 Welcome to the Fiji Symposium 2019 here in Cairo in Egypt, where I'm very pleased to be joining the studio satanist and Masoud Rana, who is the joint director of the Bangladesh Financial Intelligence Unit. Mr. Rana, welcome to the studio. Thank you, Max. Now I'd like to start off by asking you, what will it take for the world's poorest people to prefer digital financial services over cash? Will digital financial services be enough for this to happen? Well, I think there are two good reasons. For choosing digital financial services for the poor people, one is security of their money, another is availability of their money when they're required. Let me start with an example from my country. While I was too young, I have seen the poor people in the village. They saved their money into a pot, which is basically made of mud and they called it bank. But, you know, in most cases, they cannot protect their, these savings into those banks because some of their friends, family members, they expand it. And when they required this money for expenditure purposes, then they broke down all the pot and then they spend maybe small portion from that. But, when the DFS come with the digital wallet or mobile wallet, they can securely save their money into the devices as well as they can expense their money how much they required for specific purposes. So, it seems to me for these two good reasons, the poor people are willing to go for the digital financial service instead of cash. It's also a matter of trust, of course, because they're always going to know where that pot is, hidden, or envisioned, or wherever it might be, but they might think, well, if I put my money somewhere, or I can't see it, maybe somebody will take it. Exactly. So, there's a certain culture that has to be overcome, I think, on that side as well. But I just also want to ask you, what innovations are required in the regulatory collaboration to create an enabling environment for digital financial services? Yeah, if we consider the digital financial services enabling environment, then, of course, it comes in my mind that we need to have a people-centric market regulation, then financial literacy, as well as the establishment of sandboxes, or innovation hub by private public partnership. An unintended consequence of digital finance-led financial inclusion program is that it can lead to greater financial data inclusion, but not necessarily increased financial inclusion. Would you agree with that? I think it depends, because if your national financial inclusion strategy is built and developed in such a way that it focus for the poor and marginal people with digital solution, then it must be fruitful for them. Otherwise, there is always a chance of financial exclusion to introduce the digital financial services. So, it depends. How do you see the fintech sector reshaping digital financial services? Again, I must say that this era is fintech era, because perhaps in early 80s, the digital financial service came into the market, introduced by the bank when we got the ATMs, followed by the POS cards. So, these are the basically digital financial services introduced by the bank for the first time. Then, it has come to Telco in some cases, some financial institution collaboration with the Telco, they provide the digital financial services, but during the financial crisis when the bank is stopped to provide the loan, then it comes, the fintech company comes and they provide the loans, they come up with solution. As you know, within this couple of years, the fintech company has already invested more than 30 billion USD. The fintech company are now providing services in the remittance, in the lending areas, in the mortgaging, in the payments, in the transfers and all these services are growing at the exponential rate. So, all this development seems that the fintech is going to reshape our future financial services. Finally, I'd like to ask you, what role do you think governments can play to enhance usage of digital financial services at the national level? As I said earlier, that government has to play a key role to establish digital financial services. For example, to establish a official payment system, then promote the financial literacy, people centric or market oriented regulation, as well as government has to ensure that availability of digital devices with low cost may be by reducing taxes or levies or other things. Finally, another thing government may think of, availability of speedy internet with low cost. So, I think all these things can promote faster digital financial service growth. Mr. Chairman, thank you very much for joining us in the studio. Thank you, Max. We hope that we will be able to catch up with you again some stage in the future. Sure. Thank you. Thank you very much. You're welcome. Thank you.