 Hi friends, I am Arapata Kairava. In this video I am going to talk about one of the most asked topics in the UGC-NET English paper and which is that? It is Trilogy. Since the history of UGC-NET questions on Trilogy have been constant and hence in this video I have brought for you a comprehensive list of Trilogies and not just that. Keeping in view that a lot of chronological questions are asked these days I have created mnemonics to help you remember the sequence of each and every Trilogy. Excited right? Let's dive into it but before that let's understand the meaning and history of Trilogy. So first of all let's understand the meaning of Trilogy. A Trilogy consists of three distinct works with either connections seen as either a single work or three individual ones. Now Trilogy is traced back to ancient Greece particularly in the Dionysia of festivals where set of three plays were performed alongside a fourth satire play. So that was way back in Greece. Now do you know which was the first Trilogy? Think about it. The correct answer is Orestia. Now Orestia was first performed in Athens in 458 BC which remains the sole surviving ancient Greek Trilogy. It is also claimed to be the first Trilogy. Who is the writer? It was written by Echolus an ancient Greek playwright and one of the earliest or tragic writer of ancient Greece. Now he is referred to as the father of tragedy for his significant contribution to the development of Greek drama. Now did you know that Echolus introduced the second actor to the Greek play? So this is another interesting fact. Now this Trilogy that we are going to talk about consists of three works, Egmenon, Kephero and Eudemius. Now trick to remember the sequence is to remember the word Ace. Ace stands for the three works. So you remember the title. Okay now let's look at the short summary of each of these plays. The first one is Egmenon. Now this deals with the story of Egmenon who comes to Argos after the Trojan War and his murder happens by his wife Clytemetra. Now the second work is Cleophoro or the Liberation Bureau and this is the story of vengeance of Orestes and Electra, son and daughter respectively of Egmenon who murdered their mother Clytemetra and the lover Aegis Theus. Now a question from this text was asked in UGC net 2021. So don't remember it. The third work is Eumendis. Now this tells the story of a trial of Orestes by Athena who is gondous of wisdom. In the end she sets Orestes free. A question based on this trilogy was asked again in June 2023 exam and the question is right in front of you. So you can understand by looking at the question that how important is to know the names of these triology and the plays that are a part of this trilogy. So ensure that you write it down somewhere in your notes. Also pardon me for pronunciation because these are Greek text and there are various pronunciations available for these texts. So I am just using the British pronunciation. There might be multiple other pronunciations. So you might feel as if the pronunciation is not appropriate. So pardon me for that. Okay so now move on to the second work. The next one in line is Theven Plays or the Oedipus Cycle. Now this trilogy was written by Sophocles in the 5th century BC. Now it deviates from the true trilogy concept as the plays were written separately and with different themes with different purpose. So this trilogy includes three plays. Now the first one is one of my personal favorite which is Oedipus Rex or Oedipus the King. Now this first play revolves around King Oedipus of Thebes who seeks to solve the city's plague by discovering the murder of the former King Liars. Now as Oedipus investigates he unwittingly reveals a tragic prophecy that he will kill his father and marry his mother. Now the play unfolds with Oedipus gradually realizing the horrifying truth about his own identity and his own actions. The second one is Oedipus at Colonus. Now this second play follows the now-blinded and disgraced Oedipus as he seeks refuge in a sacred groove at Colonus. Now his daughters are Antigone and Esmeen. Now they play the prominent roles as Oedipus faces the consequences of his own earlier actions. Now the play explores the themes of redemption, family ties and divine justice. The third one is Antigone. Now although this is not a direct continuation, Antigone is often considered part of this Oedipus cycle. It focuses on Oedipus' daughter Antigone who defies the King's decree to leave her brother unburied after a failed rebellion. The play delves into the themes of morality, duty and clash between individual and state authority. Now together these plays form a tragic narrative exploring the complexity of fate, free will and consequences of one's action in the context of Greek mythology and the ancient Greek society. So that was all about this particular play. Now the best way to remember these three titles are to remember this line, King and Clown are gone. Now Your King is for Oedipus the King, Clown for Colonus and Gone is for Antigone. So if you remember this line, King and Clowns are gone, you will remember the three words. Okay now before we move on to the next point here is something that I want to share. If you're preparing for UGC net paper one or paper two MA inference, PhD inference, English literature, exams like PGT-PGT, UPSC, Gay, etc. So please there is a great news for you and I would really request you to go and visit our website where you will find detailed online video course for all these exams. In all our video courses we provide you with topic wise video lectures with rich animations covering all topics in a step by step manner which works even when you've not done any previous preparation. We also provide you with high quality PDF and revision notes that covers syllabus wise topics comprehensively and ensure you qualify your dream exam in just one attempt. Along with video lectures and PDFs we also offer test series that consists of more than 3000 unit wise questions that comes with detailed explanation plus after every test you get a detailed performance report and you're ranking in the All India Leaderboard. All the details are available on the website. You can even call or WhatsApp on the number displayed on the screen and my team will be more than happy to assist you. So with that note let us move on with the video and talk about the third important triology. The next one is the Young England Triology. Now it was written by Benjamin Disraeli. Now it consists of three novels that reflect the author's political and social views during the early Victorian era. Now here is a brief summary of each of the three novels so that you don't miss out on any important information. So the first one is Cunning's Bee or The New Generation. Now the first novel follows the life of Harry Cunning's Bee and orphaned young man as he navigates the political and societal landscape of only 19th century. The narrative explores themes of political reform, social inequality and clash between the traditional aristocracy and the rising industrial and financial classes. So that was the first novel. Second is Sybil or The Two Nations. Now this second installment Sybil focuses on the stark contrast between the two nations. Now what are these two nations? The first one is the wealthy aristocracy and the second one is the impoverished working class. So this novel addresses issues of social justice, workers' right and need for political reform. The character of Sybil represents the plight of the working class and the narrative underscores the importance of understanding and addressing societal disparities very similar to what we see with Charles Dickens' novel. The third one is Tankrit or The New Crusade. Now this is the final novel, the concluding novel of the trilogy. This takes a completely different turn by incorporating elements of exoticism and Orientalism. The novel follows the journey of Tankrit, a young Englishman, as he travels to the Middle East in search of spiritual and political enlightenment. The narrative explores themes of cultural identity and religious exploration and the intersection of Western and Eastern civilization. So this entire trilogy collectively represents Benjamin DeShreilly's vision for a revitalized Toshini harmonious England, addressing the challenges of his time through a blend of political commentary and as well as a fictional storytelling. So very, very beautiful. I personally read it and I've loved it. The best way to remember the names of these three works are if you remember Cunning Generation, Civil Nation and Tankrit Crusade. So if you remember these three words, you will remember the entire novel. Okay, a trilogy. Now let's move on to the next one which is the New York Trilogy. It is written by Paul Oster. Now it is a series of three interrelated detective stories. The first one is City of Glass, second is Ghosts and the third is The Logged Room. Okay, now let us look at the story or the plot of each of them. So City of Glass, the story revolves around the writer named Daniel Quinn who after receiving a mysterious phone call meant for a real detective takes on the role himself. So this decision leads him into a complex and surreal investigation that blurs the line between reality and that of fiction. The second one is Ghosts. Okay, you might remember Henry Gibson because he had written this work with same title. Now this installment introduces Private Detective Blue who is hired to follow a man named Black. As Blue delves into the case, he becomes entangled in a web of identity and in three uncovering the secrets that challenges his own understanding of what reality is. So very very complicated work. The third one is Logged Room. Now in this final part, there's an anonymous writer. Now this writer has been given the task of completing the works of his vanished friend. As he immerses himself in his friends' writing and life, he finds that fiction and reality becomes increasingly difficult to separate, leading to a captivating exploration of identity and storytelling. Now how do you remember the names of these three works? If you can just remember this. In the city of Glass, they keep Ghosts in a logged room. So if you remember these three, you are good to go. Now we move on to the fifth work which is Wesker Trilogy. It was written by the mannequin playwright Arnold Wesker. It is another important trilogy which has been asked quite a few times in the previous exam. Now this trilogy is composed of following works. The first one is Chicken Soup with Barley. Second is Roots and third is I am talking about Jerusalem. Jerusalem, I'm sure you know, is a very famous city associated with Christianity. Now this first work, Chicken Soup with Barley, is revolving around a family in London's East End and spans several decades capturing the impact of political and social changes on their lives. It particularly focuses on the character of Sarah. Now this novel explores her political awakening and her disintegration of a family. Then we have Roots which is the second play. This novel continues the saga of the family delving into the lives of younger generation. It examines their struggles with identity, relationship and legacy of the family's socialist ideas which is set against the backdrop of this changing European society. And the third one is I am talking about Jerusalem where it is also known as the Friends. Now this is a trilogy which focuses on characters in 1970s, exploring the efforts and purpose to find meaning that has shifted in this entire world. So this entire Wesker Trilogy is celebrated for its portrayal of working class life especially and the examination of political ideologies and the rich character development across the three interconnected place. Now how do you remember the three works in the Wesker Trilogy? Just remember this, Arnold was shocked to find Roots in the Chicken Soup when he was in Jerusalem. So if you can just remember this you will be good to go. Last is the Empire Trilogy. Now this is a very famous trilogy written by J. G. Ferrell. Now it consists of three historical novels set in the British Empire specifically during the British Raj in India. Now what are these three novels? The first one is Troubles which is set in Ireland in the aftermath of World War I and the story follows an English man named Benderin Archer who visits a hotel and becomes entangled in the complexity of the Irish politics and societal upheaval. Now the second work is Seize of Krishnapur. Now this novel is set during the Indian rebellion of 1857. Now British residence in the fictional town of Krishnapur faces a siege by Indian rebels and the story explores the impact of colonialism and clash of cultures, something similar to what we see in passage to India. Last is the Singapore Grip. Now the final novel is set in Singapore as the title suggests just before the Japanese invasion during the World War II. It follows the lives of various characters during a British rubber plantation owner against the backdrop of the war and the decline of British Empire. So this entire empire triology which is written by J. G. Ferrell is acclaimed for its satirical and insightful portrayal of British Empire and its unraveling in different regions in historical periods. Now here are few things that you should definitely remember. Seize of Krishnapur received 1973 Booker Prize in 2010. Troubles was retrospectively awarded the Lost Man Booker Prize created to recognize works published in 1970. Now how do you remember these three works? Just remember Troubles led to Seize in Krishnapur and Grip on Singapore. So if you remember this slide you'll be good to go. Okay now this brings us to the end of the video. I hope you like the video and the mnemonics that I designed for you to remember the sequence. Let me know in the comments section how would you design your own mnemonics to memorize the triologies. I would be really interested to know how creative you can get. So with that note I would like to take your leave. 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