 Hey everybody, Dr. O here. This video we're going to cover one of the most important topics in anatomy and physiology and that is your surface anatomy terms or your superficial anatomy. Now the reason this is so important, like this is going to be a longer video but I want you to watch it multiple times. I want you to try to master this terminology now because it's going to make your entire life easier as you move forward through A and P and then also through your clinical courses. And that's because once you know these terms, it's going to make it that much easier for you to name your bones, muscles, joints, arteries, veins, nerves and lymphatics because these are the terms we use to describe where those things are. So I mean you could use so many different examples but like the axilla, the armpit is called the axilla or the axillary area. So you now know where the axillary artery, axillary nerve, axillary vein, you know where these things are once you know these terms. So super, super important. All right, before we dive in, I will kind of zoom in so you can see things better. This guy is standing in the anatomical position. I've covered that in a separate video but that means he's standing up, standing erect, standing up, everything's facing forward. Feet forward, palms of his hands are forward, eyes facing forward. So unless you're told otherwise, someone is in the anatomical position. Now if he was laying on his back, he'd be supine, supine on your spine. If he was laying on his stomach, he'd be prone. Just so you understand, because that's the term, that's the position that he's in. This is to minimize confusion. All right, so let's just couple of the key examples here. So the frontal area is your forehead. That's where your frontal bone is. The cranium would be the skull there. Faces or face, we don't use that term very much. Orus means mouth or oral. It's like if you give an oral presentation, you're using your mouth. So you're going to learn a muscle later called the orbicularis oris. We now know where that is. Your chin is mentis, so I always think of the thinker, the statue of the guy sitting there with his hand on his chin thinking. That's why your chin is called your mental area. Orus or orbit is for the eye. So the orbicularis or ocularis muscle will be around the eye. Bucca means cheek. So we have a muscle there called the buccanator or buccanator. Orus or odic for your ear. Odic is the term that I use most often. Nasus or nose, nasal, nothing too big there. And then your neck is going to be your services or cervical. So that's why your cervical vertebrae are there in your neck. Next area, so I already mentioned the axilla is your armpit. That's one that comes up quite a bit. Your arm is called the brachium. So speaking of terminology, this whole thing isn't your arm. This part up here is the arm. This is your forearm down here. So the brachium is your arm. So you'll see that the brachial muscles, brachial arteries, et cetera, are going to be there. The anticubitus is the front of the elbow. The anti-brachium there would be your forearm. Your wrist is your carpus. So as I say, people say carpe diem sees the day. Well, you see something with your hands. So your carpus is going to be your wrist bones there. Then your fingers are going to be your digits or your phalanges, the palm of your hand, just like you already know. Then your thumb is called the pollux on that side. Other side, this is going to be your thoracic region, your chest, everything above the diaphragm is in the thoracic region. Mamma or mammary for breasts, think mammary glands, abdominal or abdomen, you know that one. The umbilicus, your belly button, I couldn't think of it there. I think of all these terms were not that. The umbilica region there would be where your umbilic cord was attached. Hip, the word for hip is coxal. So we have our pelvic bones as a group are called the oscoxa or coxal bones. Your groin or inguinal. So we'll use the term inguinal quite a bit. We'll talk about the inguinal canal when we talk about the male reproductive system. And then you have the pubis there. So those are going to be all the key ones in this area. Let's, and again, I know I'm flying through these, but just I want to make sure you know what they sound like or at least how I say them and get a quick introduction to them. It's going to take a long time to master these. We need to apply them for them for you to really get it, but you got to lay a foundation here. All right, so we already covered. So now we're down, you see the patella or is where your kneecap would be, the patella area. The front of your lower limb there is called the crust. Now notice when we say legs, again, this whole thing isn't your leg. You actually have the thigh or femoral region on the top. The leg is just the bottom. So it's kind of weird, right? But in A and P, the arm is only the top of the arm. The leg is only the bottom of the leg, but no big deal. So your ankle bones, your ankle region is called your tarsus. So your wrist was your carpals. Your tarsal bones are going to be there in your ankle. Same for your toes, though, are going to be your digits and your phalanges. Your great toe or your big toe, toe number one is called the halux, whereas your thumb was the pollux. So we mentioned the pelvic area earlier. We mentioned inguinal pubis as well. So the femur or the thigh region is going to be the femoral region. That's going to be where your femoral artery is, et cetera. Then we have the foot. I usually call it the pedal, but pez or pedal are the terms used for foot. Think about pushing down a gas pedal. So that one makes sense at least. Now we have the entire back here. Let me go ahead and zoom in. So your head is called your cephalic region. So with your directional terms, you'll see cephalic and cranial are kind of used interchangeably. We already covered the neck as the surfaces area. Oh, I didn't say that your thoracic cavity here on the front, but your thoracic vertebrae, your thoracic spine will be in the same area on the back. Another term for your shoulder is acromial. So you're going to see the acromion process, which is part of the AC joint is going to be right there. Your back is dorsum or dorsal. Think dorsal fin on a shark or a dolphin. We already covered brachium. The back of the elbow is called the electronon. That's going to be where the electronon process and electronon fossa are going to be. Your low back is called the lumbar region, which means loins. That's going to be where your lumbar spine is. Sacrum, right below your lumbar vertebrae, that the sacrum and coccyx make up your tailbone there. As we already said, the forearm is the anti-brachium. The hand is called the manis. So I think you do manual labor with your hand. So the hand as a unit is called manis. Oh, what do we got here? Gluteus, so your buttock area is called the gluteal region. That's going to be where your gluteus maximus muscle is. Femoral region, same on the front and the back. The front of the knee was called the battella. The back of the knee is called the popliteus, and that's going to be where the popliteus muscle is. Your calf is called the sura. So you won't see this term very often anymore, but there is something called the triceps sura, or surae, which is going to be your soleus muscle and the gastrocnemius muscles. All your calf muscles as a group are called the triceps surae because the calf is called the sura, or surae. Your heel is called the calcaneus. You're going to see this. People talk about the Achilles tendon. It's actually called the calcaneal tendon because it's attached to the heel there. The planter surface of your foot is the sole of your foot, and then that's it. All right, so again, I know we're just kind of flying through these. You have to study these, but I at least wanted you to hear them come out of my mouth so you know how I say them. And I also wanted to remind you, super important to learn these terms. The more you learn right now here in chapter one, the easier things are going to be when you're naming bones, muscles, joints, arteries, veins, nerves, lymphatics. So it's going to help you a lot in the future. I hope this helps. Have a wonderful day. Be blessed.