 द़ेरिवेशमन्ताई अगअईद कबाहिजी,icybelum insta द matters अली कु کہ कु दरीवेश मिरे मुँँनी के इसलं आस्फले वर्मुँख कु रीविज येवा सैभानी झैसलम कुप पं सको dehrieinevii sheshقتu आस अप उसesisSN重要 use कर के अप हम aggregate demand अद aggregate supply model को develop करेंगे. So, in fact, यह दोनो model एक ही है, क्योंके यह एक तरा की assumptions और price adjustment पर depend करते हैं, उस पर based करते हैं. तो और जब भी हम कोई भी shock को discuss करना चाते हैं, उसको analyze करते हैं, किसी भी shock का economy पर क्या impact है, तो यह दोनो models के लिजने हमारे पस उसके answers भी एक जैसे आतें. लेकन, बास शिटॉच्योंग में कोई एक model convenient होता है, फाँ एक देंपल अगर हम कोई असे variables को समझना चाते हैं, दिसकस करना चाते हैं, जिन का तालोग real interest rate के साते है. अगर अगर हम prices का relationship देखना चाते हैं, फाँ एक देंपल हम inflation और employment और unemployment का relationship अगर हम देखना चाते है, तो उसके लिए पिर aggregate demand और aggregate supply model यह जैदा conveniently use किया जाते है, तो it is just a matter of convenience के किस situation में, कोन सा model conveniently use हो सकते है, अगर रवाईज दोनों की नतिजे में एक यह तरा के अपको results में लेंगे, तो आज हम aggregate demand और aggregate supply model के अवले से aggregate demand कर पर बाथ करट करेंगे. Okay, so just as I explained, that the two models are equivalent, depending on the issue one is good and the other is negative, अगर त़ बाहच्ता दीवादा नाखीन की कोची रहेने लचा है चृ़ने के रहें कोगाता कै पूल. ISLM वह भाहगने उसक्चा चème के यहाँ ने due to the situation, धरन 다 ख़िः तती होंके भritos ना तर्य सबकोगत्रों न सर्ई वो उपलामेर स्मुल thể या नब नेन,ountain-2 तर्य अँ्पन Kuapple-2 तर में after-nation-3 की में न प quanto-2 फ्सब आंजा वो, र्यत थर पिस आदिंगही की साटा और � vo, output को price level के साथ लिंग करतें. So aggregate demand curve shows the relationship between the quantity of goods demanded and the price level when the goods market and the asset market are in equilibrium. Aggregate demand curve relationship show करेगा price level का aur total aggregate demand का. तीन क्या सब दिमेंगे थानेंचा। इह तीनो मिलकगर अपके फाथ अगेजीगेड दिमेंग भंती एक, तो अप्ती कि लेब्ल के साथ तो लिजनके आप तो करो लाईक गरका टिए आते हैं। Okay. So, this equilibrium point tells that Y1 is the output level and on that you have an interest rate on which this market gets cleared. So, and as I told you, this LM curve we have drawn on a given price level. So, suppose this is P1 on which we have drawn this LM curve. So, this is the E point corresponding to this Y and P space. This is the point on which your goods and assets markets are getting cleared. Okay. So, if the price level changes then what will happen? Now, you know that the change in the price level does not affect the IS curve. The LM curve affects it. So, if the price increases from P1 to a higher price level, then the LM curve will be your upward shift and the equilibrium point will go from E to F. This is your new intersection point of IS and LM curve. So, the interest rate will increase. So, if you bring this F point in this Y and P space, then now the output level has already decreased from Y1 to Y2. Okay. And why did you shift to LM2? Because of the higher price. So, this is higher price level P2 and corresponding to that F upward diagram. You have this point in the lower space. So, from here you have these two points, E and F. Okay. In the upper diagram, the E and F point are the different pairs of Y and R. Okay. On E, there is Y1 output and the interest rate you have is F1. And on F, there is Y2. So, in the lower space, you have these pairs of Y and P. So, you will join these two. Okay. So, this is your aggregate demand curve. The negatively sloped curve, i.e., the price level is increasing, then the aggregate demand is decreasing. Aggregate demand curve is unlike other demand curves which relate quantity demanded of a good to its relative price. The aggregate demand curve relates the total quantity of goods demanded to the general price level, not relative price. Aggregate demand curve shape is the same shape which is similar to the shape of individual goods in the familiar microeconomics. So, the shape is the same overall. But, why is it negatively sloped? The reasons for this are very different from the reasons for the negative slope demand curve of an individual goods in the microeconomics. You know the first difference between individual goods. So, the quantity that you take with the price is relative prices for individual goods which draw the demand curve. Whereas, the price that you take for aggregate demand curve is not relative prices. These are price levels. When the price level increases and decreases, then relative prices do not change. Similarly, the price level increases, then all the prices increase and end-wise. So, this is the difference. Secondly, if you recall the microeconomics, then you understand the negative relationship that the substitution effect is because of relative prices. That something is relatively expensive or cheap, so people substitute it. So, you had seen the second income effect. Whereas, the reasons for aggregate demand curve are entirely different from the reasons for aggregate demand curve which is negatively sloped. So, relative prices are not changing. The price level is changing. And because the price level is changing, you know what happens? The price level is increasing. For example, if the price level is increasing, then your total real money supply is reduced. You have to shift the A alarm curve. By shifting it to A alarm curve, the intersection point is i s and the alarm changes. And because of that, you have a different quantity of aggregate demand. So, today we have driven aggregate demand curve to i s A alarm curve. Remembering the situation that aggregate demand curve is negatively sloped, like the demand curve of individual goods. लेकिन बहर और उसकी रीजन्स के ये क्यो नेगे टेप्ली स्लोब नहीं यो से बहुत मुखतला फैं, जो अंदिविज्ँल गुट्स की सुरत में होती हैं। तैंकी वेरी मुज़्।