 ज़़लग लग़ सेक्ष्टार, एंगा आप तच्वाद हो तच्वादाji के और िवयाद लग़ मेंगाद करेद. आप सिए भी तच्वादा करोटी मी कुच्चच्च्च्च कती, आप सी विन तच्च्चच्च्च्च्च्च्च्च्चच्च्च उगर देखी thanlara, ख़ाद़, आंपी शो acad, ख़ाद़ दिछि invis expenditure also ख़ाद़ न रोक हैं ख़ाद़ ख़ाद़ ok and would kill Girls ॆ औकια वोसल्चना из-गा〜ज़ सम ज़े वोद़ च memories थी बि़ सो को औई जा मुघर छ़ mins छो ऑरँत इस पार म एक पर 나온च़चि सवाats Vivna वुअऒ, इसरे नहीं हूना इसनने की आऐग वु�周 वुओ अगती लिक द। वुओ वओऊँ crystals ईसरे राठनहीं पूशनतี่ं कोontz ऋत वूओ वूओ खुजँapatuallyा राठन korkो ज rápido.abled, because this question alwaysRIght come one after another, year, that what are the differences between isackzual and sexual. So you can write these answer in point only single-parent is involved first point in ____ Under ________  credentials re浮 in ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ The third is that the cell division will take place by the process is known as mitotic division. And the fourth is that it is rapid means it does not take as much time as actually production takes. ज़ुड Tan खन्वेश्यागिया expenditures आप ज़ोग my நी जोड उगे लीविक वो Kaw 성 बाी खन्वेश्यागियागी कब बत Mad तो भी इसे थी से बगाता है, जो्हनग कि बगाता है. तो जो ता जगे वहदे का दिया चान्ट वर बखाता कि आजए ँई नहीं च्यान्तिशा वोज्सन करेंगगे पधा रफे ची वागता थी, आश्व्वेड़ एक छो लोगयर है तो देपावागता थी, और उभोग ख़ादोंते है, मृच्ठलग। शबकोग, तोगी च्माख। और छए 198' किball NYU' ती या। रहा Diamond- Strange. यह चैजे म dud and वो बहुऔ, वो बखोधॉझन, छिब ये। ुක් දීප වත අණශ ඪුරකි මයක� cascadeöංක් ඍඩ මඩ ඼තතුකක් මෙලට ක� Hurie market කසෑහ තිව eye තබා රැණයි ඔබ඾, ගේ්ල ඪ෬ ප්ත ගයකි ඥා මතෙේගරංය Born පමදරස මෙලා නි්රාභා मुस्विश्कट्ऒ़। वरीश्यन्गेया जीवेश्य साथंटा दीड्या। पक लग ख़द्र प्रजाह्ता है भी नहीं, अफ़ रहींटर्री ही पीचों, बिटर्रा मेंटर्ली है, तर लिए क्या चीषार के मेंटर्द करतेषर ही जरदों तने वोगा काई को थर्द पर रहीं आजी उंगा. यह ठूएट्टन अबने आंद of the chromosomes आंद देर त्रमसोम से थी यह वी चाहर से जवगते होगे लेए। और गोग आप प्र shreds from the mail एक वी करेक्टर से जवगते सेothesथ यह देरद गी। वो आप स्क्झेंस थेड्स हो ओध आप फ्च्टेछ् नहींस भेच හු ගොතා පුදඍි දබාරේ් මයාරේතා කුතාදි,ව තෙනටය, කාලාර කුනි, පමා� français මොේය, තෙන� ein෋ූහූම පැනක, තබාතාතාේයීමඩහාරා ංෙලාවන, Yout algae�ිය, අපි, කසය ඝාෂතානේ මඩ� रव of reproduction तो भाईबिलीपीजन तो मोडिक्जन से उफली भाईबिलीपीजन कोईग़ पीजन नाद, जे अश्पाउ लग ग़ ज़ अप क्रग इश्चद़ तो, बाईबिलीपीजन तो, विरा विज़न च़फ ज्यके उदफीजन ज़े फरी ज़द. आप बाग़ रव आप प वो आने बगई लाजा मुलिकु सी आन वाड पलने तरेवाद. बघ़िक बर्दballाब जीत है और वो वो आन वाड बगाद पेज्ज लिक. यह से बन आन औरनिजन क्या छोस क्तडेत है, आप वाड बगाद औरनिजन क्या और भी आसी अह्पात है आप भाझने थे। तो यह तब आनद कोो अगर नद मिपारी नद को पहले चोए वहते रिए वे लगे वो गुई चोए वोगा? पहले खाय ग स्प्य च्याशक, पहले गंश्यास कर बहुँन, यह पहले च्याशक बाट्कानिब प्रहटिट्गच कर पारी औीत्गीया. तो जोवा बी बा पारामिश्यम आप प्युग्लीना ना इल देल बीडी भी लिस तूटी देद भाद हैं। इल आप शुक्षो बी प्रुडक्ष्य। वाद, तो वाद, तो वाद यो तो जाएगराण रहा है, पर आप बीबा धी फादी ना, आप आब कुई न мест, जबasti टादीट को nightmareG amend on top of theная आयद, वist comes out. आप व� bone to write this is second off तुओवत दैएक सभायि औगते घंता लो़ली लगा 나ुयो एक निलनिठय सिय सेझा तुगा सहने है। तुआ remedies की निलनित्यं के तुवों काétat kishasika Lovelyu kaya kaya finasis priesttion तुखाई चानाउट यूकलिस हैव तुप में स होने मंदे पुक ळेल मेंगा एक अगते सिद्वीन है. जो और शवानन चवेल में धब जेजीवाद़ चलीणशार यो,दिना हाँग्या लिस सींखल हैं येख्या करोटी शीडोप्लाँ अग्गी शाएप चलीग वेगागी भाँगे प्रुष्धें चाएप वेगागी ख़ाम ख़ाम. आप वो वो प्रुष्धें चलीची हम दिन जिंगेद चार्विर आप नीवावों दिर जिसा प्रेवाशाश करिवाशाश। एक इल बचाज़त करे आप नीवांगी अख्झद भी करोषाश़ शोग वूए वो कोई यहाप यहद बजहँत फ्रत्त महाँमेगा! rencesiving. The first step is on Caryo-Kynases. 2nd is Cyto-Kynaesis. You will define Caryo and Cyto and then you will make this diagram. Then we will give an example. Then you will get the 5 marks. Okay? Any problem? Cyto-Kynaesis means divison of Cyto plus. Yeah, these are all things and then CRT and these are According to the Board Pattern. Now next. Next is the..., Pregummentation, ज़ोग of the four pieces will known as प्रगिवेंत. And each of the fragments have the tendency to grow into new individuals. But one important point that you have to remember that the fragmentation is very easy. And you can, everything can be determined by the word only fragment. Means the body will divide into small pieces. For example, 1, 2, 3, 4 pieces. Now each of the four pieces will known as fragment. गेकछितconnection process always takes place in unicellular. let me write here because it will be the more visible in it always takes place in unicellular organism, those organism which has only one cell. the best example is spice of dollar. now the question is that why it takes place in multicellular. so the answer is this that in multicellular आच्� you should remember that experimentation is not true for all multicellular organism. It always takes place in all multicellular organism. This is not possible for each and every cells for the entire moving of one organism. So, the product or inner body of the worthless organism that depends upon body into any organ. कुई काई ग़ा मुऽती पूड़ा जवेगोंगे नहीं वोई चर्व होगभा। यह कुई वोगिनितट गर्दार्ष औरई बोगभा atlaki. वोगिनितट तो कुई बवाग़ा क्या जा्यी कहई च्रीट तो लाव्टी आँगउग. अगे ज़न्रेशन मेर्वीशाँ फोडी। अगनीदर्म स्टैद प्लनईद्या योग लग़््रा क्या आद्रेया is a is from the animal kingdom you studied in class 9, let me revise you in planaria.nerd is by their existence what it will do,.. it'll reproduce itself, by the asexual methods that is.. re generation. In this it will no says cut into two to three pieces each of the park will grow and they will become Estoy and not they will form their own.. reproduction process. Okay? And the process in which see the difference between the fragmentation and what is in regeneration, that in respect toiggle तो तम नछ़ें सेचे पर लग्एस युनी सेचे परभ्गी तो तुयों तुयें वेग � bits, don't forget the example. For example, everybody always take case in Heroine Calendar. This important thing you have to discuss. Don�t forget the example. It will be there. We will discuss Buddy right? Buddy is the process in which. ज़त रविन्रो FARME आपने यहसे � oweoses cobra ? तरना क्या एक से तोस्ती काईसमग. और दिनना plana plana plana तुत इर्दि येर is निए प्र मूल रहम म failing प्र मूल भी रहम अने पूँएस dah YouTube वैछ वाद भी बvolume अना їं करना वेछ तो उस चान थो भी तो आर्ग़ कर दर वो ने थह में व Mutter There다면워요। दिन तेमार क२स rationale करिण कूलने व ली Bloomberg कोर मुझे बका से गrés भट करिण करिण थी। बा� Здесь, there is the चौँजिज्ईली उध़ार्वालोगीज्ईली आप खुटाझीग की पूँत गर जोगना. जाँटिच्ईली ओर आप खुटाच्ईली या वाश्चाने तेफाजँ लिकचाते अप गर ऱदेट़े कीप मोडित. अप सो दर योंगे वारीशाते की पूँत कर रहते हा? ॐengineer, its right, its right, shouldn't cook, if it's an egg, whether it is muddy, whether it is for formation, whether it is vegetative propagation or it is binary Tý Nazis okay, or just remember and keep it in your mind Mayas ॐmy cnrm ॐand at the top, here is a circular knob-like structure that is known as ॐsporenzeum ॐsee this is ॐsporenzeum when it will burst out by the help of external agents like air, water, तो ही पर доллар क्यिश यहा, राएमौरो तानाश, सैस्नेक, तेश्काON chances astronaut,vana, ती तश्व consisting using spricht, तṣव स کے Proper पर जात कररीठ स साईन, त Monroe अमै of prosturating, Stir सoc Brazilian water वही प за Maurice, जात करनेची समथ रह理, जात debug ती अरच दीा, तो भोकील Thank you... the structure will come out that are known as spores and then the space will fall on the land they will develop into the new individual So, this is the one of the best method for the rigidopus that is a kind of bread mould it always takes place in multi-cellular organism thread like structure is observed these are all thread like structure that are known as YV तो this is what the mycelium and hytia are the part of the fungus mycelium is the collection here and hytia is the thread like structure Okay, always the question come that what is the mode of reproduction in bread mode or rhizopus if you have to note book why if you write down also rhizopus is known as bread mode that is the formal name now we have done with asexual reproduction moving towards sexual reproduction but before sexual reproduction I want to tell you one more thing when we are studying about body we studied about binary fission and multiple fission binary fission I told you multiple fission let us also study that what it is so that if it comes in example it should not be that you don't know see multiple fission is one of that fission that always takes place in unfavorable conditions favorable condition is binary and unfavorable is multiple in multiple fission what will happen suppose this is amoeba so amoeba is bacteria see in multiple fission if there is bacteria it will develop a protective layer that is known as cyst and when all the nucleus here it will go continue as disease and disease and disease and means what is happening carry or kinase is taking place as soon as the condition will become favorable this cyst will break down and all of these nucleus will come outside and around all of the nucleus there will be a small quantity of cytoplasm if we consider the case of amoeba as we are knowing that one amoeba was giving birth to two amoeba, two daughter amoeba and one this again this one amoeba will be birthed to two daughter amoeba and this will also be birthed to two daughter amoeba see if we consider from top this is parent and this is daughter cells so one parent is giving birth here two daughter amoeba but in the last step one parent is giving birth to four daughter amoeba so that is known as multiple fission ok so if it comes in exam then you should know normally binary fission coming in exam most of the time but you should know about the multiple fission also now the next method of reproduction that we are going to start is sexual reproduction sexual reproduction is considered better type of reproduction over the asexual reproduction the reason is that there is variation and where there is variation there is more chances of survival so first of all why the sexual mode variation is observed there will be two type of gamete you know the symbol male is written by this and female is somebody is writing about mutation first of all everybody please mute your mic mutation is a kind of sudden change in the genetic expression mutation is not a normal process ok now this is the symbol of male and this is the symbol of female there will be formation of male gamete in sexual reproduction and there will be formation of female gamete the male gamete will be motile because it has a small tail like structure and the female gamete is non motile and it is reservoir of the food and it will give nutrition so when this male gamete will combine with female gamete it will form gynecology this male gamete is haploid means n the number of chromosome this female gamete that is ova it is also haploid that is n by the combination everybody know the addition it will become 2n and the 2n is known as diploid and the gynecology nature is diploid ok so what you have studied in sexual reproduction variation is observed there is formation of two types of gamete male gamete and female gamete who is disturbing the class everybody please keep your mic mute and just simply message don't disturb the class second point is that there is formation of two type of gamete male gamete and female gamete the process by which the gamete is getting formed is known as gametogenesis gametogenesis means formation of gamete now this both gamete will combine with each other and they will form gynecology this process is known as fertilization in next slide after one to two slides we will discuss in detail also what is fertilization and what is double fertilization ok now the things which you have to remember that male gamete is form excuse me mom hmm say I can listen you boys yeah mom Shreyas has a doubt in the chat box can you please clarify it for him thank you what is the message Shreyas has a doubt wait need to clear all the doubt in the last so that there will be no problem but where is my doubt where is the doubt mom is asking little bit more up mom mom is asking little bit more up mom little bit more up mom yeah variation will be less for the same reason for which reason mutation one see if you are talking about mutation so mutation is not a part of sexual and asexual reproduction first of all mutation is a kind of disorder in which there is sudden change in the gene expression simply if you are suffering from the cancer in that case onpo gene is getting mutated it is present in everybody body it is in the inactive form but if you will simply poke that gene and you will have some drinking and if you are taking some carcinogenic substances you are disturbing your lifestyle in that case there will be mutation in the onpo gene and it will become active so there is nothing no relation between mutation and asexual reproduction first of all okay and we will discuss all these things but in the last but first of all let us focus here next is sexual reproduction in flowering plants and by seeing this plant only you can tell me the name what is the name of the flower please everybody write in the chat box I hope you know the answer he discuss very good what is the other name of he discuss common name somebody is writing flower it is a flower only yeah good china rose see china rose both are same this is one of the best example who study about sexual reproduction because it is bisexual I am using this term only in case of flower the flower in which there is both sex male as well as female but if we talk about organism those organism which have male as well as female in that case we will use the term hermaphrodile okay so now this is the flower having both male and female part that is known as bisexual so first of all here first part that is known as A you can see A part this one is known as saples or calyx they are green in color they contain chlorophyll their function is to perform photosynthesis B part is colorful and is covering the internal parts see this B part that is known as pettles or we can say karola is colorful they have basically function first is that they are so much colorful that they will attract the insect for the process of pollination we will discuss pollination also after this slide and the second function of the pettles is that they will cover the internal reproductive parts next is C in order to get about C first of all we should know about E and F see this one structure is known as this is known as n thal and it is connected to a stuff like structure and drawing it here so that it becomes clear this is known as n thal and this is connected to a stuff like structure that is known as philament philament and this whole structure collectively known as stamina or you can say atrociousness this is male reproductive part now after that there is G and H G is stigma style ovary inside ovary there is ovule this stigma style ovary will known as carpal or gynautium it is also named as crystal in some books also written so don't get confused this is the female reproductive part next inside ovary there is lobule like structure that is known as ovule in next slide we will study about the structure of the ovule ovary and then what is happening about this pollution and how the process is going to continue see what are the events that takes place in reproduction in a bisexual flower first of all this diagram is already given in your ncrt book most student who are from other board this is the basic diagram that is given in the book this is pollen grains this is stigma stigma is very much sticky nature why it is sticky because simply it has to receive all the pollen grains after that this tube like structure is this style and there is one swollen part that is known as ovary inside ovary there is ovule so first step is that pollen needs to be transferred from ncr to stigma of a flower this process is known as pollination pollination means that transfer of pollen grains from ncr this is known as stemming hole this is ncr and this is filament in order to study this let me open this white hole then it will become more clear see this is known as ncr here now ncr is looking like biode but it is having total 4 lobes 4, 2 is biode that is not visible if you simply see like this it will like this this is filament when ncr will be striped by some external agents like air or water it will get rupture and when it will rupture there is secretion of some ball ball like structure small force like structure that is known as pollen grains and now these pollen grains needs to be transferred from this ncr to the stigma of a flower and this process is known as pollination the transfer of pollen grains from ncr to stigma or within a flower or to the flower that is present in the same plant then that kind of pollination will become self-pollination if the flower that is doing pollination please ncr is from another flower of the another plant and stigma is of the another flower that is present on the another plant then the pollination will become cross pollination always one question comes regarding pollination सॊरादींी पस्सकिछार की लोगकी कर Bertie's note नवर्स्यका करोई, औरम्मोंझी Gerry वे शूँता से य caused by Kapo विन्ड कaczego लगकी विन्झी कRNA विन्ड क्ther carefully अऌ़की goosebumps नवतउ हानRednerwechsel नवेंस हि� purpose शिक � gerçekten विन्ड ह pregunta विन्ड लोग करोई zuk karu the most- store of the chapter and its confuse in that交 life your own joint party if the collusion is getting placed more means taking place by animal that is move easily one thing is one more I want to add is that if it is taking place by the help of insect then it is known as anti move me no reins of science that deals with the study of insects तो मुक्री साख nuest�म यहाच तो मुक्रे हम देा two नहीं , अपना APIs~~ पासच्व दिवद योंगी आप सब आप पूब़। नोजोन प्यट कूल नाएग बासच्व़। श को फरूझ़ बोद। बासच्व़ होँख की ब्योड न ख्यान्ग्रेंटां सुमाद। और सींथ काईस ती बासका मैंगिए रेएग. n haltiheen yukhti yukhti yukhti yukhti yukhti ۑਸਸ� ڧ� wellbeing ۑๅ ېźniej ۓญ ے།ๅ ۜ༆ ۑ༆༆ ۑ༆ ے༆ ۜ༆ ۝༆ ۑ༆ ۛ༆ ۑ༆ ۜ༆ ۝༆ ۖ༆ ې nadzie༆ ۖ༆ ۖ༆ ۄ ۪༆ ۪༆ ۙ༆ ۼ༆ ے༅ ۣ༆ ۜ༆ ۯ༆ ۪༆ ۜ༆ ە ۔.༅ ۚ༆ ۗ༆ ۙ༆ वम लिखोद लग़ा मेंगा बरखेच मेंगा लेगेदा लाग़ा लेगा़ा मेंगा ल Martinez आप खयां तो देरों लगतां देखा जासर्विध. विएउ ब्या रई देखा है च्या और मवील टोमान है, विछग नागस बाज़। तुब लगते है। उनहींले, पकटेंगे लीगर आपसा,नो अगर है, बचलोगा वाख्गे, अजऩ्ेटिन जऩ्ेडिन यूगर आप खुछ तो आप बफेद कोचा वन साझ अजऩ्ेडिन जऩ्ेडिन यूगर आपपचा, तब भूए यो ज्या मंगर ताःते खिर्ज housekeeping � quant back तब उक्रिय牛 तब तब तब उक्रिय तब उक् सी कित पर अयज्गं कीकितित當然 यощन ज्ग्सूपृ जूषूई मेल नुक्लियाई तुब नुक्लियाई is now getting de-generated because it is helping in the formation of pollen tube what will happen towards this stigma let us consider, let me make some more neat and clean diagram this is the pollen tube this pollen tube is consisting is form nuclei here for this swollen portion is known as ovary inside ovary there is ovule ovule contains three structure here and then three cell structure here and in between there is polar nuclei always remember that the polar nuclei is in two nucleus this is deployed in nature this structure is this is polar nuclei, egg cell and synergics these two are synergics and these all are antipoders so out of this structure only this polar nuclei is going to do the fertilization process and this egg cell is going to do the process of fertilization so in order to study how the fertilization process will take place see, now how many male nuclei was there two, one male nuclei is having chromosome number one n and another is also having one n this is the case of male this is the case of female, there was one polar nuclei but polar nuclei was containing two nucleus it becomes deployed and there was one egg cell that I told you and instead of these the antipoders and synergists they are simply called the support they will not perform any function and after fertilization they will get regenerate this egg cell is haploid in nature one of the male let me write here sperm cells one of the male nuclei will fuse with the two n and one of the male nuclei will fuse with the n this is male gamete male gamete one n is getting fuse with the female gamete what it will become? two n two n is known as deployed that is gygo this is known as fertilization fertilization means the fusion of male and female gamete to form gygo now let us see the story of the second sperm nuclei see this is one n what it will combine with two n three n means it is triploid in nature and the structure is known as from where this sound is coming can everybody listen structure is known as andome sperm andome sperm is triploid in nature and it is a nutritive and nourishment giving tissue to the gygo now somebody was asking me about triple fusion so this is triple fusion this second step sperm nuclei will fuse with the polar nuclei of the male so that there is formation of triploid ando sperm is known as triple fusion and the first step in which simple there was there was reaction between or combination of one male gamete fuse with another female gamete so that two n is formed that is gygo that is simply known as fertilization so how many times total fertilization is takes place this is first step and this is also kind of fertilization what is the general meaning of fertilization fertilization means fusion of male gamete with female gamete so here is also fusion takes place so the fusion of male and female gamete is taking place two times means fertilization is taking place two times in this process that is known as double fertilization in first step there is simple fertilization and in second step there is triple fusion and this simple fertilization and triple fusion will combine the form double fertilization this is the whole story fertilization i also told see the diagram is once again mentioned here i explained you this is pollen tube or pollen grain this layer is known as exine and this layer is known as in time this is generating nucleus this is tube nucleus one male gamete plus H cell will make gygo this is the simple fertilization that is known as first fertilization again fertilization one male gamete fuse with two pollen nuclei that will form ando sperm ando sperm what is always remember this form will give continuous nutrition and the nourishment to the developing embryo or to the developing gygo this is known as triple fusion because how many qti are getting used 2 plus 1 3 and this is 1 plus 1 only 2 and these both step combined they are known as double fertilization can you listen to my words please class once again in the chat box can you understood whatever is going in the class simply just sitting and listening see now fertilization is over story of fertilization is over now we can see that what will happen in post fertilization post fertilization is after fertilization after fertilization the pattern will fall off the ovary see this part was ovary now this was still my style ovary and inside ovary there was ovule so this ovule will be converted into fruit and this ovule will be converted into seed this portion is also sometimes coming in the exam that he mentioned the post fertilization event obviously they will not say these means mention the post fertilization events simply you have to first you will write patterns and samples will fall off and ovule will be converted into fruit and ovule will be converted into seed very easy this is there is no problem i think next now after this we will discuss about reproduction in human being everybody know that reproduction that takes place in human being is sexual reproduction because there is formation of male and female gamete the male gamete is known as sporm and the female gamete is known as ova as we already discussed that the male sporm that is gamete is motile and the ov is non-motile why sporm is motile because it has a small tail like structure see there is one term that is puberty puberty is that period of time in an individual when the person is going to attain sexual maturity if we talk about sexual maturity sexual maturity means the person is growing certain organs certain changes in their body that will help to find them that they are getting mature for the process of reproduction so in future they can do the process of reproduction puberty is that age that period of time which will help the adolescent to get to know that they are getting sexually mature depressed between puberty and adolescence is that adolescence is the age that is between 13 to 19 adolescence means simple they will tell you about the age factor means 13 to 19 you will do as adolescence those who know easily know that is known as ishora astha the age of your group 13 to 19 but if we talk about some changes that is happening in this age group means if we talk about sexual changes not any changes if we are studying this chapter reproduction so if we observe any sexual change in the adolescent age that is known as puberty understood someone trace i think was asking this question have you understood if you understood please say yes see this is simply the age and if you are if we are talking about a sexual maturity that is that known as puberty so here is one diagram see estrogen and testosterone very easy testosterone is released by testes testes is a male reproductive organ the function of testes is let me write it down here also when i am explaining it so that it becomes clear see testes is a male reproductive organ for male i am making this sign and ovary is a female reproductive organ so testes will do two function first it will help in the formation of sperm second it will release testosterone hormone that is given here now by the help of testosterone there are certain changes that are taking place in boys that is body hair grows there will be development of hair on the different region of your body your voice will become heavy it will break it will looks like a mature voice muscle will grow muscle growth increases obviously your shoulders will become more dominant and you can say moustache and beard will come on your face simply ovary ovary will also do its two function it will release ovary production and second it will release the hormone that is known as progesterone and estrogen due to estrogen there will be some changes in the female body that will help to identify them that they are moving towards puberty they are going to be mature for reproduction the thing is there will be development of breast pubic hair growth means there will be development of hair in different parts of the body like under arms armpit wide hips and wide hips develop and there is no change in the voice ok so these are the important thing and one more thing I want to tell you student that these changes that are coming due to estrogen in female and testosterone in male they are also known as secondary sexual characteristic in books its written and sometimes most of them become confused that what is primary sexual characteristic and what is secondary sexual characteristic in secondary sexual characteristic you will have these changes in your body and what will is primary sexual characteristic in primary the male will release sperm and the female will release ovary so this the release of sperm and ovary is primary and development or changes in the body that takes place during puberty is secondary is it clear I hope its become clear ok so let us move towards another slide male reproductive system female reproductive system out of these male and female pukka surely one will come in if they are they will ask you to make the diagram or simply they will make the diagram and we have to label the parts and tell about the function here is the diagram ok first of all let us study what is male reproductive system if it is a system it means it is a collection of certain organs or certain things as you already studied about new digestive system then respiratory system every system contains some organs or some parts similarly male reproductive system will also consist the portion it will contain some parts that will help in the formation of the germ cells now you will ask that what is germ cells so germ cells is nothing they are simply the sperm ok the cells that will help in the process of reproduction ok I will clear the doubt please collect your doubt and at last I will clear everybody doubt ok so first is what is the male reproductive system tell me doubt please write david can you listen to me why simply you ask those questions which I am going to explain in the next slide see I will tell you about tubectomy and vasectomy they do not get to mean so impatient when we will study about reproductive health then we will study about this vasectomy and then vas difference and what these all these ok first let us study about the structure and then we will study about the reproductive health and you clear all your doubts dont worry see male reproductive system contains a pair of testes testes will be in pair if you want to see the diagram so that it will become more easy to learn this this pink shape structure wait let me choose this one see this pink shape structure one and here is one more that is two this is known as a pair of testes next part is mentioned second is ducs ducs can be of three types if it is time is vas difference or the sperm ducs and the third is urethra see urethra is simply a common that will found in the urethra system also third is glands there are different types of glands that will secrete some secretion that will help in the motility of this form glands will release some secretion that will help the sperm to move next is acculatory organ that is called penis by the help of penis only all this one will come outside of the reproductive organ ok so one by one we will study about the function see testes as I told you in the previous slide also testes function is to produce male gamet that is sperm and the second is it will release a hormone that is testosterone next attached to each testes is a highly quiet tube like structure that is known as epidiamis this tube like structure is known as epidiamis this over the testes the main function of epidiamis is that it will give protection to the cushion shaped testes they will help in the temperature see whatever doubt is do you all have kids I will mention I will clear it at the end first let us study the structure and function this first complete this structure then I will clear your doubt because if I will clear your doubt without telling to the structure and function it does not make any sense this epidiamis their function is that they will give proper temperature to these testes so that the sperm that is present inside the testes does not get inactivated ok this is the main function next last difference you know that is passage for sperms in the male body this you can say this is a tube like structure means this is testes sperm that sperm will come out from here it is a kind of passage by the help of vast difference it will come here in the urethra urethra is common for the release of a sperm as well as common for the release of urein it is written here also it is the common passage for both semen and urein now what is semen semen is a you can say it is a fluid that contain sperm and some chemicals the chemicals are present in semen along with the sperm that will allow the sperms to more time to make it more you can say that it will help in the maximum movement of the sperm so the combination of the sperm and the chemical is known as semen next is penis this part it is given in the diagram this is known as penis penis is the only organ by which all the sperm that is coming from the testes here to here it will come outside of the body and it can enters inside the female body for the process of production here one word is mentioned that it is always supplied with blood vessels every living part is supplied with continuous blood vessels because the blood will act as a medium that will give the continuous hormones and enzymes of semen and the proteins all the things to these so that the sperms can generate more and more because the sperms also kind of sell and that are living and similarly we can also see the female reproductive system in female reproductive system is few things are similar for example in male there was a pair of testes and in female there is a pair of ovary can you see this small structure means rounded structure first point is here it is written fallopian tube about fallopian tube see this fallopian tube is a tube like structure but at the end of this fallopian tube there is some finger like structure so this is known as spring break please see the diagram carefully learn how I am labeling the diagram that is most important see how to make the arrows it should be neat and clean because in exam the diagram contains maximum marks so you can score well in exam by the help of diagram also and the labeling should also be correct please focus on that that is coming very important Suthi wanted you to repeat the temperature regulation in the male reproductive system I will repeat you in the last ok let us study first female reproductive system there is nothing like temperature regulation is very simple the sperm needs some degree of temperature that somebody has asked me also that what is the this way I will discuss in the later but first complete this because if we have done male female is also somewhat similar to it so don't break it I will tell you all the answers don't panic next this is finger like structure is known as spring break but the spring break is attached to the ovary this ovary what is the function of ovary there is one pair of ovary always remember inside one ovary there will be formation of ovary and in next month in the next ovary there will be formation of another ovary one by one there will be formation of ovary the formation of ovary takes place in the immature baby also is baby girl but it will not she is not able to do reproduction that's why it's baby girl reactivated next is cervix cervix we can see third part this part is known as cervix lower to the uterus fourth is uterus this part where there is implantation means there will be this ovary will come out in the fallopian tube if there is sperm coming inside vagina this fifth part is known as vagina this is a canal like structure that is birth canal it is sperm is coming inside and this sperm is coming here and from here see sperm I am making like this the ovary is also coming here they will fuse with each other fertilization will take place and that is known as gygoat gygoat will come inside the uterus and it will get attached to the wall of the uterus that is the wall of the uterus is known as endometrium and the process by which the gygoat will get attached to the wall of uterus or the process in which the gygoats get attached to the endometrium is known as implantation this version last year not last year in the process it came for ICSC and in CBSC also it comes that what is implantation to remember this that the process of attachment of gygoat towards the endometrium or to the uterine wall is known as implantation this is the simple structure of the female reproductive system everything is mentioned in the slide if the class gets over please try to make the diagram and practice it implantation again what mom can you define implantation again see implantation whose mic is on still some voice is coming please let us switch off your mute your mic implantation is the process should I write it down you want to copy it implantation is the process in which the gygoat attached to the uterine wall or endometrium clear okay now next let us study each and every function in order to understand about the function once again I have copied this diagram here see first fallopian tube this is fallopian tube there are two fallopian tubes each fallopian tube is attached to each ovary the end line close to the ovary has vigour like structure this vigour like structure is somewhat looking like a vilae but it is not vilae it is pimbre the two fallopian tubes unites to 4 man elastic tubes this fallopian tube will come here this will come here and then it will form uterus okay in hindi it is known as bachidani if those who know hindi they can also understand those who do not know that is also fine that it is simply known as uterus function what is the function it is tube like obviously it is going to provide passage site of fertilization of male and female gamete the ovary is releasing over that will also come by the help of fallopian tube and here will be the fertilization process transport the egg from the ovary to the uterus now this egg over is coming here it is getting fertilized and then from here the gygo will come in the uterus by the help of this fallopian tube and when it will come in the uterus and attached to the endometria or to the interine wall it will known as tell me class please write down the chat box at least try to answer my question also i am answering your question i know that i am not seeing so many questions whatever you are asking but simply i am whatever i am seeing i am asking no not vagina but this is vagina what is this this is the uterus next is ovary the ovary is an organ found in the female reproductive system that produces ovum and ovum both are same the ovary function is that it will release over as well as it will release to harm that is estrogen and progesterone now a question can arise in your mind that i already told you about estrogen that estrogen is responsible for making secondary sexual characteristic that is the development of breast menstrual cycle will come and development of hair in different parts of the body then when progesterone is released so always remember progesterone is released during the time of pregnancy in female this hormone is released at the time of pregnancy next cervix third part this is the point the narrow like structure the narrow end of the uterus is known as cervix it is very simple uterus is a hollow muscular organ it is somewhat you can say this is B shaped structure in female pelvis that is between the bladder and the rectum in simple language if the question comes in exam what is uterus the uterus is a hollow muscular organ where the implantation process takes place implantation is the key word always remember implantation implantation means attachment of the gygoat means embryo that is for getting form gygoat will convert into embryo everybody who embryo genesis will take place and then it will attach at the wall of the uterus that is known as implantation so this will be the definition for the uterus next is function the same thing the embryo formed in the calopian tubes comes down and get attached to the endometrium see somebody was asking the definition of implantation is mentioned here implantation and develops for the next 9 months till the baby is delivered ok it means in the uterus the fetus development will takes place fifth is vagina vagina is similar to penis as it was in male reproductive system simply the outer part of the female reproductive system vagina that opens through the cervix means after cervix any part is coming this is cervix and this is your vagina next now placenta one important term from placenta placenta is a connection between the mother and the fetus now what is fetus the child that is present in the mother we will not call it child or kid we will simply say fetus the fetus is getting attached to the mother body means the connection between the maternal tissue and the fetus known as placenta by the help of this placenta only there will be continuous nutrition as well as nourishment given to the fetus why because this placenta is containing blood we want to know the structure suppose if this is the structure of fetus this is the whole mother ok so here will be a tube like structure like this this is known as placenta this placenta is attached to the maternal tissue maternal tissue means mother body tissue and in between the fetus there will be circulation of blood from mother to fetus this blood will bring oxygen, nutrition, enzymes, hormones proteins, vitamins everything for the fetus and the fetus will take oxygen and it will release carbon dioxide and it will also release some waste material and these waste material as well as this respiratory waste gas that will move from the fetus towards the mother body means for expiration by the help of this placenta so whenever the fetus is in the mother wounds it drink the mother milk simply you can understand by this way also that will be more easy because by the help of blood only it will get total nutrition as well as nourishment next are trees and weaves are present in the placenta but they are very fine they are not much clearly visible they are not fully developed also because it's for 9 month only next is menstruation next book is written as menstrual cycle menstrual cycle is a cycle that every female get after every 28 days the menstrual cycle is simply the unfertilized ovum now what is the meaning of unfertilized fertilized ovum means when the ovum gets combined with the sperm then it will form gyro if the ovum is not getting this form then in that ovum becomes unfertilized and every month every female is releasing one ovum so every time if they are not getting this form obviously then that will remain unfertilized and in that case this unfertilized ovum get rupture that get degenerate and it comes out of the vagina in the form of blood that is known as menstrual cycle the duration is normal of 28 days when this menstrual cycle begins that is known as vina that is of the age 14 to 15 is the normal age but nowadays it has been the survey has been done and it has been found that it has started in 3 days and girls at the age of 12 also menstruation means when the menstrual cycle gets over it will not come again and again that means it will get pause that is mean of pause as it is clear by the name see you can understand pause means stop that is known as the menstrual cycle is getting stop that is known as manual pause so menstrual cycle is one of the secondary sexual characteristics if there the menstrual cycle is getting stop again is getting manual pause means now she can't do the process of fertilization and she can't be pregnant the age is 45 to 50 years but previously it was only 50 years but as I told you in case of vinaage vinaage is getting at the age of 12 and 13 nowadays similarly manual pause is also getting at the age of 45 understood do the polar bodies come with menstrual discharge or pre menstrual discharge which polar bodies please clarify which type of polar bodies polar bodies we studied in flower if you remember that was the structure of ovule next is reproductive see if there is primary ovule everything will come out because simply the ovum is coming out so we think that is going to be the part of reproduction will come out in the form of menstrual cycle menstrual cycle is the healthy sign of the healthy reproductive structure now after studying different structure and function we should also know about the health that is related to it reproductive health it's very important to know that your reproductive organs are healthy or not if there is any problem so that you can consult the doctor and you should be aware that's why this chapter is in your syllabus because you are good enough to know about these things you should be aware see sexually transmitted disease means the disease is transferred by the process of intercourse it can be bacterial as well as it can be viral also bacterial infection cause garruria and cycles these are the two basic and the most common diseases nowadays and viral disease is HIV AIDS and VARS this question come in short answer remember name two sexually transmitted bacterial disease garruria and cycles name two sexually transmitted viral disease that is VARS and HIV AIDS now in order to get rid of these disease or you have listened the word prevention is better than cure what are the process what are the methods by which one can be get rid of these sexually transmitted disease first there are so many methods see first is use of condoms prevent these to some extent contraception see these two points simply I write down here because the question come in exam they will ask that give any two methods if the question is coming give any two methods simply that is two marks question so simply you can write these two point okay and if the question is coming long answer type then you can write this method physical chemical let me show you physical chemical IUCD and surgical method this whole portion will come in by marks question and it is very important for you to remember let us study one by one first method of contraception is physical barrier physical barrier means something that will not allow the union of the sperm and the egg it can be condoms cervical caps and diaphragm condoms are used by male cervical caps and diaphragm are used by female next is chemical method chemical method is simply by taking medicine or you can say chemical pills oral pills some names are also mentioned few books like Maladi and Saheli these are chemical methods oral pills by the help of which there are some hormone will release inside the body there will be some disbalance in the hormone and the body of the female will not release the eggs when there will be no eggs then there is no chances of fertilization but this method has so many side effects that is good for the health of your users also next method is IUCD intra-luterine contraceptive device some device has been inserted by the sejadians and doctors and gynecologist so that the sperm if it is coming inside the vagina or uterus of the female it will not use with the over best example is copper T the structure is somewhat like this copper T like structure is inserted and this is one of the IUCD intra-luterine contraceptive device cancer can be side effect also because there is any injury even in IUCD there is any kind of injury inside the uterus and if it does not get healed up it will produce cancer and second is that if the eggs are not getting released by the help of this oral pills and the day when person is stop using this oral pills there are chances that still eggs does not get released because if we will disturb our hormones there will be certain side effects everybody knows that if we will play with our hormones or if there is certain drastic changes in the body regarding hormones there are some side effects next is surgical method surgical method means fitted to surgery what you will do simply once somebody was asking now what is vasectomy now here is the answer see vas difference was the part of male reproductive organ fallopian tube was the part of female reproductive organ when vas difference are cut and tie up means there is blocked sorry some blockage is produced then the process is known as vasectomy similarly it means fallopian tube is cut and it is tied up and it is getting blocked so what will happen from ovary what is this suppose if fallopian tube is blocked then the ovary that is releasing over it can't come please don't open your video class is getting disturbed so fallopian tube if it is cut down the ovary that is releasing over it will not get the passage to transfer and it will remain in the ovary only and similarly if fallopian tube is blocked then the test tube that is releasing is blocked they will also not get any passage and when they will not get any passage then they will not going to move so simply they will remain at the same place so the process is known as vasectomy and tubic this is a permanent method for avoiding the this as well as best contraception so that there is no any chances of reproductive problem mom so do the sperm live or do they die and they are given out through urine or something no no no simply what will happen the sperm that are getting produced when they will not get the way simply they will become inactivated see the sperm is having small small tail if you remember that I know trying to swim but if they will not get the passage due to extra pressure and extra heat they will be inactivated and then there will be less secretion of the sperm understood this is the entire process see now we have completed this somebody can read his smiley also how to discuss a question that how the questions are coming in board and how have to write no no one point is left that is female see everybody know female 40 side female 40 side means son the penis is killed inside the mother room only parents used to go and get to know of the sex of the child that she is male or female if she is female then they used to do the 40 side as you observed in the case of Haryana and if this thing carries out there will be certain disturbance in the sex ratio in the society and obviously there will be the larger number of male and lesser number of females and then there will be problem because for a balance in government for a balance surrounding there should be balance number of male and female and this is illegal also prenatal sex determination is illegal now we will move towards previous year questions who is saying why obviously it is illegal now next previous year questions first is few questions that are short answer I will tell you how to write year only and those who are last I will make you say the things which I explained you in the PPT only those type only that is the see I have made you know how to write fertilization what is important question comes that these are those questions are going to repeat again and again because the whole syllabus contain this much only nothing is going to come outside of this so don't worry leave that first is name of plants that are grown by vegetative propagation now everybody please write your answer in your share box stop doing discussion who is saying I have told you the vegetative propagation takes place those plants which are seedless simply you have to write answer like this first is banana someone is telling wood and second is simple your favorite plant most of your students do this will be the answer for question number 1 second what is reproduction what is reproduction I was screaming when I was telling this see first you have to write always make sure that your writing should be neat and clean so that the examiner can understand what you are writing reproduction is a process by which living organisms always write the answer in 2 lines 2 to 3 lines for example if it has been that what is reproduction 2 to 3 lines are sufficient to write the answers you don't have to create the stories are to produce young ones instead of young ones you can also use now the second part of the question is asking explain 2 advantages of sexual reproduction over a sexual reproduction so how you will explain advantages first you will write the small heading advantages of sexual reproduction I think you can continue this from the question only advantages of sexual reproduction over a sexual reproduction this you can write now how many points you have to mention 2 points only mention 2 points and always remember the point that is important try to write the answer first only first is variation variations are observed because you have to explain also that why variation is observed because it involves fusion of male now in exam don't use symbol as I was using in explaining you the ppt please don't use symbol it involves fusion of male and female second advantage is that offspring produced genetically morphologically similar there will be some changes see I will tell you one more point so that if you in exam you skip one of the point or you forget one point so you have one more point so that you can add two points always takes place in slow manner so you have to write answer two differences between pollination and fertilization pollination and fertilization pollination in you write simply the transfer of pollen grains let me write this answer because if I will say you will not get clear the question is what difference between pollination and fertilization simply first of all you will put one heading pollination now you will start writing the transfer make proper is based between two words pollen and grain should be separated some students collective these are two different words the transfer of pollen grains from flower nation now there is no need of simply telling about the types if you are adding it you are not adding it then also your marks is not going to be deducted because the question is about pollination next about fertilization once again you should make one heading fertilization the fusion here also you will not use the symbol the fusion of maize gametes to produce instead of produce also write the word form a jai root called fertilization ok always if the question is asked in terms of differences simply you have to make one heading describe that part only that much that is required and then you have to tell about the fertilization next name any two sexually transmitted diseases cause due to viral infection everybody please write in the chat box about this answer sexually transmitted disease viral infection HIV and one more words very good in AIDS AIDS and words always whenever in AIDS you have to write everything AIDS should be capital N-Poma-W-A-R-T-S words this is two marks question it came in 2008 now explain the terms in plantation plus end up what is the average duration of human pregnancy most of the time everybody write 9 months but that is not correct simply you have to write 280 days ok remember this keep it in your mind exact average pregnancy is 280 days next implantation I told you the process of attachment of the a jai root to the intrauterine wall or to the endometrium is known as implantation next is placenta placenta is the connection between the maternal tissue and the baby placenta is responsible for giving nutrition and nourishment to the developing fetus understood say yes or no reply in the chat box ok now why is DNA copying is an essential DNA copying is an essential part of the process of production because when the DNA gets replicated it forms another DNA that is needed to be incorporated into the cells next is list any four methods of contraception used by humans what are the methods discussed in the previous slide also how do they they are used to have a direct effect of health and prosperity of a family see this part of the question is already mentioned here in four point you will write this physical barrier then this is chemical methods intrauterine contraceptive device and this is surgical method this four you have to write if the question is in long answer then you will write the entire thing if it is coming simply name the method then only you will write this heading like physical barrier chemical methods intrauterine contraceptive device and surgical method understood no need of writing this last point female 40 side define the terms of ordination and fertilization see it is not now can you see I have done little bit June wait is it clear pollination and fertilization now can you write down this question obviously I expected you in the previous draw a diagram of pistol showing pollen tube growth into the ovule and labour them now see this is diagram base question how we will do you have to make the diagram of pistol pistol means carpal means gynautium there are three side structure here and there are three side structure here this is known as stigma make that arrow properly in the board copies so that there is no confusion style ovary this is ovule now this ovule contains this center is known as egg cell these two are known as synergids these three are known as antipodals there is one more cell in between which contains two nuclei this cell is known as central cell there is marking on the labelling also generally you don't have to make the diagram and come label it properly these two are known as the nuclei let me once again see the question pollen tube growth into the ovule this is your pollen tube simply this is coming like this my pen is little bit thick it's not getting thin but yeah like this and then this will come slowly slowly here and then it will come here it will go near the egg cell this is the exact diagram that you have to make if the question will come in exam next describe in brief the role of testes testes help in the formation of testes will help in the formation of sperm and they will help in the release of hormone testosterone same in the cycle with release can become that in the motility of the sperm vast difference will give the passage for the movement of the sperm from the testes to the urethra prostate gland will release some hormones and secretion that will also increase the motility of the sperm our question number 7 I will answer in the last first let us discuss because once I have discussed if you have you will get the recorded form of this lecture draw a diagram of the longitudinal section of a flower and label it as see first is also diagram based question let us do this how you will make the flower it's very easy see let us change the color first of all these all are samples these are order to make this is stamen this is your anther and this is your filament when you will label in exam always mention that anther and filament is the stamen they can also be known as androsium and they can also be known as androsium is written as now this is stigma this is style and this part is ovary this is stigma making a star stigma, style and ovary here you can write in this way also if you do not have you have the rough diagrams you don't have to make it dirty stigma, style and ovary is known as crystal carpal as well as gynecine see you don't have to write all these all these three it means if if anyone of you write it is correct if you want to write in a corrected manner then you can write this way also that this is known as still carpal or gynecine this is your pattern, samples and this is the base of the flower that is known as star and here is a swollen womb that is known as thalamus but if you ignore thalamus and this star that will be okay but you don't have to ignore these parts always remember which amoeba reproduce you know amoeba reproduction I told you when I was explaining you about the binary vision named various stages of its reproduction in a proper sequence you have to draw the diagram of binary vision please clear this to anybody these are the questions I mentioned in the slide last year questions can you can you see the screen please try in the chat box yeah now it is over see now we have discussed these questions and diagrams how you have to make previous year questions question number 1 the same thing then question number 2 these are the questions along with answers I have mentioned in the slide so that you should know how you have to write the answers along with year here everything is visible anything now is it visible okay this is these are the questions of 2017 long as well as short you can see these questions now this is the model paper of last year in the I would like to share with you that how the students have written the answer see actual mode of reproduction is uni parental means it involves only one parent does not involve any fusion of gamete hence fertilization means when there is no gamete there is no chance of fertilization sexual mode of reproduction is biparental biparental means it means it will involve fusion of both male and female gametes sexual reproductive species is the better chances of survival why because they have the better chances of variation this to be reproduction in such a system required and trusting equal genetic material on both the way see multiple fusion is not asked in board if it will be asked then you can write because I have explained that also but most of the time binary fusion is awesome now the next question is name the process by which an amoeba reproduces this is bangdisi child has written first stage carry kinases and there is the second step cytokinases well this is the model answer but what I explained to you if you will write that also that is this little detail I explained to the diagram of the region that is more correct but if you write this much also that is also correct what I want to show you by the help of the model people ok next is the function of the following parts if you female reproductive system ovdup ppnt tube uterus see these are the model answers I have already mentioned in the slide in this ppd so that whenever you see this ppd you know that yes you can see how you have to answer see all the answers are in point nothing is paragraph right you don't have to write the answers in paragraph I am saying it 2-3 times their children you have to write the answers in point because points are really designed by the exam examiner and it is only the correct method of writing still we have 10-15 minutes we can discuss your problem there is no need to get inpatient now these all are the assignment question after studying this chapter I hope you are mature enough you are understand means I think you can understand this question and try to solve now please I will write here let me delete now please come on chat box and one by one ask the question that you have the doubts we have 10 minutes the sis are always found in case there are bad condition not bad condition the condition is unfavorable bad is not a correct word unfavorable means there is too much heat there is too much cold there is disturb in the pH level the temperature is either getting very high or hitting very low pH is getting not proper man how are twins and triplets born for twins and triplets are born prayer is fusion of more than two sperm with the same over see sperm are produced in millions and credients in male reproductive organs but in case of male reproductive organs in each of the there is only one egg so when two sperm will fuse with one over then there is the foundation of twins similarly three will fuse one over then there will be triplets next question where ever was asked this question okay next anybody ma'am won't that won't reply yeah obviously there will be some differences differences and you have also observed that some twins are not able to survive also those whose head and other body parts are joined this is good question difference between fission and fragmentation the difference between fission and fragmentation is very simple in case there are two step how can you forget? karyokinosis and cytokinosis there is nothing like that simply there will be small small fragments and each fragment will develop in adult kiyokinosis karyokinosis replete is due to unnatural circumstances yeah you can say but that is very detailed topic it can't be explained in 10 minutes ma'am good people who have had basic tummies have exactly dreams i think this question this question is not related to the topic for this i have to study what are synergists very good see synergists and empty podals are that cell that does not have any specific function simply they will give support to the other cells that are present in the ovule if you want to know the answer there are synergists and empty podals are those cells which will give extra support to the L cell and the central cell anybody else who is having problem why do transgender people have female body structure instead of male body structure due to the hormonal disbalance see if in male body there will be release of extrusion and progesterone hormones obviously there will be some secondary sexual characteristic development in the male body that's why they look like female as you listen the name of Michael Jackson he also pried to the gender you can feel injected so many hormones if you want to know about that please go on quora and read about this you will get to know many more things question number 7 of the people question number 7 i don't need to see now that was the same question why is DNA popping necessary so DNA popping is necessary because during the time of cell disease there are formation of so many cells but at the same time each cell the original cell contains DNA that is needed to be replicated replicated means it gets multiplied and after multiplication and multiplication and multiplication i am simply telling you in this way so that you understand there are so many copies of DNA and each of the DNA copy needed to be inserted in the newly formed cells because without DNA the cell is getting formed that's not going to work can a polar body be fertilized polar body it contains to nuclei polar nuclei they can't be fertilized with each other always remember male gamete can fertilize with female and female with male no tool male gamete can fertilize with each other and no females two gametes are going to fertilize with each other understood a polar body is a small applied cell that is formed as an exterdogen but which generally does not good answer polar bodies of primary oversight no they do not fertilize fertilization always takes place in opposite gametes i hope that you understood that this lecture will be very much useful for you if you want the quick revision you can go on this these ppt is the summary of this chapter whatever i have included that is the important things according more point of view and according to the 10th syllabus it will helpful for you have you understood how to write in exam how to write the diagrams labeling is necessary you simply don't have to just make the diagram and keep it for the teacher any other question because in between somebody was saying that we have so many doubt and there was a time problem so you can ask still we have time 5 to 10 minutes we have 10 to 15 in the electric tissue maintain the volume of blood during copulation see the volume of during copulation is maintained by the hormonal coordination and can transgender people reproduce in exceptional cases only still research is going on still scientists are working any question children working on this now i will tell how the scientists are simply taking toticotent cells toticotent cells are those cells which have the capacity to do the reproduction and basic metabolic activities so from the transgender few cells have taken and that cells needed to be have media growth in the laboratory and then there is some ph value and then some chemicals are injected over it to see the result and then to have a look that is there any possibility that it can be done and this thing only would be understood by you when you will become little mature because there are toticotent there are system cells there are so many new terms that you don't even know you should make centum proud i hope this revision class will be very useful for you and i wish each and every of you who are watching this and attending the class and those who are not watching and will watch later that all the best very best for you for your exam and i think this chapter that is containing 8 marks is not going to lose by you because everything that is going to come i explain you with that all the very best ok ok thank you thank you for joining me thank you class