 The topic we are going to talk about today is about making referrals. Giving and taking referrals should be made thoroughly taking the needs and resources of the client as the first priority. There comes the stage that during the therapeutic process we find that due to any of the reasons which we will be going to talk about today there is a need to give referral to the client. Any such situation can be created in which there is a need to give referral to a person. The person asking for the referral has the right to expect the best recommendation available regardless of any financial interest that might occur to the colleague being asked for the name. It is very important to take care of this that when you go for a referral the client's financial pocket will expect how much they can pay and we will be referring to it accordingly. Appropriate referral does not mean that it should be the appropriate term of the finances. But basically finance is probably the least aspect. There are more important aspects which basically curtail the referral that is being done for the problem that can be properly catered. Because if the problem is not addressed then the resources and pocket and other things that does not make any sense that we refer a patient from one therapist to another. Making appropriate referral is part of a professional conduct for therapy in practice. This is not something which occasionally happened. This is not something which will happen once in a blue moon or in a very special circumstances. But rather it should be taken as it is being done in a practice when and where it is needed. A referral procedure should provide a seamless journey from one professional helper to another. And by using all the ethical conduct by using all the professional parameters this is very important that the referral should be made in a manner that it should become a very easy thing for a person who is going through the referral process. We have to make it so easy, conducive and better that in this process that when a therapist goes to another therapist's referral then the patient goes through this transition smoothly and does not have to start his journey from the beginning. In fact, after this referral he can continue the process of his treatment. Reasons for onward referrals. Now why we refer a patient from one therapist to another? What could be the possible circumstances where we will find that there is a need to do an appropriate referral? Working within one's competence is a key. Of course, we understand that your area of expertise the area of speciality you can work within that domain as a therapist. And thus they will be the times when making a referral becomes very important because the client who is coming to you is probably having a problem which is being diversified after a period of time and it is taking its shape and way and then you find that you need a person who can taken care of that problem in a very better manner than you and then you provide a referral to the client. Like a patient comes to you and a child at the age of an adolescence who is your client and as a therapist the therapist starts seeing him. He is probably coming with some very basic symptoms in which his depression or anxiety or initial psychosis may be symptoms he is facing. During the process of therapy may be into four to six months that he is developing a specific personality problem such as borderline personality which is another type in which you need expertise from a mood disorder to see a patient of borderline personality which is a very complex problem and it needs certain kind of expertise to deal with the patient who is going through a borderline personality is evolving in a person who is having a borderline condition. So there you can see that probably you need to refer it to someone who is expert in that area because as much as a DSM-5 rather than DSM-6 is expecting in March 2022 so as many categories as many disorders are given in DSM-5 not every therapist can be an expert. So referral could be done when you find that there is another person who is more competent than you and you can look after that patient better than yourself. So in that situation there could be possibility that referral could be made in many other situations such as if the therapist feels unsafe with the client for example if alone working in private practice a patient here who has symptoms of psychosis he is hallucinating he is having delusions and the therapist feels he is not safe enough to stay in a long time in an hour when there is no one around with the client so he may feel that as a patient who is probably having a more better clinical services available where he has an attendant a caregiver, a social worker and there are multiple people around the table and around the clinic and those emergency services could be helpful. The therapist needs others issue for example there could be a housing problem which can be clashed with the client for instance where the clinic is initially showing the client that the client is relocated now it may be difficult for the client similarly the client can be relocated and it may be difficult they could be the financial difficulties as well because with the passage of time they are the transition in different things so maybe a financial difficulties could occur and similarly the law related matters and the medical related matters they are also the issue which can be engaged in counseling so we have to see that if any of such matter occurs then the referral could be probably made. The client has a mental health issues that prevents establishment of a psychological contact In fact some people come to take therapy on the will of the family but they need more medication than therapy if a person is in a delusional phase in a hallucination they could be in danger and they will not be conducive for therapy in such a situation it is better to start the medicine and when the symptoms are active they could be a little decreased then they could be better then the counseling issues that the client is bringing is not within your area of competence as we have already talked that the person is not expert in one area for instance substance abuse substance misuse expert is different and things like that and then the agency offers a limited number of sessions and this therapist knows that this amount will be insufficient to work safely with the client as a person is engaged where in a clinic setup you are offered a certain session and you feel that during these 3 or 5 sessions you would not be able to deal properly with the client you may feel that you should do an appropriate referral rather than wasting the time in 3 to 5 sessions and you may not be able to achieve your target The therapist's modality is not a good match for the client issue for example the client needs to help overcome a fear of flying before an imminent holiday abroad and he needs the help of a flying phobia and he wants to first to seize and radicate but the therapist who is available is a person centered counselor rather than the cognitive behavior therapist so you know the cognitive behavior therapist is a person who can probably deal better with this kind of phobia and related issues rather than a person who is using the person centered approach by call rogers so we have to see the speciality we have to see the techniques which are being applied and then appropriately provide the person to the referral The client is experiencing difficulties that mirror those which were faced by the therapist himself for example giving you a parallel process giving you an example if the client wish to work on the feelings related to their divorce you want to restructure those thoughts which are being immersed in the issue related to the divorce process and by which you have a chance the therapist is also going through the same in this process while restructuring your emotional diffuse you have to face so if the both are having a parallel process going through the same emotional problem this is not advisable to go through the therapy from that person and it is much advisable to go for an appropriate referral in this situation so these are the conditions in which we can provide appropriate referrals