 Welcome back to another behavior beast This one's gonna be kind of an introduction to a couple of things that affect how reinforcement and punishment happen We go into all this stuff in greater detail In other videos so but but this is kind of your first shot at it So the first thing that you need to know is that reinforcement punishment there were right, but there's more than two There's I mean we talked about four kinds We talked about positive reinforcement negative reinforcement positive punishment negative punishment But we also need to understand that each one of those can be divided into two others right we've got Condition punishers and condition reinforcers none conditional reinforcers none conditional punishers often called unconditioned But either way anyway getting ahead of myself a little bit The point is is that we need to understand that there's things that affect how reinforcement functions and punishment functions And one of those things is really simple So so let me back up a little bit and talk about unconditional reinforcers So an unconditional reinforcer is something that's just a natural reinforcer right he has no pairing or no No sort of modification process to make it a reinforcer so food sex water warmth That's sort of stuff some of your really basic things that keep you as an organism alive Those are the things that are probably Considered unconditional reinforcers I say probably because there's a little bit of argument in the field about what is an unconditioned reinforcer and what isn't But in general it's that food sex water warmth stuff We can do a billion jokes about that stuff, but that's enough for now all right So the point being that we can work with those unconditional reinforcers and I like the food one All right, so let's focus on the food one because if we're focusing on food Then what we need to know is that an unconditional reinforcer is only the food as an unconditional reinforcer is only Works if the motivating operations are established properly. Well, what does that mean? That means that Food is a motivator to an organism that hasn't eaten food in a while if I've consumed all the food in my pockets And I'm kind of full then it's probably not likely that I will work for food right now because I've satiated right But if you deprive me of food if you take food away or keep me in a to a hungry organism hungry, right? So what's hunger hunger is time since last meal So if we have an organism that hasn't eaten food in a while guess what food's going to be reinforcing That's a motivating operation if the organism is satiated on food then food's not going to be a valuable reinforcer So if we want to use reinforcers and punishers, we better make sure that they're valuable We better make sure that we've established the appropriate motivating operations To change the value of these stimuli to make sure that they do what they're supposed to do to have an effect on the world, right? So even with the unconditional ones that there's things that make them happen and not effective and not effective That's one of the things that people get so frustrated with about this field is they go well I gave the kid candy and it just wasn't reinforcing. Well, maybe the kid was full Right, so you never know. There's all sorts of things. So some of the other stuff I want to talk to you about is The difference between unconditioned and conditioned reinforcers or unconditioned and conditioned punishers a conditioned punisher a conditioned reinforcer It's just something that's been paired with another reinforcer. That's really all it is or a punisher So and it's been paired with a when the pairing needs to happen with a particular stimulus and The unconditioned reinforcer the unconditioned punisher So folks my point is is that here's the first interaction between classical conditioning and operating conditioning Right, this is where stuff starts to get really convoluted and some people go well behavior super simple yet by our shirt You'll understand that it's not the point is is that operating conditioning and classical conditioning start to interact here Here's where we start to build those new Reinforcers well, how do we build new reinforcers repeated parents? So we could get really naughty here all sorts of stuff predicts sex and becomes reinforcing because it's been paired with sex lingerie for example, maybe a certain song or whatever Speaking of a song now. I'm not getting all excited. No, maybe not. But anyway, um, so Or it could be a punisher if I think of that song X wipes So so folks what I'm getting at is really simple Punishers and reinforcers are either unconditioned or conditioned We develop we make them conditioned by pairing a stimulus repeatedly with an unconditioned stimulus with an unconditioned reinforcer and unconditioned Punisher right so that way we have the world around us as as all sorts of things that may be reinforcing It may be reinforcing for me to walk among the rocks Why I don't know we could come up with all sorts of reasons But we'd have to find out right we have to find out if something's a reinforcer by seeing if it changes behavior If it's a punisher by reducing behavior What this allows us to do is develop a wide wide range of Stimulay that are reinforcing and punishing it also leads to some of the complexity of behavior and some of the individual differences That we're going to talk about in another video, right? So just remember that the same stimulus is not necessarily a reinforcer and a punisher for everyone The ones that are the same are the unconditioned right so the other stuff on unconditioned punishers I've never really got into it. It's pretty much anything that harms the organism or and interestingly enough Extreme whatever's can be punishing so I could take an extreme odor extreme sound an extreme sight and all that stuff can be Punishing right that's done through that's that's your Unconditioned Punishers and we compare other things with those that predict those and those in turn become punishing So we can use a wide range of stimuli for punishment. We can use a wide range of stimuli for reinforcement That's what we've got those are the tools that start us to allow us to build behavior build voluntary responses using classic using Selection by consequences. That is the way our feet our behavior works That's that's the core pieces of Operant behavior of voluntary responses. I think that's enough for now I'm probably gonna get a little wet if I do anything else So I'll see you later and on a day like today being wet would be highly punishing. Take care. Have a good one