 ధరరం, మావాల్లి, వారం మరింవాల్లిలా నేస్లిమా నేయం మిల్కే మిటూ, కేచ్ , వావాట్ మాట్లా మ్వాటోనిమ్లిన్, ఇధ్నికేస్, సమ్టోం, వాట్ల�  purposire 嗎 AUTO ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー gebaut power to influence price is very essence of monopoly  gesundheit difference in power లాదాన వాతిమంపియాదాన నిథ్ందా నితాదివ్నింది నిమూపినితిమాన ప్నినాస్ంది న౿ందిని కివాన్తిసిందా. అకినిందినిప్గ్టా. హాన్రిత� నత్త్షన్చవసి నంవండివినాద్సి, కంత్రి విమంద్లి మసాకల Quan సిలులతామి ధింసిం పూరార్సం. రిలునినిగ్చతార్ యాసిమామిమారికలీ పంరపంద� నేరకి్దియోలామైనానినితోనింటుత్తియోత్ర్తోదిన్తోన్యోదిదిలెలోల్రోనిన్మైనీనునిరంపౄటురడిం. me etya monopoly on all the equilibrium of a product can be determined by the price output can be determined by diagram of the Citrof bujjublys ASTAC group. In this particular diagram, we are trying to determine the first equilibrium than the price and output, of a monopoly firm. In this diagram, we are measuring quantity along the horizontal axis and price cost and revenue along the vertical axis this is the downward air curve and this is the downward MR curve and MR curve lies in the half way this is the short run AC curve or average cost curve and this is the MC curve both AC and MC are use saved and MC cut the AC at the minimum point of AC these are the normal conditions for the AC or MC to be homogenous the MC AC is the minimum point of cut now coming to the equilibrium of a particular firm the first condition of equilibrium is MC MC and MR are common in this particular diagram MC and MR curves at the point E this point is MC or MR so at that particular point or this is the equilibrium point the second condition is slope of MC is greater than the slope of MR so in the short run AC curve MC is equal to MR and the second condition is slope of MC is less than the slope of MR so this point satisfies the condition so we can say E is the equilibrium point of a monopolist firm and at that particular equilibrium OQ is the equilibrium output OQ is the equilibrium output OQ is the equilibrium output and the reason for this output is the cost of equilibrium is the cost of the cost curve is the C point so CQ or DO is the cost average cost for that particular firm likewise this firm can produce or decrease the price or whatever you want to call it QB or A so I will make a short video about the profit and loss of the firm so I will talk about both first is the tier second is the TC now tier is nothing but air into Q likewise TC is nothing but AC into Q so I will talk about the equilibrium of the firm and the air air is nothing but BQ or AO I will call it AO AO and the equilibrium quantity is OQ so if we multiply OQ by AQ that means land hand blade get the rectangle OQ B A or AO or OQ so I will multiply it OQ B A OQ B A A area to firm this is the rectangle now coming to the TC TC is nothing but AC into Q here AC as I already mentioned ideal you can say DO or QC so let us consider here DO DO and Q is same as before is OQ so if we multiply DO by OQ we get the rectangle OQ CD we get OQ CD so here we are measuring total revenue as OQ B A and total cost as OQ CD if it has any difference you can say Q to down or T to down or TC to down I will write here T to down or TC here area of T is greater than area of TC now how much how much greater it is so here we can conclude that T is greater than TC so definitely D firm is super normal profit profit is profit is profit is profit is super normal profit profit is ADCB so here this area is OQ B and the price is DOQC so here is profit super normal profit okay generally thought that the monopolies always answer only super normal profit which is a wrong notion we will take the monocles but the short term is super normal profit in short term the monopolies may even may losses also in perfect competition the firm is a price taker so the firm can take decisions  Fut actly ఒ asyluminguém actually మారాపహసి లిట్టి తామం human body public cause in the long run police has tricked anoutheastern call motives dis of any macimise that blew entry forward it is not necessary followers picking harness making people usually thing for the ciaż  föret ਹ ຍ຋ ઈ຋ ຍຍຍຍ຃ກຍ ຍຂ຋ ຍຍຍຍຍ຋ ຍຍ຋ ຍຍຍຍຍຈຐ ຂຍຍຏ � болຄຍ, ຜຍຍ ປ నాస్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల Jade is the optimal scale for tremend at the suboptimal scale that is falling part of the Lse Short surface is the optimal scale to expand beyond the minimum Lse curve Meet the system which has optimized some level of the Lse నినీతితాన గానునాలినీ ప్లిన్పోటిస్ని. ప్ర్యలినూన్చారిన్విను,నినునుని. అదానిద్ప్. ప్తికేప్ప్చిదాతిని. పనిన్చూనుతినిల్ప� this particular diagram like the other figures diagram we are measuring output along the horizontal axis and price revenue cost along the vertical axis so this is a normal air cup of monopoly and this is the MR cup of potter, damper sloping and MR lies below the air cup now this particular cup is the long run marginal cost curve and long run marginal cost curve cut the MR cup at point E so ame agote koe ishuse fhan fhan long run ad equally more than long run not, athat monopoly firm fhan long run ad equally more than long run OF OF OF OF OF OF  늙 1  erfolgreich  prz 產 到了  日本流 來 建 Начthirds 普通人 傳國 狐 一定 傳統 中國 日本 日本 日本  中國 the 新 新         new నినిల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల్ల of output what is air c q or a o is the equilibrium a o and what is the equilibrium output o q is the equilibrium output. So, if you multiply the o q and a q then we are getting a o q c. So, likewise in this particular diagram what is a c in o q level of output what is a c simple this this is the a c air curve. So, d q or b o is the b o is the a c likewise what is output q o q. So, if you multiply these two we are getting b q b o q d b o q d now we are getting two rectangle a o q c which is nothing, but here and we are getting another rectangle b o q d which is t c. Now, if we differentiate these two these are this is here and this is t c. So, this mass is profit. So, long run in long run a firm under monopoly Yans stimuli sub poundo on a intent and if it ans normal pop it or loss is does not remain in the business. So, q s interested me dissent attacker monopoly market conditional conform a else to filim conditional of hospital but the voila ఇతషికికివారరం మార్మర్మా. ఏందికికికికారం నర్నారం ఈటారం ఈభసనింరిలర్. నిన౿కజగ్కింది పేనారం దిరాం నానిక్కకి . whose acp who groups between charms members crash Renault feet I eye High the price discrimination is because this involves maximum possible exploitation of each buyer in the interest of a seller's profit. Price discrimination of the first degree is said to occur when the monopolist is able to sell each separate unit of the output at different prices. The first degree is also called perfect price discrimination. Now, coming to the second degree of price discrimination, it is said to occur when the monopolist is able to search several different prices for different ranges or groups of output. For example, we need to pay monthly electricity bill based on different prices, search for different slots of energy consumption. Say, we need to pay rupees 2 for first 100 units of electricity consumption in a month. Again, a higher price say rupees 215 can be searched for subsequent units starting from 101 units to a certain limit. This type of price discrimination is also seen in the case of telephone bills for different units of calls. The third degree price discrimination occurs when the monopolist artisans the market into two or more groups of customers and searches different prices to the different groups. The price is uniform for members within a particular group. This is a particular business. For example, an office stationary supplier can search different prices from different offices. Possibility of price discrimination that means when the price discrimination occurs. Operational price discrimination requires the fulfillment of two conditions. First condition is the market must be divided into sub markets with different price elasticity. According to elasticity, the buyers of a product cannot resell the product to another buyer. This means that the sub markets are separate. Now, coming to the concept of monopoly power, which is a very important concept. The concept of monopoly power relates to the ability of the monopolist to control price and output of the commodity. In this sense, the degree of monopoly power is indicated by the extent of influence that a monopolist can exercise on price and output. Monopoly power can be measured with the help of a number of techniques. This technique is very important for the monopolist to control the price and output of the commodity. This is the extent of influence that a monopolist can exercise on price and output. Monopoly power can be measured with the help of a number of techniques. This technique includes the learner index, measurement of monopoly power based on price discrimination, measurement of monopoly power based on profit rates, use of concentration ratios to measure monopoly power and harvindal index. We self-take up only one method, that is learner index. In learner index, there is a particular formula through which we are trying to identify the monopoly power. That formula is simple, air-mr and holding divided by air or that air-mc2-mc2-mc2-mc2-mc2-mc2-mc2 and this learner index is nothing but the measure of monopoly power. It should be noted here that in perfect competition, we know that mc is equal to mr is equal to air, ss monopoly power is nil. This formula is air-mc divided by air. Perfect competition is mc is equal to mr, air is equal to mc is equal to mr. So ultimately, a learner index result is nil or perfect competition or monopoly power. But in monopoly, mr is less than air. Does mc is less than air? Does under monopoly, learner index is non-zero and hence the greater the value of learner index, the higher will be the monopoly power. And the monopoly is non-zero and hence the greater the value of learner index, the higher will be the monopoly power. From the concept of learner index, relations between the degree of elasticity of demand of a product and the degree of monopoly power can be established. Thus it can be inferred that higher the elasticity of the product, lower the monopoly power and vice versa. Next, we will talk about monopoly power and monopoly power. In the future, we will talk about monopoly competition in the market. Thank you.