 causes of social change. As societies become more modern, they become larger and more heterogeneous. So the traditional ways of thinking are declining and individual freedom and autonomy is increasing. This is quite natural that with the involvement of technology, with the involvement of modern means of communication, people are getting influence not only from their local or domestic information but also they are getting influence from the international developments. So in this context, the functionalist theory favours the slow incremental social change. The theory of belief is that the speed at which this change is taking place is not proper for any non-human being but collectively for the betterment of a society. If the environment is going towards a rapid progress and the speed at which this change will take place, then how is it possible for their existing setup to take place? Whether it is in the context of social life, in the context of daily routine or in the context of behavioural pattern, if they have to face so many challenges, then how will they be able to co-exist with all these developments and speedy changes? They believe that the social change must be slow but on the other hand the conflict theory favours the fast, the far-reaching social change to correct what it views as social inequalities and other problems in the status quo. The functionalist thinks that the slow that the conflict theory is going to take place is that the faster the process will be, the more impact it will have. The faster the process will be, the faster the perspective will be that when there are the gaps, when there are the existing conflicts, then definitely things have to change and this speedy change will overcome these all types of conflicts. But there are definitely certain numbers, there are certain numbers of issues and causes. Those are causing the social changes. One of the main causes, they are recognised by various school of thoughts. Number one, the technology, then the social institutions, then population and then the factor of environment. These are the four fundamental factors. Every school of thought has the consensus over these four basic factors. Like the issue of technology, whether they are functionalists or those who believe in conflict theory, they all have the certain belief that due to the advancement of technology, now no one can deny the reality of the social change. The difference is not that the social change is coming or coming due to the technology. The difference is only that one school of thought is that the change should not be slow so that it gets adjusted. On the other hand, those who believe in conflict theory, they think that if the change is too speedily, then the conflict that will rise will also get calmed down with the same speed. Then the role of social institutions. In social institutions, there are institutions like Zaira family, education, religion and itself the role of the government. Now what is the role of the government here? That the sources of change in some places are playing an active role. The government must have to monitor all those sources and factors. If the government does not monitor the factors of change, then definitely they can influence the society or the concept of change in a negative sense. What is the duty of the government? That it observes any kind of society and monitors the changes that are happening there. And there the policy should be made in such a way that the responsibility should be assigned whether it is the media or the sources of information. If they play a responsible role, then definitely the speed and the nature of change must be positive. Then the increasing number of populations like Zaira, the need for change also comes and if the change is not brought in to manage the needs of the population, then the population will be out of control. The factor of the environment is the reality. People are also migrating because of the environment. Availability of agriculture products, food security, water scarcity. These all issues are increasing due to the environmental influence and impact. So we can say these all factors are influencing. They are impacting the social change and if they are interrelated, then a change in one area can lead to change throughout. To monitor these factors and observe them is the job of the state.