 Good morning everybody welcome we're delighted to have you here this morning my name is John Hammary the president CSIS and just delighted to welcome you I there are too many problems in the world and I think we ought to be start looking at solutions in the world and I think that's what we're gonna do today and I think that this should be a source of a great deal of optimism and energy and hope and that's what we're going to spend our time together today digging into a very interesting topic and I just want to say welcome to all of you you're going to be very important part of the success of this rollout by your interaction with the panel and with the speakers that are here today and so I count on all of you to be very actively engaged so please make this or this should be something very vibrant and I think it will be if I were to tell you that over the last several months scientists have discovered an enormous energy source for the world and the best news is that this enormous energy source is located in the poorest countries in the world and it's just there ready to be tapped and if we tap it we're going this energy source is going to double and triple the GDP growth in these countries you know this would be global news absolutely global news and that's what it is we do have that we haven't thought about it this way we've tended to think I'm a security guy you know I don't you know it's my problem so we tend to look at unemployment as a problem and it's about time that we start looking at this large reservoir is an enormous resource a resource that could transform this world to a much much better place if we're thoughtful and creative about it that's what we're going to explore today that's what this is about now if you're going to tap into a new energy source you have to know something about it you know you have to understand it you have to characterize it you know we don't drill a well you know into a reservoir without studying the geology of that well to know how do we do it safely how do we do it effectively how do we get maximum output so we need to understand the geology of it so we need to understand the geology the topography of this marvelous new energy resource that's all around us and that's what this wellness index youth wellness index is trying to do this is just a starting point we have to understand it's a starting point but it's a starting point for something really important really big and it's with that mindset that I would like to invite all of you today to engage with our panelists who are going to be digging in and exploring this wonderful new topic let me say a very special thanks to our partners on this the International Youth Foundation of course was the creative spark to imagine the possibilities of this and and Hilton International made it possible and it's a this is unusual to be honest because there are very few corporations that would see a much larger underlying strategic force as being something that they should make an investment in and if you think about it the really great strategic issues of our day it's about energy it's about water it's about untapped human capacity those are really the strategic forces it's hard for an old defense guy to say you know that we like to think about our bombers and stuff you know but what's really powerful is these resources that could transform the world that we know and we have an opportunity to get into that with these colleagues so I welcome all of you I want to say thank you to our partners our friends Nicole you've done a fabulous job you and dad have done a fabulous job and I think we should get on with the real program I'm just ornamental but I didn't want to say thank you and glad that you're all here today thank you very much the world's population today is under 25 one in every four people is between the ages of 10 and 24 these approximately 1.8 billion young people comprise the largest youth generation in human history in some countries young people are nearly 40 percent of the population roughly 85 percent live in developing and emerging economies and fragile states some view this demographic group as a challenge but there's greater opportunity if their talent and resources are harnessed to spur growth and create vibrant peaceful communities this first-ever global youth well-being index examines how youth are faring globally and compares how they're doing across six interconnected areas of their lives 30 countries representing nearly 70% of the world's youth are ranked from high well-being to low overall this inaugural index finds the large majority of the world's youth living countries at or near the bottom of the well-being rankings however in several countries Indonesia for example youth are often optimistic about their current status and their future in spite of their environment and on the other hand young people in wealthier countries such as Russia often have more negative outlooks young people in richer countries like Australia and the UK tend to have higher levels of well-being than those in less wealthy nations but money doesn't always buy youth success Spain scores well overall but high youth unemployment is a huge problem similarly the US lags in youth health and citizen participation conversely Vietnam's results demonstrate how youth may be well-served even when resources are constrained and nations ranking lower in well-being may score high in specific areas for example India and Tanzania ranked near the top in citizen participation on average across all countries youth are strongest in health and weakest in economic opportunity now is the time to invest in strategic policies and programs that engage and equip youth to be productive and reach their aspirations if this transformative generation thrives so do we all thank you very much dr. Hamry it's really a pleasure to see you all today I'm Nicole Golden I'm the director of the youth prosperity and security initiative here at CSIS and had the privilege to lead the global youth will being index project with our friends and partners at IYF and Hilton Worldwide you're gonna hear a little more for me later about the some of the more details of the index flushing out the video we just saw a little bit but for now to really get us started and to help set the stage it's it's my privilege to ask our esteem plenary panelists to join me on stage our moderator is Alona Mankowski she is a host with Huffington Post Live or HuffPost Live as they say we have Chris Nasada who is the chairman and CEO of Hilton Worldwide my friend and colleague Mr. Bill Reese the president and CEO of the International Youth Foundation and of course my colleague Kath Hicks is the senior vice president the Kissinger chair and the international security program director here at CSIS so welcoming to the stage for what I know is going to be a very engaging conversation to kick off our event welcome everyone hear me so good morning everyone I want to thank CSIS first of all for letting me participate in the launch of this first ever global youth well-being index technically I'm a little aged out of what counts as youth here but thanks a lot no I'm just joking but it doesn't mean that I don't still relate and understand that this is something that that matters to all of us it doesn't matter how old anyone is right because put it quite simply this is about the future and so when you use that figure I think that the 1.8 billion young people of age between 10 and 24 in the world today are the largest youth generation we've ever seen I think that that both offers a lot of hope and it also can be a little terrifying it makes the challenges that lie ahead seem all that much much more daunting and so I think that it's incredible to see what young people are doing today you look at a place like Silicon Valley look at the technologies that these young tech geniuses are creating that are helping us connect with everyone around the world and you know they're becoming some of the youngest billionaires and billionaires and most of us don't even think twice about it we just download an app on our smartphone and don't realize how much it's really changed things but we also know that young people have disproportionately been affected by the global financial crisis that more than half the young people in the world are either unemployed or underemployed and this is leading to both social unrest protest movements revolutions and these can be very tricky waters to navigate and of course this doesn't even start to get into what it's like I think for young people who live in an environment where fear and violence are pervasive every single day doesn't matter if it's a drug cartel or a suicide bomber or a drone strike you can imagine that that's going to change the way that you develop and what your opportunities are the lie ahead so I think that it's really great that there's something that is trying to look at the way that these varying ways that young people around the world live and trying to piece together some of that data to see what people can do together what young people can learn from each other and I think that it really is fundamental the young people are involved in this process right we're not just talking about them but making sure that they're part of the process of changing the future so I think that this youth well-being index global youth well-being index can be a good tool to foster that so enough for me I'm sorry you're here to hear the panelists but I would love to start by just hearing a few opening remarks from each of you as to why it is that your organization is participating here and why you think of this index is important so Chris perhaps we could start with you yeah happy to start first a big thank you to CSIS and my friends at IYF where I serve on on the board and have for a number of years this is the culmination of a number of years of work obviously to arrive at this what I think is a very important day and from our my point of view clearly one of the most important issues that we're dealing with the world today in fact we were talking back in preparation for coming out to have the discussion that you know having participated in the world economic form over the years and having recognized with my work with Bill and just through our business that this is you know certainly one of the you know I think the biggest issue we're dealing with in the world today it hasn't been an issue that really you know has been discussed around the world the way in my mind it should be in the sense of really getting governments and the civil society and business which is why I'm here to really think in about the issues and figure out how to really attack not just the the problem but as John I think said so well the opportunity so I think this is an important day for for lots of reasons but not the least of which is really you know it's starting to make sure that you know that we're helping assist the dialogue to try and address the issue and when you think about WEF and other other forms now this is really moved to the to the top of the agenda so it's it's amazing to be here from our point of view from I'll speak for business as we have subject matter experts here that that can speak to it from a different perspective and it's a pretty it's a very straightforward perspective that I have one as was already discussed and people in this room are familiar with the issue there is a huge problem now I'll talk there's also an opportunity as John articulated so well but today we have 75 million youth around the world that aren't employed and so what does that mean in a simple way and you mentioned it and Lana in your opening comments you have youth that don't have a line of sight to something better right and I see it all the time I see it as I travel the world for a living we're in a hundred countries around the world and we employ a lot of youth and you can you just see and we know from Arab Spring and other other things that are going on in the world that a lot of the the problems that we're seeing are just you know I hate to say this way but people have too much time they don't have a view that there's something better for them and so they have time to sit around and think about things that maybe aren't that productive importantly and as John already covered there's a huge economic impact to have you know 75 million youth that are not engaged in in the in the economies around the world that are helping drive growth and prosperity and more opportunity in those markets so there's clearly a huge a huge problem there's an opportunity and I'll speak a little bit you know I'm in the hotel business travel and tourism business so maybe the risk of you know talking about our business a little bit but it does relate very directly there's there's both an opportunity and a necessity for us to be involved the opportunity is travel and tourism is one of the biggest industries on earth 9% of global GDP travel and tourism is one in 11 jobs in the world the best estimates are the travel and tourism is going to generate 75 million in taxes equin Stanley match up with 75 million unemployed at 75 million new jobs in the next 10 years well they'll probably be if we don't do something about that 75 million unemployed is going to grow but yes maybe problem solved so there's a tremendous opportunity to match that up we can talk about later how we do that with you know sort of getting a better match of skills but there's tremendous opportunity I would say from my point of view why I'm on the stage why we were so interested in partnering with CSIS and I way up and why I'm so involved with Bill and his team is that it's a necessity to write so I am running a business and why I do care I'm a father of six daughters I have you a lot of youth around my house and I care about these issues because I care about opportunities in the world generally it's also a business necessity in the sense that if you look at where we're growing all the 75 million new jobs all the growth and travel and tourism not all of it but a lot of it is disproportionately in exactly the same places the emerging markets where you have these huge problems of unemployment and skills mismatch and and we need the youth to be employable to deliver service to our guests as we grow in those parts of the world and if we don't do it whether it's South Africa we're working with I way up for Saudi Arabia or India or whether the list goes on and on and on we won't succeed right so it's it's actually a business necessity now the well-being index which is the culmination of an amazing partnership and hundreds of people's work to get to this day again a very simple philosophy and then I'll turn it over to others which is you can't manage what you don't measure right so when I think about making a business decision that we're going to move into a new country or new region of the world we do a lot of analytical work to understand you know what kind of capital resources human resources do we need to allocate how do we do it to maximize the opportunity for success and we do a huge amount of research there's a lot of data involved and we make judgments hopefully we make good judgments but those judgments are based on a you know sort of data-rich environment I think when you really think about these issues that are you know been around for a while but have not been at the forefront there's been a massive lack of transparency and data with which to make good investment decisions whether that's human capital or financial capital and so the well-being index is the start of that right and we need a lot more data and we got it we have to expand it beyond 30 countries there's a lot more work to do but it's an amazing launch into the next layer of creating transparency so that it's all of governments around the world working with civil society and increasingly trying to engage the business community around the world into it that we can make allocation we can allocate resource allocation decisions that make good sense to attack the problem which is not the same in every region of the world as you're gonna see when we're done we'll see a lot of that in the report thanks Chris let's we have a lot to cover here Bill let's hear from you well Chris as well stated the business imperative and then maybe a parental imperative if you've got six to get employed I've only got four that with the same worries but and thank you for John for telling us that the six and four are resources and problems play to them they have a bit of a skills yeah yeah but we've got a mission imperative at IYF our mission is only dealing with teenagers and young adults and we were born about 24 years ago just before they started talking about this youth bulge now the youth bulge can become a security and economic and humanitarian worry and even maybe a disaster and it can become that resource for development and change that John talked about and I and we shouldn't be Pollyanna about this but he's absolutely right when you look at things as as optimistically you you you bring different solutions to the problem we have believed at IYF for years that effectiveness scale and sustainability and who can be against any of the three of those but are at the core of what development practitioners ought to be doing and for us effectiveness means then investing in proven practice programs methodologies curricula strategies that get at results that are measured that are time bound that are compared to other data sets you have to know what you're doing well-intentioned I think this will work isn't enough in in in today's world and in in any sphere but let alone when you're talking about this cohort that is the largest cohort of young people percentage wise and in numbers in the history of the world so we have to invest infectively if we don't get to scale with our solutions we're just then sort of tinkering around and there are there are places for pilot projects and small innovative new things that you try but you have to then evaluate them and figure out if it's worth doing then let's go to scale and sustainability to me is the sort of the flip side of scale you don't get sustainable if you don't get to scale and if you if you get to scale and can't be sustainable and sustainability isn't just who's going to give you a grant for three years and then who will pay for years four five and six sustainability is policy sustainability is capacity building it is about resources but it's about political will and getting that issue higher up on flagpole and Chris is absolutely right at the Clinton global initiative at Aspen at the World Economic Forum at all these great places and think tanks like this that have been talking about the world's problems for a number of years youth are not usually there they've gotten up there recently but more about woe is me what the hell are we going to do about it rather than solution oriented so an index for us is precisely a tool and it's not our index it's going to be yours that we hope that governments NGOs civil society's business core business their CSR and philanthropic programs the big donors the small donors the faith based folks when they think about youth could they then look at an index and even use the index in their own context to say of all these domains that that that Nicole will talk about in the domains I must tell you track precisely with the world development report of 2007 and its lead writer is going to be on our respondent panel many human is no one better to talk about this later in the morning they talk about I still think even though 2007 can sound like eons ago it's still the best single document on youth development it talks about youth development as transitions from childhood to adulthood and the transitions are through education are through health through citizenship through employability or gaining those skills to get a job and keep a job those are the domains of our index and those domains can tell us where to invest intelligently and that could be a host government because even in some of the poorest countries of the world their largest expenditure is in education it's just not being well spent but it's the expenditures of foreign aid agencies of businesses of investors of CSR programs of philanthropies how can we steer resources and resources aren't just money to it could be intellectual property it could be of course the capacity building of the right institutions to do these things but how can we as business civil society and then they have married with a major think tank here whose business is about international relations development and security to look at this not as youth as a nice interesting side show over here a special interest group but a core piece of what we're talking about we think this index then can help us all invest better and have better results let me add my my voice to those applauding the effort to bring the index together for the security community I think it's incredibly important and it highlights many of the factors that we look to to think about where states and regions are headed what their trajectory is so the the index particularly as it grows over time and is populated more data rich over time will be incredibly valuable to the security community I think for the broader debate or discussion discourse in the public about what it means to have youth bulges also it provides that granularity that's really lacking in that discussion and that's been highlighted I think by everyone here so I would just say that you know it is absolutely the case that it's a it's a two-edged sword there is a huge potential in the youth in the world and it's really the the inability to to realize that potential that leads to security failures secretary Clinton then secretary Clinton in 2012 after the ouster of the Tunisian president went to Tunisian spoke about the importance of youth and she said the world ignores you at its peril and I think that that's true and as you start to flesh out through the index the particulars of economic disaffection combined with a lack of participation in democracy combined with large numbers of youth you start to see the factors that can don't always but can build together to create real problems for the world community so I I'm going to stop there because I think most has been said and I'll turn it back over to you thank you well I one of the things that this is actually addressed in the report itself too but I would love to hear more specifically Bill from you about this is is it even right to just bundle the youth together into one group we know that it's not a monolithic group we know that based on your gender your geographic location your economic opportunities things can be very different from people there so are there any downsides to you for making something that is a global youth well-being index that maybe isn't taking into that isn't paying attention to specific particulars that really split up these different groups depending on like I said socioeconomic status where they live etc no I don't think there any downsides at all there are certainly within the data when you talk about 30 countries or 70% or 200 countries and 100% of the youth of the world we're going to want to dig deeper into actual segments of youth younger youth middle-aged youth older youth young adults and culturally and politically and demographically countries define youth in very different terms 12 to or 14 or to 18 to 21 to 29 Africans look at youth until their mid 30s I guess my kids in their mid 30s would still like to be called youth so I would pay some of their credit card bills but but that that I don't think is important because the index will help us compare and frame some needs and look at countries as where they're doing better where they have some gaps and then we can do compare across countries not to name and shame at all but to learn from this so we invest better governments need to do that better locally statewide federally in the larger countries more and more the solutions are coming at the local levels and we need to give tools to people to figure out those that those education health and other components of wellness and certainly uh a young person's aspirations for the future and their hope can are not as as measured easily and scientifically as other things but terribly important Queen Rania of Jordan is on our board of directors and she was one day talking about the hope gap this was about the time when we were all talking about the digital gap and I wanted to pull her out more what she meant I thought I knew but I wanted the other people in the room to hear her and she was basically saying a young person who has no one in their family who's ever had a job in the real formal economy doesn't have any role models why stay in school why play by the rules why try to get ahead why try to work hard for the payoff that's coming later on young people need a sense of hope and we've we've built in some psychological and security personal security and aspirational type things into the index which can some people might say we'll make that a little fuzzy because that's not as clear as how many people actually graduated from sixth grade but though that that part of the index is also very important because young people have to have to buy into their own futures to have to have a sense we wrote a paper and Laurie Harnick is is here from Microsoft and will be on the respondent panel too we wrote a paper two years ago called opportunity for action preparing young people for 21st century livelihoods and we see the Hilton paper we wrote a year ago with with Chris and his company creating opportunities for health for for youth in in hospitality that's 73 million that jobs that are out there and this index as being two very clear concrete action items to push the agenda forward the Microsoft paper said this is a global problem it is different the statistics and the cultural and economic and political are all different but this is a problem that no country in the world is is is immune from and just look at Spain what's happened to them in the last couple of years i i agree with everything bill that just said and i think your question is a great one and one that's worth emphasizing a little bit and angle on it which is i i lightly reference to my introductory comments which is we don't we're not trying to say in the launch of this index that we have everything we need yet okay this is a place to start like a lot of things and and part of the issue is and i i think i said it is there's just a general lack of transparency so i couldn't agree more there are there are a number of demographic differences whether it's age gender sexual orientation whatever it might be religious orientation that are subsets of all these things so i think there is a risk in homogenizing youth the point of the index is not to do that the point of the index is to create a dialogue um to use it a bit as a megaphone to uh to get civil society governments and business to work together to figure out in a very granular way exactly what you're talking about so that as we think about problems in various regions and countries and and even within regions within countries what are the the specific solutions that address the most dramatic problems but the only way getting back to you can't manage what you don't measure that we can do that is bringing more visibility to this issue and getting all the parties that should be at the table to focus on more data more information and data upon which with which we can make resource allocation decisions that focus on that type of granularity it's not i mean this is a great start it gives us a certain level of granularity that is better than anything that exists as far as we can see today but my own view is there's a lot further to go to really do this problem to that point chris uh to how is it then that you are going to convince other businesses that while the untapped resources are there and this seems obvious because the numbers are there right in terms of the amount of people and the amount of youth that could be employable as you said right now your company is planning on employing what one million or connecting preparing and employing one million young people by 2019 how is it though that you convince other businesses to invest their money in countries and in parts of the world where there is a lot of instability i think that the honest answer is it's going to be hard to convince some okay um that's that's just the truth but i think there are many that are getting engaged in this issue not not just hospitality or travel and tourism but across a broad spectrum of industries as i said you know it was a major topic of discussion when when i was in davos across a broad range of industries and i think the way with business because you know people that are running businesses as much as they might care about the broader implications for society and cultures around the world their fiduciaries that are there to ultimately they're paid to maximize the value of of their businesses and the growth and profitability that's what they're there to do and they have to always sort of look through that lens i think the practical reality is not just for my business or broader travel and tourism but across all industries it's a necessity and i think when you really sit down and and i do and talk to other CEOs and bill does uh very very you know frequently you you recognize that today while a few years ago they didn't maybe understand the issue that they're running up against it every day as they're trying to run their businesses and grow their businesses particularly as um most of the global businesses around the world are indexing to higher growth in the emerging markets and so it it's not happening as quickly short answer it's not happening not everybody's going to buy in it's not happening as as quickly as as you'd like it to happen but i think the the trajectory is pretty steep at this point and i think it's out of simple necessity that people are realizing i can't do what i need to do either in the service business or highly skilled job what it really doesn't matter um in in all levels of of employment youth need to be engaged in the process and CEOs i think are starting to realize that and those that are really you know have a vision in terms of the long term potential and opportunities in their business i think will will very quickly sort of rally around this always important right play the long game not the not the short game Kathleen i think that one of the the issues that is constantly not addressed enough is the impact that conflict has on young people uh you know you just think about kids that are raised in environments where they've never really known what it's like to not constantly as i said earlier uh be in fear or feel like there's some type of a threat there um and you know we are seeing this all over the world obviously we even think about a country like afghanistan are we've been there for 13 years we know that for decades before that uh you know the the russians were there i mean this is a country that has constantly been in a state of conflict and i just think that psychologically we have to kind of tap into how this affects young people how they think about their prospects for the future what the possibilities might be how it affects their their entire development and you know to go back to what bill was saying earlier talk about that hope gap so maybe you could give us some thoughts on that absolutely i i think bill said it very well there there is an incredible long-term impact and undocumented impact that conflict has on youth jordan is an excellent example where you see syrian refugees flowing in in just unbelievable numbers into jordan and you have children there who are growing up with this as the context of all that they know and it compounds everything else they're the economic problems the health problems obviously mental health issues and can have an incredible effect perpetuating conflict itself again because of a sense of that's what they know and that's the world that they that they expect into the future and this is where you know whether it's business looking at political risk and whether to invest or it's looking at how to break that cycle this is where governance is incredibly important and an index like this isn't going to solve that problem but it can help to really illuminate those issues of participate participation excuse me in democrat democratic institutions um how much the governments are building a middle class what kind and that helps whether you're a public investor like usa id or you're a private investor it helps you think about where the areas where this country or this area this region really can grow and improve and break some of these cycles of conflict and where do we need to help to get them in the right place before it's a it's a healthy environment in which to have the youth grow up and and again have a different future than what they probably anticipated early on and i don't want to get too much into the weeds of the actual content of the report here because i know that we're going to have a lot of a full presentation of it and there will be a response panel but just one more question regarding that too cathleen i'm well i was looking at russia for example right my family is from there i was born there and so i i find it particularly interesting and russia is one of these countries that just didn't make sense to me on the youth well-being index when you look at it because it is as incredibly high level economically uh and yet when it comes to the security in the country the situation is very poor at least according to the rankings here so how do we make sense of that well i haven't gone into the details of the report so i don't want to make a snap judgment on on russia i will say there are a number of countries where you have these disparities a couple of are highlighted in the video where they may be doing particularly well on one piece of the index and not on the others and i think that's where it's it's really it's providing data for researchers to go in and start to look at that and try to understand how that data is how you interpret that in the case like russia obviously the biggest concern from the security perspective we have about governance in russia is on its democratic institutions its freedom of the press all those areas that we know historically those desires need to be met for a country regardless of its economic path to successfully transition you know its economy to its fullest potential so my suspicion is in a case like rusher or several other states what you might be looking at is states in transition essentially and the question is will they succeed in those transitions and how does this index help us think through that or are they bound to have a period of sustained stagnation or even decline and so watching that index over time will be very important too to see how the factors shift from year to year it's very hard to judge anything based on a single snapshot okay bill i'm curious to how the young people i think we get a little bit of a bad rap sometimes especially everyone likes to talk about millennials and how they're so self-entitled and you can call this first world problems as many people do but i think that that's that's important right it applies this is one of the things that is very different as you look at this index at the different countries for some it's about the basics of just having a safe place to call home and having food and water security and then for obviously more advanced economies it becomes more about i think some of these desires the trust in in institutions as you were saying caffeine too and in the ability to take advantage of democracy take part in it it goes all the way up to the media to my profession too you know whether you have faith in the information that's being given out to you and so because the world is becoming so much more interconnected mass communication is something that has been completely redefined thanks to technology do you think that the way that we talk about well-being what that means for young people is is fundamentally changing they'll tell us you know i think you say young people get a bad rap sometimes they have no rap because they're not in the room and participating in the conversations and we tried very much to bring young people in to have their views part of the different discussion groups that led to these domains and indicators secondly it's just part of our philosophy and others that us that subscribe to the positive youth development theory that what you're really doing is arming young people and helping them develop their own skills so that they make the right decisions for their futures looking at young people then is really the the protagonists in their own development and thus their community and nations development and not just beneficiaries of well-meaning middle-aged philanthropies and government agencies that want to help them so they're very much and then i think to put to make sure that there was the psychological well-being their aspirations their sense of hope as part of the index rather than just going to infant mortality and graduation rates and and employment rates was very important and we we expect to have that kind of dialogue it's just part of our DNA the way we work but i think it's it's more and more what young people are not only wanting but but my generation was the generation that said we don't trust anyone over 30 this generation under 30 is much smarter than we were they want to have relations with people over 30 they just want the authenticity and the space and the legitimacy to have those relationships and we need to listen to them and have them part of our conversations and bed it embedded in the question and in the answers again a point worth emphasizing which is none of this is really going to be particularly effective without full engagement from youth in the process not just the index but the whole process of of continuing to gather more data and then making decisions on and how you're going to allocate the resources as i keep talking about and i think you know based on my experiences over the years with with bill and his team that's a real issue i can't tell you bill can probably speak to it more eloquently than i um what the root cause of it is i mean you sort of implied some of it in in the question but we will not succeed at any of what we're trying to do without a full engagement from youth because in the end yes having a bunch of middle-aged no offense to all of us middle-aged people trying to decide what's good for youth is important there's experience in the room and there's you know a history and having been through all these stages in life but ultimately the world is different for all of a lot of many of the reasons you described things are moving at hyperspeed and in a very different way than all of when all of us were youth and we need to understand those perspectives they need to be at the table in my opinion in a much bigger way than they than they are today and i think that really taps into uh the you know in order to see young people take the energy and the desires and the wishes that they have and harvest that in the in the proper way they need to feel like they're working with partners that they can trust rather than having this lead and tilt in the opposite direction where we see unrest lead to less stable situations and to more violent situations and so on that note uh you know chris you were saying that employability is something that is very important for a company like Hilton uh the tourism industry is huge you are a worldwide global company and yet you often notice a considerable skill gap in this demographic of young people that you are hoping to employ and so um you know part of my question here is what do you think that how much of a role should private businesses private industry play in trying to educate and train young people be a partner for them yeah i think we you know would be better if the basic of being honest as a person running a business it would certainly be my choice if i had it that the basic systems of how youth are educated both in the family environment and then more formal education throughout their lives would prepare them to come walk in the door and start working for us the simple truth of the matter is in most parts of the world that's just not happening both because of breakdown in the family unit and education you know education systems that are not up to snuff so again out of necessity i think we feel like we have to this is a lot of the reason that you know i y f and hilt worldwide found each other i mean and it isn't it is more basic than than many would think it's it's not um the the skills that are that are you know sort of even vocational skills i mean those are issues it's life skills i mean in many parts of the world it's understanding literacy numeracy hygiene you know how to work as part of a team how to show i mean you're gonna laugh but how to show up work on time right that you know that in fact if you don't you know have certain level of responsibility and accountability um you know you can't really be part of the work environment and you'd be surprised but many many parts of the world those basic you know sort of what i you know life skills don't exist so much of the work we're doing with bill and passport to success in saudi arabia south africa particularly coming out of some meetings i had with president zuma is really focused on the most rudimentary sort of life skills because we think we do a really good job if they have those basic skills and training people the other thing in our business this probably you know we don't have enough time for it but the longer discussion is recognizing that jobs in in the travel and tourism industry are good jobs i mean one of the biggest things that we fight not just in in the western world but even in the emerging markets with all this unemployment is that the youth for whatever reason whether it's a function of you know what they've learned from others around them their families and parents there's a there's a there's a belief that these are not good jobs that they're dead-end jobs and you know that their entry level you know sort of back a house and their dirty jobs and and they don't want them nothing could be further from by the way we all started the bottom i started down the street at the holiday and in the engineering department i run the biggest hotel company in the world i started at the very very bottom of the business now i went got an education i did a lot of things but we have tens of thousands of stories in our business of people if you went out and and i did it the other day i was in a room with with 500 of our general managers and i said you know how many of you started at the lowest levels and i don't a very large percentage of the hands in the room went up these are people that are running big businesses and they started at the bottom so there is a line of sight is to something better and by the way you have to start somewhere and you have to sort of get in and and and be willing to learn and grow and and be trained and and those sorts of things so it's it's it's a combination of things for us it's basic life skills but it's also in a way you're changing the paradigm and helping youth understand marketing a bit to the youth that that these are not dead-end jobs that these are like anything you got to start somewhere and that if you if you work hard and you build your skill sets and and your work is part of a team you can go on and do bigger and better things all right we have just a few minutes left here um so i'd love to hear about Kathleen and Bill from you and Kathleen just very quickly um what do you think that priorities on the parts of governments uh really tell young people right i mean i think that we can look at our own government as an example there and the constant debate that we're having over defense spending and whether or not we can throw any cuts in that direction towards the Pentagon or whether we can continue to fund social programs and if anything we've really seen a lot of those social programs uh get the axe recently and i think that that that plays into uh you know everything that we've been talking about here and uh it's not just the family unit but it's the opportunities and the structures that are there to support young people all the way through and so um again you know how do you think that that affects young people when they when they look at and see for themselves or make their own decision on what they think the priorities are in the part of their government i think it's it's an incredibly important question um you're asking a security person to make a guns versus butter argument and i won't do that um i don't think in the case of the united states in particular that we as the nation the great nation that we are that that we have to make those choices quite that starkly of course there are critical choices to be made but let me say this i think it is incredibly important again for for youth to feel that their voices are heard in that process no matter their personal views of what the outcome will be and again the youth are not a monolith they'll have their own wide variety of viewpoints on what the right choices are so what really matters is government institutions government processes that allow those voices to be heard obviously if you're looking at the stability and security of any nation you you do look to some basic factors you are looking at their security structures um how apolitical are they how um uh how much do they follow the rule of law rule of law itself in society is a major factor and again this gets to the issue of youth youth ability to participate and feel that the society is just to them you get issues of infrastructure you have to have a healthy infrastructure you have to have good education you have to have an economy that allows for participation and ability to grow from the lowest classes up through the middle class and have the greatest aspirations be fulfilled so that's a lot to ask but and it's probably beyond the means of any country right now in the world but i think to the extent that we continue to focus on those sorts of goals and work out the balance at any given time based on the whatever the environment geostrategic and domestic political in the case of the united states will allow i think you can get to a place where youth feel invested they feel that they can turn to the institutions of society rather than to violence as a means to create change and that's what we're looking for all right and bill finally um as we said this is the first ever global youth well-being index this is a starting point but in order to be able to compile more data in the future to better understand what it is that most differentiates and ties together young people in their experiences worldwide what are the most important aspects to getting cooperation both from governments and from private entities and actually from from young people themselves wherever it is that they may be lying here so that this can continue to happen annually so that we can really fill out this information better well i think part of it is the spotlight that chris was talking about that we need at these major forums to understand that this is a problem it is a huge problem bringing young people into the economy and and and with hope for the future and that's not a polyanna type thing there there are real things that can be done and an index can help us understand where to invest the index is not a silver bullet we will need more data we will need more experiences but if it can raise the level of dialogue about effectively understanding the environment so you make those right decisions and then measuring the outcomes of them and i would i think it plays very much into the the the discussion we're all having now from security to development all sorts of reasons about the post 2015 goals we have president obama and president kim of the world bank talking about eradicating extreme poverty by 2030 it won't happen it won't happen if there is not economic growth that brings young people into the economy so that they work their way out of poverty a billion people have escaped poverty in the last 20 30 years the largest number in history how they done that well they've gotten jobs and jobs that are maybe starting at the bottom but working their way up how many people in this room started at the bottom in their careers but today today's teenagers or young adults will be in their mid 30s by 2030 if they're not employed at a much higher rate than their parents are today and their children who are getting born today or will be born soon will be the teenagers entering the job market in 2030 if those numbers aren't way up there in other words if the economic part the economic we can we can school and and make healthy all the kids in the world and that's part of the index and very important but if the outcome isn't also a viable economic actor who can get a job keep a job start a business make it succeed however small maybe informal later on becoming a formal one we will have failed and those two billion people out there won't join the working in middle class of the world if they do join let me tell you there will be jobs for everyone because there will be more consumers will that create some environmental issues for us yes but we'll at least have an employed work base and a tax base in these countries such that then you could tackle those other big problems like global warming but we've got to bring two billion people out of poverty and that will that's only going to come through economic growth inclusive growth and it really means young people getting jobs that they can keep start at the bottom for the for the most part yes but see that that line of sight to a career all right well that'll do it for our plenary panel here but i want to thank you all thank you thank you so much and Nicole golden now to present the uh actual details here thank you great well thank you so much alona and thank you chris bill and kath for so insightfully setting the stage for me to now share a few more details about the index some of the points were already hit on so i'll have a chance to flush them out a little bit more and and add a little bit of my own spin if you will and just to thank you all again for being here i'm really honored to be able to share the stage with our opening distinguished speakers and our distinguished speakers to come and really to share this day with all of you so many friends and colleagues um and and and guests here with us before getting into the detail of the report i did want to take a minute to recognize two very important people that helped us be here today one is pile patelle um you can stand and wave pile patelle and kathrin katie perry standing in the back for their very hard work and significant contributions to this project and also to katie for doing the lion's share of organization of this event i see many very youthful faces in the audience today and i'm i'm thinking that everybody's wondering who are the youth in the youth well-being index uh this was uh touched upon um by alona and chris in particular um and everyone's wondering do i qualify am i a youth um so we did get started on that conversation but i just want to flesh that out flesh that out a little bit um to start we say the youth is not necessarily definable by age you don't wake up on a certain birthday with joy and excitement and say yes i am a youth today although i do know from personal experience you are much more likely to be told when you are no longer a youth we recognize as has been said that youth is a life stage it's as much a social construct as it is a term of science to discuss evaluate and assess a diverse population group as has been said that's maturing emotionally physiologically and cognitively once a group experiencing transitions as bill mentioned of their lives in various ways on the road to adulthood youth as has been said comes to include adolescents teens young adults and is most often used synonymously with young people but when it comes to to statistics on youth to global statistics on youth the global data most often but not exclusively captures those ages 15 to 24 and so for that reason a number of our youth specific data sets in the index cover 15 to 24 but some of our youth survey data goes from a range of 12 to 21 so you'll see the youth specific survey data in the index is in that range however it has been mentioned given that on a national level youth policy and programs are often designed to reach younger adolescents or even older young or adult older youth younger adults we suspect that the policy and programmatic implications of the index will reach a broader scale our framework for youth well-being is rooted in theories of change and human development for both individuals and countries our approach to well-being has been informed by measures of poverty and development that have moved from interpretations that were once more strictly defined by economic growth or income to ones that are more multi-dimensional and that c2 include both objective and subjective and behavioral elements of well-being our approach to youth well-being more specifically as bill mentioned is informed by the theory and practice of positive youth development and what we know about what matters from best practice what matters for young people's success our final selection of the indicators and associated data sets was informed by expert and stakeholder consultations we actually engage some 50 different experts from 35 different organizations and we included a global review to ensure that to the extent possible we were reflecting youth experiences in various regions of the world we're very lucky to have with us today for our response panel two contributors Manny Jimenez from the World Bank and Anga Martha from UNFPA Indonesia who were very happy to hear their thoughts but i'm also very happy to see in the room a number of other participants and contributed to the index too many to name but if i can see you off i can just ask you to to wave so we can again say thank you i see a number of you in in the room so what's in the index as you've been mentioned and as you saw in the video the the index is comprised of six interconnected domains or spheres of a young person's life citizen participation economic opportunity education health information and communications technology and safety and security i was wondering if they were going to mix up the bubbles and see if i can do them out of alphabetical order but i'm glad to see that they didn't i might have forgotten one together the domains comprise of 40 indicators that assess well-being as a factor of opportunities provided by their environment and how they are what and how they are doing and importantly how they feel about it more specifically as has been mentioned and kath touched on this we look at three different kinds of indicators as contributing to youth well-being we look at factors that speak to how the how the overall environment is supporting young people things like macroeconomic climate ict infrastructure public spending on education or levels of peace we look at specific youth outcomes and how the young people are doing at this time things like volunteering among youth or youth unemployment as we've talked about or the number one cause of youth death worldwide road and traffic accidents and again importantly we look at youth satisfaction and youth outlook how young people are feeling about how they're doing and these are based on surveys of young people and these include indicators like outlook towards government wealth expectations or even their own perceived levels of stress which as we've seen has a huge impact on on their well-being and their future the data in the index is drawn from a number of public and independent sources and from existing data sets 98 percent of the data is from 2008 or later so we tried to keep it to a as recent a time period as we could but as been mentioned in the earlier panel though there is a lot in the index and i'm hoping that you'll all take the time to to read the report and hear more about how we constructed and what the the important findings are we know that the index has been said can't tell us everything we need to know at this time and there are some limitations and i think it's important to take a minute and talk about what's not in the index in the first census has been mentioned we know that young people are a diverse population group and they share differences and commonalities and that often reflect the societies and communities in which they live and has been mentioned we know that their individual quality of life is likely shaped by their gender socioeconomic status or class marital status religion disability language group or sexual orientation we know for example that young men and young women offer experience different outcomes and different levels of equity in terms of education performance or education enrollment or interpersonal violence and that rural youth and urban youth often face different challenges and have varying opportunities and access to services ideally the index could account for these differences but such disaggregated data as we mentioned isn't available at scale at this time but as chris noted we see the index as a point of departure however we hope to use the index as a framework for deeper dives at the country level or regional level where such data may exist and where such analysis may be possible also a number of indicators that we considered were not included in the end some for technical reason excuse me some for technical reasons some for data reasons in particular several youth specific outcome measures that we would have liked to include weren't in the end in the report you'll see a short discussion of youth voting or the need for better more concrete measures education and learning and skills outcomes measures but there were a number of other ones that we considered including real levels of youth poverty around the world better measures of the better data on access to or knowledge of contraception more robust measures of civic participation and education and better measures of youth mobile use but this inaugural index does cover 30 countries from high to low income in five major regions that represent nearly 70 percent of the world's youth population in this case ages 10 to 24 so what did we find out we started to hearing about some of the key findings in the video one of which being that we find that a majority of youth are experiencing low or lower levels of well-being this is a big statement so let me break that down a bit and excuse me if i get a little bit technical here the rankings themselves are based on calculated scores between zero and one the overall composite score is built from the six domains and the domain scores are weighted calculations from the individual indicators and again you can see more about this this technical detail in the report and in the methodology report online but the overall index average scores 0.58 with 12 countries falling above that average and 18 below and those 18 countries hold about 85 percent of the represented youth in the index so we started with the big statement but that's a little bit more granularity and many of those countries are the developing economies and the fragile states that we talked about in the earlier panel but however even where youth are doing well generally they may not be thriving in all respects and may not be as positive about their state of affairs and similarly as was mentioned in the video youth in less wealthy nations or countries ranking in the lower tiers display success in certain areas and may be more optimistic than their environments or outcome data would suggest Vietnam outranks its lower middle income peers driven by particularly success high scores in economic opportunity and health overall as you can see in the results Australia is at the top Nigeria comes in at 30th and the US comes in at 6th the countries are also grouped into four performance based tiers on distribution around the average score and you can see those by the change in color in this table the tiers the four tiers high high well-being upper middle well-being lower middle and low add another level of analysis of comparison and could encourage collective response and as we're about to see are a way to easily visualize trends and patterns the high performers are all high income OECD nations which is not necessarily surprising given that a number of the indicators are infrastructure or resource or resource driven where wealthier countries are likely to do well but as I point out a few of the other results I encourage you if you are online to follow along interactively on our newly live website www.youthindex.org so you can have a chance to see this and interact with it now or when you get back to your desk this afternoon the well-being tiers are displayed by colors from light to dark with dark being the highest level of well-being and you can notice in this map of the overall index score that patterns of well-being generally correlate with national income more than they do with geography countries of the Asia Pacific and Europe rank in each of the four tiers countries of the Americas in three of the tiers and the Middle East North Africa and Sub-Saharan Africa cross into two tiers each but taking a look at the domains let's turn first to health which includes the largest number of indicators nine with the highest average score of of the six domains at 0.67 we think results here perhaps demonstrate that global investments in health systems childhood nutrition and fighting disease are starting to to pay off in fact two-thirds of the countries in in the health domain actually fall above this global average other notable performers in the health domain vis-a-vis their performance otherwise particularly include Saudi Arabia and Jordan and again you'll be able to see in the in the site each of the country's performance box the US tops the ranks in economic opportunity but perhaps not surprisingly given how hard young people were hit by the global recession as has been mentioned and by the global the current global unemployment crisis economic opportunities scores generally are the weakest of all the domains and has the lowest average within the index of 0.47 this include this domain includes seven indicators and interestingly again while the US scores very well on the enabling and outcome measures which would indicate a supportive environment and relatively robust opportunities vis-a-vis the rest of the world American youth like so many others of their peers around the world express low expectations about their economic prospects speaking to our finding that outlook or aspirations don't necessarily always align with what the objective data may may say also perhaps not surprisingly given the emphasis on infrastructure among the five indicators in the information and communications technology domain we see that the broadest range of scores with South Korea at the top with 0.94 and Uganda at the bottom with just 0.18 so it's a very interesting patterns and and very very large diversity of access and opportunity in ICT citizen participation and to a certain degree safety and security are interesting in part for their incongruity to a certain degree with the other domains in citizen participation many of the top OECD and wealthier countries drop in rankings and countries in the bottom ranks otherwise rise to the top behind Colombia including South Africa India and Tanzania and very looking very much looking forward to hearing from Ambassador Rasool in our next panel in safety and security while this domain average is actually the second highest after health it also has the largest number of low performers with nine in that low performing tier indicating that many countries are still grappling to provide that protective environment and and keep young people safe notable divergence here from otherwise stronger performance includes weaker scores among the Americas Brazil Mexico and Colombia particularly and perhaps not surprisingly and and underperformance vis-a-vis otherwise strong scores from Saudi Arabia but again Tanzania and Ghana do relatively well here so what does this all mean we're about to hear from a very distinguished panel of stakeholders but allow me to offer a quick few thoughts that they may respond to and again follow up on some of some of the insights that were already raised this morning for policymakers we see this really is a twofold opportunity for policymakers in countries in the index we hope that the findings will help them assess whether and how their policies institutions and services are meeting youth's needs and to help them identify areas where there may need reform but we also think this index will be useful and applicable for countries not currently included in the index we hope it will serve as an inspiration if you will and a framework for their own internal assessments and analysis of youth well-being that could then better inform their policy decisions i'm also pleased to see so many friends and colleagues from the implementing community in the world in the world in the world and in the room and we hope that the index will will aid in your efforts in strategic planning and as you go forward in your broader exercises and also help align macro level outcomes and inform your advocacy efforts as has been said we all have a role to play in ensuring that the world's youth thrive for public and private donors we believe the index can inform strategies as chris has mentioned in priorities and frameworks for investment so that they are better directed to where there is the greatest need and as partnerships are critical we expect the results can help forge mutual understanding of youth needs and aspirations to convene parties and leverage resources but last and certainly not least and i'm glad that this this came up in our first conversation we hope that the world's young people will find the index and its results useful to inform and validate their own positions so that they can find synergies with their peers more powerfully advocate for themselves and with their partners governments and in the international community and while we anticipate that all stakeholders will primarily respond in their immediate communities and countries we hope the index will inform the broader global economic political and social agenda and as bill mentioned in particularly the post 2015 development framework and we make a number of recommendations that can be acted upon locally as you may say we highlight the need to pay closer attention to and collect more data on youth satisfaction and outlook and aspirations including youth participation and elevating youth voices the index also uncovers as we've indicated as we've started to spotlight areas where greater data collection unused outcomes and more age disaggregated data in particular is still needed and the index highlights the interconnectedness between indicators and domains to encourage more coordinated planning more coordinated policies more cross-sectoral programs so we can see holistic youth well-being go forward so as i've been going through this i hope many of you may have already joined the social media conversation about the index on hashtag youth well-being dot orgs dot you hashtag youth well-being index and we also hope that you will continue to explore the index on www.youthindex.org our new website that went live this morning on the website you can find the country profiles all of the reports as well as the fabulous video that you can watch again and share so with that i'm happy to take a few questions now before we break for some networking and continuing on with the questions so we'll take world bank style as my colleagues say we'll take three questions i see a hand here this gentleman and then we'll go to nicking back this gentleman here yeah is a mic coming there we go 400 young leaders from about 40 countries bring together muslims and jews and what i saw was that these people were well below their 30s usually tend to create their own innovative networks of cooperation so my question is if you look into the more less developed countries why not start to the more developed countries and look at what we actually do with our youth i don't well i see a hundred thousand programs of young leaders but these young leaders don't really lead anything or decide anything they have to do about 15 internships go into i don't know years of study by the time that they actually come to a point where they could decide something or take a risk they're already well in their 30s and start to work in some organization or company so there are a lot of politicians or other people who are invested in at a level where they didn't deliver yet and i don't understand why youth isn't also in a position where there's a lot of funding directed towards them so they can make mistakes but they can also lead and make their own decisions and actually come up with the solutions that maybe our generation just doesn't think about anymore thank you let me quickly try to address that question and again hopefully we'll have time for some others and i think it's a great point and what we've seen from the index is that there are lessons to be learned i think everywhere in the world as we said there are pockets of success in in the more advanced economies and there are pockets of success particularly when it comes to participation and leadership in in some of the developing world as you say we hope that this index as i mentioned can be a tool to bring that conversation together and to your point about increasing investment in youth that that's exactly what we're all about but we need to have a better understanding of where the gaps are and where the lessons are and and what that understanding is so that we can move forward we hope that the again we hope that young people will will see this as a tool and find it useful in in their conversations and we'll be happy to be part of that conversation with you and your network and the other networks that you want to bring together so thank you and thanks for being here that's a good question behind you hi my name is nicole cheatham and i'm with advocates for youth i'd like to thank um Hilton the international youth foundation csis for you know investing in this and making this youth index happen so my question is related to its application and i know we have a colleague from UNFPA speaking in a bit but given all of the work that's being done around the post 2015 development agenda and UNFPA's push to get a sustainable development goal on youth i was wondering if there have been discussions about that and if the index perhaps as it's expanded um you know could be a tool in in measurement along those lines thank you it's a great question and we certainly as we've said we have been developing this index around along with if you will the developing conversation around the post 2015 agenda and we drew on many of the indicators that we include were some of the few that were part of the the current mdg's but hope that we can inform and influence the conversation going forward we see the mdg's the the post 2015 framework particularly the the targets um almost more so than than the broad goals themselves as a real opportunity to to encourage and include youth particularly those youth specific age disaggregated not to get too technical and wonky but those age disaggregated indicators as part of the post 2015 mdg frameworks because that will encourage the data collection that we need to better monitor and better inform index like like our index going forward um as i said several data points that we wanted to include they just wasn't the data or they just wasn't the data at scale and globally um and and again so i think it's a great point we we know our friends um in and the UN are paying close attention um we've received a wonderful statement um that's that's on the website from uh the UN secretary general special um envoy on youth Ahmed Al-Andawi who unfortunately couldn't be with us today and so we're engaged in that conversation um we hope to continue to be in that conversation and we hope that the index can help inform and influence it as well so thank you and we're looking forward to Anga's comments on that uh following the break uh time for another one more um Katie right in front of you thank you very much for a wonderful presentation uh my question is about what are we looking at particularly perhaps to Bill and um Chris and you as well that what are we looking as um enabling solutions um for the youth uh how are you getting this message out to them and as we talk about holistic and whatnot you're looking at 75 million that is not going to necessarily be as privileged as all of us are sitting in here unable to watch you alive or not so what are the enabling solutions that you're looking for thank you thank you um i'm not necessarily going to answer that question um but you know but because and there's a reason and i'm being a little bit cheeky here as they say um we think the solutions need to be driven by really you know the policymakers and the young people and the private sector decision makers in the countries coming together but utilizing hopefully utilizing the stated to better understand again where the reforms need to be where are the gaps where are the enabling environments not serving young people where are young people not receiving the services the training the education the access to health that they need and so um the solutions that we kind of offer in the recommendations are to to policymakers and with specifics to the enabling environment to look at this data help use it to help identify the gaps to go deeper um and think about look at what other specific policy solutions may be working um and then take those on as they are relevant and suitable in their countries we see this as that sparked to that to that thoughtful dialogue and and continue deeper dive discussion that will happen again at the country level and at the global level um and when we just hope that this will sort of inform that conversation but as I said one of the things we do see though is the need given the interconnectivity between these domains to think about enabling environments and the policies in particular um and our colleagues in the programming community will hopefully again take this information forward um at the more sort of ground ground game or if you say the ground level but to think about again this this interconnectivity within youth lives um to think about how economic policies um and education policies interact and how they should be thought about in perhaps a more holistic way how health actually and the health of young people is is critically important to their economic productivity so it's all interlinked to think about how you need to and why you need to engage young people in conflicts and and and fragile environments in that conversation so that they feel like they have a better stake and say in their future so that's from a from an enabling environment perspective that is something that you know we do offer and we do say I think I've got time for one more on this side um colleague Mark Summers thanks Nicole um I uh first of all I think this is really a groundbreaking uh effort and I want to congratulate you and your supporters uh the people who've helped to put this together we've never had this before and there hasn't been a baseline and now there is it's it there's a reference point I wanted to encourage you as you go forward for these deep dive ideas I think there's a there's a concern I have about homogenizing youth um as populations and um market opportunities if we look at Africa it's estimated that for youth 90% of all economic all future jobs are in the informal sector um and um with youth populations the issue of inequality is really a profound one and there's a big difference and I I concerned about when you mentioned the youth when that happens a lot my concern is that opportunities are going to go to well-off youths which will unintentionally expand inequality and the last one is gender I think it's really important you know in a lot of countries female youth are barely considered youth and um in the research I've been doing in Africa the um a real at-risk population are single female youth with children and if there's a way to try to get at some of these things when you do the deep dive I think this can be useful not just for those countries but for other countries concerned about youth thank you thanks mark no absolutely I mean I really I really couldn't agree more um with with your thoughts and your statement um we agree um we looked at um you know when we were putting this together would we be able to as part of the overall youth well-being index be able to break it down and offer a sort of you know gendered analysis of the whole thing and um while many of the the indicators are available by both sex and age segregation many or not but your point that is an area where we would hope to do further analysis um your point about inequality is very well taken and again it's something that we we thought about um we looked at as as and considered and looked for possible indicators that spoke to even if not youth specific as part of this kind of enabling environment that spoke to inequality within sectors but really outside of genie coefficients on on the sort of economic inequality sector-based inequality measures don't really exist as I said for the youth population or for any population so you know I love to see um an education there are some efforts being made around education inequality um and being able to sort of measure and capture that um within a society but there aren't great measures on health inequality within countries again at scale in a in a comparative way I think were those different sector um measures available it's something we would certainly you know think about and consider for the future I think it's an incredibly important point and again back to the the post-2015 millennium uh the MDG framework we know inequality is certainly coming up in those conversations as well and it's something that they're trying to tackle um and we'll hopefully be successful but it's a tough one because again we don't have as much of a baseline as we need so we'll hope we'll hope to be able to get into that at the country and regional level but thank you it's been a pleasure with that we unfortunately have to go for a break I'll be available for a few more questions um and then we'll hope to we'll be reconvening at 11 um we'll pause for short break of course there's coffee thank you all for joining us so far but please stay tuned there's so much more to come