 All right, well then, it is my great pleasure to introduce a fresh face for our brown man today. So it's my pleasure to introduce Dr. Gregg Kutsinger. Kutsinger, Kutsinger. Who has his PhD in Ecology and Zoology from the University of Tennessee. He was actually a postdoctoral fellow here. He had another fellowship in integrative biology a few years ago. He then moved on to a tenure stream job at the University of British Columbia in Canada. And he was there for about four or five years. He abandoned that to come back to the Bay Area today. And he is now heading up the EDU research initiative at 3DR, which is what he's actually here to talk to us about today. So some applications of drug and technology in archeological research and research in general. And so I think it's all in the minds of many of us today. So we're very, very excited to hear from you. Are you excited to be here? Yeah, thanks for having me. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you for being a white son. No, no, not all off. We'll have to fall asleep. It's nice to be up on campus. Any time I can come up to campus, it's fun. And then I can go out to lunch somewhere nice afterwards. I'm kind of sick of Fourth Avenue. So we're down on top of the cow building. Actually, cow services down on Fourth. So that's where, if you go down there to pay something, usually you'll see drones. You'll see drones flying ahead. So I am a recovering academic. And I can talk, I can give a whole talk on like entering the for-profit world. I'm just having, so I'm actually trying to publish a paper right now. And editors are really skeptical of like what I'm trying to talk about now that I'm in the for-profit world. They don't like trust my academic credentials. And so I'm learning a lot, like transitioning out of academia on like what's cool and what's not. And I service academia. So I can recommend what you should buy, what you shouldn't buy, et cetera. But being in kind of a sales, marketing role, where my heart's still in research is kind of, it's really interesting. So I always show this picture. So I'm the academic program director. I am an ecologist. I'm trained as a community ecologist. I still have a graduate student who's trying to finish this spring. And we're still writing papers and things. But now I work for Silicon Valley drone startup called 3D Robotics. I'll talk a little bit about this. This is me in Africa. I was working in Kenya for a while. It's just to prove that I'm a biologist. It's this picture. And I can drive Land Rovers. And now I do this. I stand up booths. And I come and give talks. And I deal with hundreds of different universities and schools across the country, if not the world. So I deal with everything from K through 12, kind of STEM education using drones all the way up to high-end drone research. So like controls theory and navigation and swarming capabilities, kind of more on the mechanical engineering side. But I talk a lot about drone applications and mapping in particular. So I'm excited to be here talking to you. I'll be at the big archaeological conference in Orlando, is that where it's at? Yeah, I'm trying to get the booth. We'll be the first drone company to exhibit there, I believe. And that's all me. So I feel like archaeology is kind of one of the big use cases for drones, particularly high-resolution repeated measures and mapping. That's something we can do now seamlessly. So I'm going to throw a lot at you. I'm going to end on time. I'll skip over a bunch of stuff I kind of threw in a lot of different videos and things in here to kind of show the capabilities. But let me run through 3DR. So 3DR was founded in 2009 by Chris Anderson, former head of Wired Magazine. We started in a garage over by the other Berkeley Bowl, not the original Berkeley Bowl, but we're the largest in North America. We're second-raising within the FAA of certification for drones in terms of use for commercial purposes, which I'll talk a little bit about, but not too much. We are an open-source drone platform. So our autopilot is an open-source project that is now part of what's called the Drone Code Foundation. So we're building that similarly to a Linux-based kind of coding so that the code itself is now bigger than 3DR. It's kind of an open-source platform that lots of companies and universities are taking part in. And so the timeline for drones in general, we're not talking about military-grade drones, which is a whole other topic that I know nothing about. We're talking about kind of the consumer-level drones. So let me just run through the history. So 2009 was not that long ago. I was finishing my PhD going on for a postdoc. Drones were really about kits and parts. So they came in like a pizza box and you would solder them together in your garage and come up with this flying contraption that you can either fly manually with a remote control or you can set on missions. Mostly this was middle-aged men who probably still lived at home with their mothers in their garages, tinkering, like it's very geeky kind of society. That's kind of where it's at. In 2012, we came out with the Pixhawk autopilot. So the autopilot is just a brain. It's what makes a drone go in X, Y, and Z, or YAH, which is the turning. So you can think about the autopilot is really the controls of the drone itself. In autopilots, there's lots of different autopilots. Military has their own autopilots. This is an open-source autopilot that's developed on by developers all over the world. You can then put this on any kind of autonomous vehicle that you want. So you can plug it into a car. You can put it on a plane. You can put it on a quadcopter with four rotors, an octacopter with eight rotors. You can put it on a people put it on a tractor. You can put it on a boat. You can probably put it on a lawnmower. So it's really just about autonomous missions in space. So that's kind of the brain. But then people started putting them on a kind of off-the-shelf consumer-grade remote control vehicles, things that were really well built. But now you can do autonomous missions with a plane instead of manually flying the whole time. You can just set a mission and let it go. From there, people actually started not wanting to build drones. They wanted something off-the-shelf ready to fly. You don't want to spend six weeks or six months building a vehicle. You just want to go to the store and you want to buy something that does what it does. And you can put a camera on it and you can take pictures, et cetera. This is 2013, 2014, into 2015, off-the-shelf vehicles, whether it's a plane or whether it's a copter, it's going to fly. It's going to do so mostly reliably. And it's kind of an advanced remote control vehicle, something that will fly in X, Y, and Z, but you can pre-program it. Ready to go, put in a battery. You don't have to build it yourself. So we went from kind of 1960s computers to like 2010 MacBooks in about three or four years. From there, there was a diversification. So we were the first drone company to go into a big box retailer. You can buy and best buy now. But there was a diversification particularly out of China. The largest drone manufacturer in the world, in fact, is a Chinese company called DJI. But a lot of copycats kind of emerging and a lot of companies that are putting their autopilot on off-the-shelf platforms that aren't 3DR itself. Then a lot of services. So drone deploy is instantaneous mapping. They used our autopilot originally for their mapping platform. A lot of ag companies coming out that are doing the data services side. So they're overlaying on top of the drones the data services, which is really the future of drones. And we can talk about that at the end. A lot of educational use. So every day if you flag drones in education, which I do in Google Alerts, you'll see another school that's at the forefront of drone education out there. And gonna be the leader, the first ever in the country, to have a drone education program. Yet another one. And then in 2015, we released Solo. So this is our Solo platform. Solo is a whole other beast in and of itself. And I'll talk a little bit about why that is, but Solo is really a smart drone. So a smart drone is not just a remote control object. A smart drone is based on a tablet or a phone-based app that controls the drone via a controller. So this is a Wi-Fi hotspot, which means you can log into the Wi-Fi with your phone and you can open an app. And the app can go from the phone to your controller to the drone. So what does that do? It essentially turns drones into flying smartphones, which makes drones all about the data and the apps and the sensors and less about the drone. Forget the drone. Forget this black thing that flies in X, Y, and Z. It could be black, it could be blue, it could be white. It's all about the link from the drone to the phone to the cloud. And that's the way you should really think about drones is as smartphones with propellers duct taped to them. So the drone part is just the phone part, right? If you're like, wow, this iPhone is really great for calling my relatives on their birthday. And it can store all their numbers in it. You'd be like, oh, that's great. That's a great use of an iPhone. But it's really all the other smartphone applications on top of it. This is why Google and Facebook and Qualcomm and all the telecommunications companies are interested in drones. It's not about the flying thing, it's about the data. So what are some of those data? This is just about Solos. Solos completely integrates with GoPro at the moment. A lot of that's because the hobbyist rules are, and the hobbyist market is all about a flying video camera and selfies and kind of cool cinematography. You can stream the GoPro down to your phone in a live view. You can HDMI out the back so you can go to a bigger screen or a Jumbotron, et cetera. You can get that live streaming video. And so it charges the GoPro and then you get the live stream back to your phone via that Wi-Fi signal that's there. Batteries are the same LiPo batteries, but now we've made them smart. So before when you would plug them in, they would probably blow up if you let them overcharge, which is like the things that everyone are riding around on right now that are like banned everywhere. The hoverboards, right. They have LiPo batteries that like don't shut off. Ours shut off when they're like fully charged and tell you how many times they're charged, et cetera. So the battery technology has gotten better. You can just kind of pop them out. They last about 18 to 20 minutes. That's kind of industry standard right now for LiPo technology. Batteries are getting better too. And then we have this kind of simple interface in it. So before if you look at like the old school remote controls of like a year ago, they're like all these switches and a big radio, et cetera, super complicated. We've paired that down so that there's like really simplified controls. So there's a fly button that you push for the drone to fly. There's a power button for power. There's a pause button for pausing the drone and when it's on a mission. And there's a come home button, which calls the drone home. And there's an A and B button. So you can fly manually, but a lot of what drones are about is about being a flying robot, which is essentially what they are. And then we have the gimbal. So the gimbal stabilizes the camera. So if you really want good pictures and you want good cinema, you need a stable camera, something that's not gonna wiggle around with the vibrations of propellers. But the gimbal also is kind of a robot of itself. So as a drone moves, if you wanna follow an individual frame or a particular shot, the gimbal can stay in place until as needed, even if the drone's pivoting the gimbal will stay put. So there's a lot of controls that go into the gimbal itself to get that shot to get the framing right as well as for mapping. And so our motto is we help people see their world from above and that's what drones have done. They've added a whole new perspective to people's lives. And it's kind of why there's a big fad right now in cinematography and videography to get that aerial perspective because your house and your property looks a lot different from the air. And now we've kind of democratized that for better or for worse. We can totally argue about that, preferably over a beer at Bobby G's and some pizza. Later on, but in general, we've allowed people that before you had to have really expensive aerial flights if you wanted an aerial perspective or you needed a helicopter. Now you can do it for the price of a laptop and you can do that every single day as often as you want. And we leverage our open source platform to create great user experiences. So it's also really about simplifying the user experience. We don't want a really complicated platform for mapping. We want it to be kind of one touch. So what does that look like? So we've automated these smart shots. Let's see, maybe I'll switch to this one because it's more archeological. No, that's less archeological. That's more sci-fi, let's see here. So we have a couple of different smart shots. These are professional level shots that you can just pull up and you can tap on the app and you can get the shot. This is a cable cam. We have an A and a B button. You can pair the drone and just have it run on the cable just like a Super Bowl. Only this is a virtual cable. So this is an archeology, an archeological site in Italy. We shot with the Italian tourist board. This is an orbit. Pull up the app, hit orbit. You can get a perfect circle of your site. As you raise that circle, the gimbal will pivot down. Beautiful shot. There's nobody's flying this. They're just marking where they want the circle to go and pressing play. This is selfie. A selfie is just a pull away cable basically. So as the drone pulls away, the gimbal is also tilting. So you're getting this four axis shot. And so it's really beautiful. Cable cam is super useful for linear transects. So the drone is stuck on there. And it looks really cool. So to get some of these shots, it would take you years as a professional pilot to get the skills. Now you can just upload your solo app. You can go in and frame up your shot and you can hit play. So super powerful for storytelling and cinema, which is kind of where that market was at from 2015 to 2016 to the next two months or so until the commercial rules come out. These are our pilots. We pay them like nothing and they're like 22 and they fly all over the world. But they have the coolest jobs. So they get to kind of fly everywhere. And they're great, but we don't pay them very much because their job's so cool. In fact, our team, so to illustrate the storytelling, our team and they're based out of Austin, our marketing team has taken solo. And what solo really does is it gives a professional level pilot even better skills. It's kind of a complementarity effect or an amplifying effect of storytelling so that we can tell stories and get shots that have never before on earth been done. You can't do it with a helicopter, but you can do it with a professional pilot with a good eye and a flying robot that can get the same shot every single time. So what we've come up with is a sci-fi series. It's called Life After Gravity. You can see it on YouTube. And what it's done is strung together all these smart shots, these automated shots into a story that's told from the view of like there's this space agency and like this whole storytelling aspect of it and it's shot all over the world. And now we're crowdsourcing the shots to tell the science fiction story using all these pilots across the world all strung together using GoPro and 4K video. I'm not gonna go through this whole thing but there's like this crystal and then there's this agency and it's this whole thing. The useful aspect of that is that we've done a director's field notes and it's really about how they framed all the shots. So you can go through, you can watch the sci-fi series of Life After Gravity but then Adam and some of other photographers can tell you how to frame those shots and how to use smart shots. And the benefit of this is you can become up to speed in about a half an hour on just basically how to use the tools and how to frame the shots for all of your talks or your lectures or your teaching, et cetera just by watching kind of what they did in the field for these different episodes. And so I just push that as kind of, I know it's kind of consumer-y but the aerial perspective and using these shots and setting them up correctly is actually incredibly powerful. A pivot, an orbit of your study site or this cable where it starts on top of your study site and then pans out and gives you a reveal of the entire landscape. That message can tell more in a fraction of an instant than you can in half a lecture. So you can go through and kind of look at how they did all these different shots. Let's see here. So the next aspect, I won't go too much into this but we launched some new shots. This is all kind of consumer-y but I'm rethinking of them in a kind of a tool sort of way. We launched two new shots. One is a multi-point cable cam. So instead of going from A to B to, or A to B in two different frames, now we can go from A to B to C to D to E to F. So you can go from one site to the next site up to a reveal, back to your field truck, et cetera. So you can, and then you can save that and you can fly that site over and over and over again. So as you're doing a dig, you can go from one dig site to the next site and frame that and do it through time. So as you can get that time series storytelling in 4K video, it's pretty phenomenal. The other aspect that I won't go into is our drones will follow you as you're doing a particular transect or at your study site if you wanna have them follow your track or follow you for a particular storytelling. Now we've made it so it's free look. So you don't have to look at you or the object that is following your phone. It follows the GPS in your phone. You can now turn the drone so it can follow. It can look behind you as you're walking if your students are walking or something else is behind you or in front of you. So you can set the leash at wherever you want for the drone but you can also have it look freely as needed. Pretty useful storytelling. We have lots of stuff on the website. I wanna skip some of this consumery stuff and get to really the future. And the future of drones is really commercial enterprise. So right now our lawyer Nancy is in Washington DC spearheading the FAA Committee for Commercial Rules which are coming out shortly. So you will see an explosion of commercial use of drones starting this summer as it becomes much simpler to get permission to use drones. And that's both for the academic space as well as the commercial space. You need to use kind of lumped within commercial at the moment. And so really all of this is about the geospatial information that we're already collecting. We're already using in this case, Autodesk or ArcGIS or if you're in the insurance industry exact where. We're already using these products that are like these huge, there's some open source ones out there if you really wanna try and go free but for the most part ArcGIS is probably the standard that most folks are using. So it's really taking the drones and getting those data and pushing them to the resources that we're already using. That's the future of drones. That's where the commercial industry is headed. So it's really about measuring things in 40. So we've been doing X, Y and Z and the fourth dimension is time. Robot are really good at repeated measures in a fairly accurate way much better than graduate students. Graduate students, they get tired, they get hungry, they have like partners they wanna go home to. You can only keep them around for four to five years unless they get in a fellowship. Drones, send them out every single time, save the mission, fly, transit to site one, again and again and again. You can do it hourly if you want, right? A high resolution, one to five centimeter resolution or lower depending on what camera you're looking at. How do we do that? This is just time series data thinking like an ecologist. If we think about climate change and basis species, habitat destruction, poaching, all that's time series data thinking like an environmental scientist but you can imagine the time series data that you wanna tell in either shallow time or deep time whatever you're trying to do. And so we can monitor the planet in ways like we've never been able to do at really smaller spatial scales probably the spatial scale that you're working at in the field but over and over and over and over again for almost free, right? The charge of a battery. So we have lots of different payloads for different accessories and the main accessories that most of the commercial industry is interested in are probably the same accessories that you're interested in. So high resolution mapping cameras that can get down to the sub-centimeter level for mapping in two or three D which I'll talk a little bit about. Multi-spectral, so there's this new multi-spectral camera just came out. It's the size of a GoPro, it's four bands. It's $3,500 but it's half the price of previous multi-spectral cameras. So for vegetation mapping and monitoring this is mind-blowing and it weighs almost nothing. This is by a company called Parrot. It comes with a light sensor so you can photo-correct, you can fly in cloudy days, sunny days, et cetera. Thermal cameras, LiDAR, our platform can't really handle a LiDAR yet, still too heavy but the LiDARs are now down to about two pounds and $8,000 whereas they were $50,000 to $100,000 before with a lot of the autonomous vehicles LiDAR is becoming a lot used fully integrated in cars, et cetera, for real-time mapping in 3D and I think we'll see LiDAR get smaller, cheaper LiDAR over the next one to two years. Yeah, it's a laser for laser mapping so that's sub-centimeter, millimeter, couple millimeter level mapping. We have an open app development platform for a lot of the drone apps so you're gonna start seeing a lot of app companies just like with your phone and so the way that you wanna think about the future is really forget about the drone. Like the drone is stupid and boring, it's really cool and all right now but it's loud and annoying here in the next couple of months. It's really about what sensor do you put it on, what's the application that you're using and how do you send it to the cloud and manage the data and push it into the products you want or manage the terabytes of information within your lab, across labs, across universities, within government agencies, across government agencies and then crowdsourcing which I'll talk a little bit about that as well. So this is like high resolution geospatial data. It was already a metadata problem from satellite data. It was already a metadata problem on less frequent intervals for aerial data, manned aircraft data. Now it's an amazingly mind-blowing data problem for the everyday user, particularly researchers that can afford a little bit more than say a farmer. We just launched on Monday a new app called Site Scan. I'll run through a little bit of this app but it's to push right now to our first partner is Autodesk for all the Autodesk products. Our next partner is ArcGIS or the Esri product drone to map. It's in beta right now but it's basically pushing it into the drone and app stitching platform and then you can push those geotifs or whatever file type you want into your different data layers. So this is aimed at kind of the Autodesk crowd which is like heavy commercial kind of construction. There's three different aspects of it. There's survey, scan and inspect. These might be useful to you. These are the Autodesk tools and this is kind of the Esri. But it looks like this. You pull up your tablet and your phone. This works on Android only. We don't have an iOS version at the moment. There's three different buttons. You can scan, survey and inspect. Inspect, the drone takes off. You can slide it. You can tell it what altitude to go to. This is all on the tablet. You're not using the controls and you can just press on the map where you want the drone to go and it'll go over to that area. It'll fly over. It can inspect in the ways that you want and then you can change the way that you're inspecting it. This is mostly for like cell phone towers and windmills and solar arrays and things like that. It might not be quite as useful to you. You can take a picture. You can use the little toggles to get really fine scale movements of the drone so you're not flying yourself. You just tap it a little bit and it goes up just a little bit if you want to fine tune and then you just take a picture of the area that you're inspecting. You can use your finger to point on the photo where you want the drone to move. So you can say, I want you to look a little bit over here and the drone will just pit it. You're not like using the controls. You're just tapping. Super easy, super intuitive. Scan is mostly for 3D models. So you circle the area that you want to scan. The drone's kind of over there where the little green dot is. You get a live view. This is more interesting for you. You set the minimum safe distance that you want it to scan. So you might have it start at 10 meters and go to 100 meters depending on what kind of site you're looking at. The drone then will start at the top and scan down. And you just slide to take off and it goes around and it'll tell you how many rings it's done around. And it's triggering the camera so it's taking pictures as it scans. And so the gimbal will tilt and then when it gets to the top it'll do a crosshatch so you can get the nadir imagery. And then surveys. Surveys probably the most useful tool for you. So you just pull up your tablet. You have a map of your site cached in there from Google Maps or whatever. If it's an LTE type site it'll load automatically. If you're going out in the field you might want to cache the maps which you can totally do. You take your finger and you circle the area that you want to survey. Looks kind of like that. And then the drone automatically calculates what distance it needs to fly in order to get that survey. And you can set the resolution. So you can do high resolution which is like one to five centimeters medium which is about 10 centimeters per pixel or low which is I think 30 centimeters per pixel. That sets what height the drone is going to fly at so it'll fly at 100 feet, 200 feet or 400 feet and how slow it needs to go in order to get enough overlap in those pictures to stitch together at a later date. Super easy, super intuitive. You can learn to do this in like about 30 minutes or so you're probably up and running. It'll give you a safety alert to tell you like watch out for trees because it's about to fly over to the screen point. Is there a big tree in the way? It'll probably run into it because it's not smart enough yet. Then you just slide and it takes off and it goes. And it gives you a lot of information along the way of like how much it's done. From there, you're gonna just take out the card the SD card from the camera and hit geotag. You'll put that in your tablet and it'll upload all the GPS information to the card and all the photos that are in there. So you have the photo and the GPS information and what height that information was taken at. From there, the software will just line up the photos based on the GPS information and the algorithms will turn the photos and overlap them and stitch them all together into a high resolution map. That's just done kind of autonomously. Taking the card out is kind of a pain in the ass but it's GoPro, we are limited on uploading information to their photos. That's a GoPro problem. That will be fixed with our new mapping Sony camera that's coming out in a couple of months and that's a 12 megapixel, no fisheye, super high resolution, really crisp camera. Less so GoPro. You can see all your jobs kind of where the jobs are at and then all the images are then uploaded to the Autodesk cloud and they're stitched together. Autodesk products mostly for EDU are free and so this app I think is for, it's like 4.99 a month for commercial and I think I've gotten it to like $300 for the year for EDU but it's taken me some serious battles with our finance office. I wanna make it free. Apparently we need to pay our software engineers. So I've tried to make it like one time fee for EDU, 90% off. I'm trying. I'm trying here to help you out. Here's all your jobs, how many times it's flown, et cetera. A lot of this is just for workflow management like within your lab to know where your job sites are, how many times you've flown, et cetera, what jobs are ready and already stitched within Autodesk. And so you can do, get your high resolution, geotips, your ortho mosaics all stitched together. This is some pond we flew up in Washington. You can get your digital elevation models come already spit out for you. You can get 3D models. This is the Oakland, the observatory in Oakland. Yeah, Shabab. So it took me all of like two minutes to fly this. This is just 40 GoPro photos and I had my 16 month old daughter with me in a stroller. And so I just like put the drone down. We were flying there for our sci-fi video already. Loda, I just circled the area on the map, flew the mission. I took like one of those Trader Joe's like applesauce pouches for this mission. So it's just 40 photos. It's not even all that great. And then I just upload it. This is Pix4D. This is probably the premier mapping software out there. Drone to map is actually the back end is just Pix4D which is a Swiss based company. 40 photos stitched together into, it doesn't usually ripple like that. But you can see like the lines aren't great but like you could totally put this in a CAD model and like put this in whatever product you want. We could print this off. I mean, it's not a great model but if I would have taken 200 photos and flown at a lower rate, it would be a perfect ideal model that you could take quantitative measurements on. So photogrammetry today is fairly amazing compared like you don't need LiDAR unless you're like engineering and need it down to millimeter level. Like photogrammetry is fine. Just fly slower, lower with better cameras. And you can spin it and do these cool videos for talks which is like super easy to do but people are really impressed. It's just like spin it and you just hit the video button and then export the MP4. I don't know what that is. It might be just slow in my computer. Yeah, is it? So Pix4D, Pix4D is expensive. It's $2,000 for the EDU license or $6,700 for 25 computers for their teaching license but one license for the commercial license is like $6,500. So like all I would say is like, don't mess around with Autodesk and our products like go for Pix4D and like get the teaching license and you can have the most cutting edge full license ready to go to teach on 25 computers and you're done with it. And $6,500 sounds like a lot but not for 25 computers with a full license for the most cutting edge stitching software. From this you can push whatever file type you want into ArcGIS, et cetera. And it's super easy. You just upload your photos. It generates a cloud point. You tell it what kind of, if you want it Orthomazeg, digital elevation model or 3D model, you hit stitch. You just click the little tabs. It stitches it all together for you into three million points and from there you can push it into wherever you want. And this is an example of that. You don't have to just use a drone data. This is Pix4D. This is, they were mapping this castle. Most of the drones mapping software packages out there, even the monthly ones, et cetera, that are coming out. Most of its Pix4D engine running in the background, they just won't tell you that. So here they're using a lot of different drone types. That's a Phantom from DJI. The other was a EB. These things are like 400 bucks now. They're pretty good. GoPro photos, still photos on foot. So they also had ground control points, so you can lay out targets for after the fact from lining them up with the algorithms. So they took like, I don't know, 6,000 photos or something here. It's all super easy. And then you get this beautiful model. This is like, probably took them weeks to stitch, 95 million points. Yeah, it's, I mean, this was a serious effort on their part, but you can get both inside and outside three dimensional models at five millimeters. Like that's light our quality right there. And it looks pretty amazing. So we don't even sell Pix4D, and I feel like I'm an advocate because I think you don't have a lot of money to be buying 50 million different products. You can go for some of the cheaper products, but I wouldn't. I would just pick the top high-end stitching platform and just go from there. This was another platform I was just gonna show you. Let's see if I don't have it. I don't have the data up here. This is just a panoramic. So the drone can take off and do a panoramic. And what's really cool about it is it's like Google Street View where you can pan around and look at it. So you can go up and just do a pano. So the drone will just take pictures and then the game will tilt and take some more pictures and then it'll tilt. Let's see if I can get on. Yeah, it's okay. We're running out of time, but then what's really cool also is so a lot of the drone industry is going towards virtual reality. So taking 360 degree images. So this is Kodak's 360 camera. We put two of them on so that you get 360 degree view. Here it is smushed down. And it's not gonna look as cool, but what this allows you to do, this is flattened out, is that you can do a survey and a transect in 360 degrees and then you can use your phone and look around in 360 degrees or you can use virtual reality goggles. You can use Google Cardboard or some other goggle. And that way you're thinking in space and in time, but in virtual reality, you don't have to go out and measure everything if you're counting penguins or whatever as a biologist. I can just fly a transect and then after the fact I can put virtual reality goggles on and just look around and count the things that I need to count or do the surveys that I need to count. So it's a way to think about augmenting our reality in space and time in ways that we're not thinking about today. We're really thinking about maps and three-dimensional maps, but we should be thinking about 360 degrees as well. Maybe even just for teaching, right? So if we can go in and we can map this castle, but then I can give you 360 degree video, drone video of that, like it's experiential in a way that's like totally mind-blowing. That's just thinking about ag. So let me just summarize. So here's what you can do today. You can do virtual transects. You can do inspections. You can do perfect circles around your site. You can have, this is streams. I was just doing a fisheries talk. You can have the drone follow you. It can look at you or it can look at something else. You can map in two and 3D. You can do digital elevation models. You can do hemispheric panoramics. You can do 360 degree data. You can do repeated measures because you can save those flight paths and just fly them over and over and over again. You can develop your own app. So there could be an archeological drone app that's developed for specifically the way that you sample your sites in space and time. You can add your own sensors so that you're flying in high resolution color, thermal, multi-spectral LiDAR. You can send these products to ArcGIS or Autodesk in your standard kind of data overlays. I don't know what else you want, but that's where the industry is today. And so the hardware is gonna get cheaper and better and easier to use. The regulations, software will overtake hardware. So hardware, like at some point, a drone is a drone is a drone. And then it's really about the software applications. I was again talking to ecologists, but archeologists should be thinking about like what are your data needs and how do you spend time developing application software applications that will then rapidly advance the field in a way that you haven't really thought of. And that's not gonna come from the industry because archeology is pretty narrow. Ecology is pretty narrow compared to oil and gas or infrastructure inspection. But with tens of thousands of dollars and a couple of software engineers, like you're talking about transforming the field in a way that is super important for moving the theory forward. Virtual reality I think is really cool. I don't know what that's gonna look like, but I think in terms of surveys and also teaching it's gonna be awesome. And then the rules and regulations, they're gonna get a lot easier here in the coming months. We're pushing really hard. In fact, there was some rule that was introduced in the Senate yesterday by some senators about pivoting the drone regulations for EDU and making them more like hobby grade regulations. So just following some basic rules because right now we're crippled in education today because you need to have a pilot's license and a 333 or COA. The UC system just passed a blanket COA, but you still need either a 333 pilot for teaching or you can just use flight netting. So if you just net a space like a big batting cage, then you're exempt from FAA rules because it's considered indoor use but you can still get GPS connectivity for the drone. So they're still really stable. That's not good for the fieldwork, but for teaching you can just have a big batting cage which Kansas State just built 200 by 300 by 50 foot tall netted space. It's like the world's largest batting cage for some utility poles and tens of thousands of dollars in netting, but they're teaching every single day and want their program to grow and be on the cutting edge. So netting is kind of the way to go until the rules lighten up. I'm talking to the UC reserve system. So like Blue Oak Ranch is close by. You can get a 333 pilot. We can train you in mapping just for a day's worth of time of a pilot. You can learn in a day basically everything that you would need to know to use in the field somewhere, somewhere abroad. Or you can buy today as a hobbyist yourself for 1500 bucks or whatever and go out and start practicing today. You can come down, we do public fly days down at Cesar Chavez. You can come down and fly. We're happy to teach you how to fly in the park for free like we don't charge or anything like that. And so you're really in like a good position here at Cal and in the Bay Area in particular to be on the cutting edge. But it is moving incredibly quickly and most academics are way behind. And they wanna sit around and like talk about it instead of being like, no, we gotta move fast and you need to buy something new every six months and you need to pivot. And how are we gonna publish these data? And what data are gonna be required when we do publish them? Like journals and editors, they're not set up for thinking about how quickly this needs to move. I'm trying to publish this paper right now on just like advice for scientists in the field. And it's like, I can't wait six weeks to three months for the peer review process. Like I would rather put it up on the blog and have it available today than to wait for three months when it's gonna be outdated. Like my, I'm just gonna have to change the paper. And they don't understand that. They're like, well, you work for a private company. Here's, oh, that's Kansas States. You can email Abby at US Netting in Erie, Pennsylvania to get you a deal on Netting. Lots and lots of needs within the field in terms of like, basically, this is again towards our ecologists, but like how good is our drone compared to some other drones? How repeatable are the data? What about GPS noise, et cetera? All of these are questions that the industry is not gonna answer that you are gonna have to answer for your specific field. You know, how good are these different cameras and different autopilots and different stitching engines, you know, all put together? Like those are all areas for mistakes and noise to occur. How do you make that transparent in the publication process? I don't know. I don't know. But I don't have to figure it out because I'm no longer in academia. But it's something to think about. You should be thinking critically about drones too. Like just because they're a cool novel toy doesn't mean the data are as good as they need to be today. So that needs to be tested. Prepare to move quickly. Like this is an exponentially growing industry. Like if the US, I don't think drone, I think the ship is gonna sail and not sink. I think we're too far along and there's too much money and there's too big of a lobbying space within DC to shut down the industry even if someone did something incredibly stupid. And if not, it would just move abroad. We go to Australia or France or Switzerland or somewhere else and just move the company. But prepare for this exponential increase, which means don't spend too much money. Think in the two to five to $10,000 range. Don't go for these commercial grade vehicles that are $50,000, $100,000. Because are they any better than like, I can sell you this drone for like, the drone is like $699, but the GoPro is almost more expensive than the drone itself. So think about two to $5,000 with the software or if you want other different imagery, the cameras are gonna be more expensive than the drone. The thermal cameras, $25,000 to $7,000. And then just talk to us. Like I'm happy to like, we're down on Fourth Avenue, like there's great coffee shops down there all the time. We're happy to work with you to set up your platform. I give academic pricing on everything. Like I try and get it almost at cost to EDU. In particular, we like Cal, most of our faculty or most of our staff come from, well, there's a couple of Stanford people, but we like Cal. And I'm happy to answer any questions. I know we only have a few minutes and I threw a lot at you, but thanks for having me up. It's fine to come up. Questionable orientation for which to divert it to use is that you yourself would never prove up. What kind of checks and balances do you have upon your marketing? Yeah, so we do a couple of things. So it turns out that like people, most people are good and some people are stupid. And then some people want to do bad things, right? And so for the people that are good and are not educated, we built into our app. We work with another app company called AirMap. And so when you pull up our app, you can see it gives you a little subset of the map and it gives you either red or yellow or green light system in terms of are you flying too close to an airport? So we built that right into the app. And so when I was in DC a couple of weeks ago, meeting on the science committee for science and policy and whatever, it turns out like you shouldn't try and bring a drone into the White House. It's like not a good idea. You know, completely illegal, but like this drone has been in the break room with the Secret Service Office and like that's where I thought I was gonna stay forever, but I got back. So we try and build into the safety measures like in terms of like educating the public on where they can fly already built into the app, you know, automatically. So if you're too close to an airport or if there happens to be an air show or some wildfire and it'll show yellow, you know, a temporary flight restriction. Out of the box, we're capped at 400 feet, which is the F.A. Rolls, 400 feet, a badge take off, so you could be at 8,000 feet, but you're only gonna have 400 feet. As well as you can geofence, et cetera, into it. We're capped at 50 miles an hour or so, like. But we sell to, you can buy us a Best Buy or overnight it to Amazon, et cetera, like we sell to YARC, I have a background check for drones, you have to register with them with the F.A. It costs five dollars and it takes about three minutes and you're supposed to put all your information on there in terms of where you live and like the serial number of your drone. Bad people probably aren't gonna do that. What I was involved in was a huge purchase of computer, U.S. manufactured computers that actually were, how the KGB was running its operation in the 1970s. Yeah, we don't sell to the military for military purposes because we'll get ITAR restrictions on our drones, some of the thermal cameras we can't export, we're in 22 countries around the world and it's standing as well as, we don't sell to like Iran and Syria and a couple of other countries. But otherwise like, we're democratizing drones. It's totally a scary thing. Is it a good idea? A lot of people seem to think so. Are bad things, is it gonna happen? Probably, just like with cars and guns and everything else. So that's kind of what we're on the hill is trying to figure out like, what are logical restrictions? How do we maximize the safety benefit? NASA's working on how do we manage the low elevation for this place? How do we get drones to talk to manned aircraft, talk to each other and talk to the ground? We've already had more drones registered in the U.S. in two months with the new FAA rules than any manned aircraft out there. So there's more drones than manned aircraft now and that will only, you know, multiply. So it's a brand new world. Like, is it good? I don't know, but it's different. These are related questions in that from my use of your photogrammetry, you gotta be kind of close in to these sites that you need, if I'm doing something about volumetrics in a plaza or in some place, I need to be kind of a cultural space irrigation adult that I need to be able to close in. So we've been using, you know, kites and poles to allow our cameras up to take our shots before you use those cameras or something, right? But in a place like the forest, you know, more of a lake, you know, I'm doing stupid stuff like shooting arrows over trees and, you know, like cable camos, like, oh, I don't have to launch arrows over trees anymore. But the trees are too close together for me to be comfortable flying our GXM into the forest, right? And in places that, you know, I could launch something higher than the tree but then I wouldn't get the resolution I need to get, you know, the photogrammetry to give me active volumetrics, right? And I can see this happening and say, like, so many, you know, I can see the trees being revealed and yet the drone allowing us to do things without me, you know, stringing trees with parachute cord would be really useful. So what would be, is there any way to prove these two things? Yeah, I mean, drones, so like the whole, I mean, so at some point, like the drone is like, you can't fly through trees, no matter what, you know, but it can fly into GX environments in the understory like they're obstacle winds, like the new Phantom 4, you know, it's supposed to avoid obstacles with the new front-facing cameras, but that's only facing forward. And like what kind of obstacles is like, power lines are really hard to avoid if you're a computer, like you just can't see them. So maybe kind of little twigs, you know, you're just, at some point, like, you're gonna have to complement the drone data with on-the-ground data. And so hopefully what a drone does is give you that, you know, give you the quick and easy data and save you a lot of time for that. You know, not shooting arrows over the trees to get nice camera surveys, but, you know, complementing it with on-the-ground other photos we mentioned, measurements that we did in that video. So drones aren't gonna solve everything, but hopefully they'll speed up a lot of the process that can be populated and save you time so that you can, you know, do the things that are tedious and require a measurement tape that you stretch out. How much does the software package and just the survey and scanning cost? So our, that app, I think it's gonna be $30 a month or 360 for the year. I'm trying to get the package to be some negotiation with our finance office. I think it's gonna be 2,500 bucks for the drone, four batteries, a backpack, the GoPro, a Sony Xperia tablet, and the app. Is that the 80-year discount? That's easy. It'd be like $10,000 if you're a customer. That's like, I'm nickled 90% of you guys here, how much we can still have. Someday I'll just get fired. We're gonna make a lot of money now. So, Sony cameras, is it a quality shutter? Is it a GoPro or is it a camera? Sounded like a big shoe pack. It is, I don't know much about it. It's, the QX1 is like a development camera from Sony, so it's not actually a point-to-chute camera. It looks like a lens that the software built in, and you can get a zoom on it, so you can pop off the lenses. I think there's a QX1 and QX3. I'm not a camera team. I haven't been looking at it, since we don't have it quite yet. But the matter is 29-pixel, nice Sony sensor. Oh, look at that. That looks like a lot of books. I'm not sure how much this Sony camera is gonna be. And whether it's us or whether it's a different, kind of like company out there, I'm a really poor sales person, so I don't know how to make it. But I feel like, in general, drones are getting really cheap. If you look at the Inspire, with that high-resolution camera on it, their mapping platform is not very good at the moment. But DJI is out to conquer the world. And so, if you don't mind flying with Chinese vehicle, and that your flight data is gonna go to Shenzhen, and your imagery, which you probably don't care, like some government, like the US force doesn't care, like they might be perfectly fine. Yeah. You didn't mention fixed wings. Do you guys have some fixed wings? We have one. So fixed wings are actually like, if you go to a marketplace, like maybe 10% of the market needs a fixed wing for wider facial scales. And at some point, it's better just to hire a Cessna and fly a giant sensor array with every sensor you would want over a huge area. At the moment, like it's just not as cost-effective. We're getting out of the fixed wing market. You can still take PIXHawk and put it on with Arrow M, which is our remapper. But I think the best fixed wing on the market right now is the EV. Like you shake it three times and throw it up in the air and it's totally integrated with the PIX4D because it's a parrot company since it flies a parrot company. I think you're gonna see a lot cheaper fixed wings in that more three to $5,000 range. Like EV is still like $20,000 than the Amble Toys, which are like $1,000. I think you're gonna see a gap where you're gonna really need some nice mapping fixed wings just out there with different cameras that you can put on in the next 12 months or so. So in the easy ones, that you can still shake it and throw it in the air or just drop it out and throw it up in the air and it will not go around for a long time. The battery life would be much better. Yeah, you can get two hours. You can have 1,000 acres or 2,000 acres in some of these fixed wings. But launching them and landing them is much more complicated. You're likely, most of them have to be bone-fliated, so you're gonna be able to do a lot of things. Anyway, we're around. Like, I'm having a taxia, it's nice to come to campus. I'm gonna go walk down and talk to this guy to play with people after this. I'm talking about something else. I'm talking about something else. Well, because this camera, so like this camera is called the Parrot Sequoia. We're gonna mute it to map the sequence. Like the Marlton-Paketon potential there. And then we can do it. So National Parks, pretty hard to fly in at the moment. We're working on that. And really just advocating. So like, I know that there's the Association for American Archaeology, right? There's other associations out there. Getting them on board to write letters for drone rules actually is a good idea. So coming out as an association and an active association, your voice is totally lost between the hobby of space, which is like cheap consumer electronic products and the commercial space. At EDU, the voice is not speaking very loud in terms of on the capital or within the state of California. So speak up, write a letter as part of the association or as part of our team. Well, thank you very much. Yeah, thank you very much. Well, thank you so much, Lane.