wages and the list goes on I'm conscious that I'm under pressure for time so I will try to to skip forward a little bit. Maybe rather than concentrating there there are quite a few issues that I think that we would like to have mentioned and brought to the table during this discussion but maybe I will skip to some of the recommendations that we had we would have in terms of addressing some of these vulnerabilities not least of all ensuring that migration policies or labour migration policies in particular and particularly those intended to address migrants in situations of vulnerability need in order to mitigate and eliminate such exposures to be firmly based in international human humanitarian and labour law. States need to look at creating rather than ever increasingly restricting pathways to permanent migration for migrant workers at all skill levels this is usually more easy obtainable for higher skilled migrant workers and not so much for low skilled migrant workers and I'm conscious I may be losing the interpretation very very soon but maybe to point to a couple of other key recommendations for us ensuring the right to organise and bargain collectively in practice for all migrant workers including those in temporary circular and seasonal schemes as well as for refugees for that matter and ensuring the application of the right to equal treatment and non-discrimination including in respective wages and other working conditions such as working hours and occupational health and safety so mindful again of the time and the need for interpreters to have a break I think I will stop them. I will go to Sikander Khan who is the director at UNICEF Geneva office emergency programs who will speak about children and then I will conclude. Thank you very much indeed we have we have a PowerPoint that I will sort of we will put on the website so I will not go through the PowerPoint say I will just highlight a few things that I believe are very important to this so thank you uh Dr. General Swing and panelists for for having UNICEF here. It is a very interesting and a very challenging conversation especially when almost about 40% of of those on the move constitute children as we look at them and just by being a child adds to the vulnerability across across those those various movement routes and situations. I think we don't need to look too far as to where we can actually get all the guidance and try and bring our legislations, our planning, our priorities to conformity to what we have committed ourselves to and that's the convention of the rights of a child. If you look at article two it basically obligates all of us to to make sure that we protect all children. I would like to emphasize that a child is a child whether at home whether on the move or whether at destination. What is important in this is to find a framework that accommodates that particular protective environment that assistance assurance within the context of the conversations that we are having now leading up to the global compact. Be also mindful that we that is in contribution in complementarity and in sync with the 51 convention so that we don't compromise that either. Moving on as I said there are more children on the move than ever before you must have heard this in many preceding conversations. The recent figures also point towards a number of them and a rising number of them being unaccompanied and that's that poses additional vulnerabilities that we need to address. When parents move and children are left behind that causes a number of issues as well and a common issue that the challenge that children face whether on the move staying behind parents moving on the first point is the psychosocial impact that it has on children and on their well-being. Parental absence also has an impact as we can all see I think most of have were either children or we have children as we are now. For addressing children's rights in countries of origin transit and destination and particularly the rights of children on the move as I said earlier the CRC remains a definitive guidance and we need to we need to work on that to make it happen. Let services continue protective and social services when they move when they're at home when they arrive remain in touch where across the route so that violence violations do not happen or at least efforts are made that they are reduced to the extent possible and I may dare say let's move from being solo to be a symphony so that it actually works in support of children. The final sort of word that I would put here and as I said the presentation is there is basically a few a few examples. We do need to take our role very seriously and give and be the voice of children in the negotiations around both the migration and refugee compacts. This means ensuring a constant dialogue with both development partners and member states throughout the process of the compact development. Secondly we have to be able to provide policy makers, governments with evidence that they need to make informed responsible decisions about migration policies that concerns children. This means gathering and sharing child specific data related to human mobility on a timely basis. In this regard at the end of August I'm pleased to announce that I am in UNICEF are co-launching a report called Harrowing Journeys which look at the protection risks encountered by children traveling through North Africa into Europe. Thirdly our programmatic responses on the ground need to reflect the policy asks that we are bringing to the table at the compact negotiations. We need to be able to provide concrete examples of what works to provide alternatives to detention, access to education for children on the move, reuniting families that have been separated on their journeys. At the stock taking exercise taking place in Mexico City in December UNICEF is aiming to provide a collection of good practices, examples from a range of contexts to show governments not just what should be done but what can be done and is being done to address the vulnerabilities of migrant children. I'll stop there, time is limited. The power point is there and there's more information all on the website for these conversations and just keep in mind children are children, let's avoid tagging them just because they move from one place to the other. Thank you. What I would like to just outline briefly is what the initiatives aims are. It includes as I said 27 organisations and it aims at ensuring that within the global compacts but also moving forward beyond them children are at the very centre so providing a continuum of care, support for children and what does it mean to have compacts that are child focused and child sensitive. So we've come together, we have met with another 300 delegates in Berlin back in June at 12th and 13th of June during the Berlin Global Conference on Children on the Move where we discussed what the key issues are. We consulted on a document that we produced and we created what we would think we have now, it's a very constituency of actors that are able to work together to support children on the move and ensure that the global compacts are child sensitive. We have produced a working document that I would really much encourage you to have a look at at the back of the room. Our lines are the goals, the targets and the indicators that we think will make the global compacts child sensitive. I will not go through into details but please do have a look. They are suggesting of what concrete measures means when it comes to children and the follow up to that is to work together with many of you to ensure that this becomes translated into both compacts. So I'll leave it to this and I will open the floor to maybe a couple of interventions three with the also I'm also conscious that we might not have translation for all the time but please Japan please. Thank you very much for the excellent presentation especially like we heard the presentation made by council of Europe with focusing on the disaster risk reduction with high interest. Japan placed the great importance on the implementation of the Sendai framework for disaster risk reduction that was adopted into the Sendai conference in 2015. One of the targets in the framework is to reduce the numbers of affected people in the natural disaster in addition it prioritizes the Build Back Better approach which aims to enable community and people to overcome their vulnerabilities and as well as to prevent further displacement as they recover from the natural disasters. We believe that promoting this approach we enable us to build back more disaster in society. I thank you. Thank you. The floor is yours. I'm sure Michelle from the European Council has mentioned that there are agreements but all of them are government agreements. The question is what can the European Council give to the organizations and the members of the non-government group the work in the human sphere of agreements or the exchange of experiences with the non-government organizations. Thank you. Wonduras, I think we had and then United Kingdom. Thank you. I digna. Asimismo, Wonduras mantiene un acuerdo vigente con la organización de niños con necesidad de defensa kind que proporciona representación legal a niñas, niños y adolescentes con destino hacia los estados unidos. Necesitamos que nuestrasas politicas migratorias existentes tengan una gobernancia una gobernancia mas aplicativa y enharmonia i respeto con las situaciones propias de cada estado para encontrar mejores puntos de coincidencia. Es importante contribuir a que los migrantes puedan sobreponerse ante situaciones adversas. Esto requiere también una voluntad humanitaria ya que la carencia de esta contribuya el incremento de mas situaciones de vulnerabilidad. Gracias. Thank you. United Kingdom. I just wanted to very briefly respond to the point made by medicine demand in the UK under our data protection act health professionals are under no obligation at all to share data about patients with any other government agency. As I said yesterday from the panel we will take vulnerability first including on the health front so there's a firewall there. Thanks very much. So I will draw this to a closing and thank you to all panellists and to everyone for their intervention. Thank you.