 section 39 of the anatomy of melancholy volume 1 this is a LibriVox recording all LibriVox recordings are in the public domain for more information or to volunteer please visit LibriVox.org recording by Anna Simon the anatomy of melancholy volume 1 by Robert Burton section 39 partition 1 section 2 member 3 subsection 15 part 2 love of learning or over much study with a digression of the misery of scholars and why the muses are melancholy continued although many times for all I can see these men feel as often as the rest in their projects and are as usually frustrated their hopes for let him be a doctor of the law an excellent civilian of good worth where shall he practice and expatiate their fields are so scant the civil law with us so contracted with the prohibitions so few causes by reason of those all-devouring municipal laws quibos nihil illiteratious set the Rasmus illiterate and a barbarous study for though they be never so well-learned in it I can hardly vow to save them the name of scholars except they be otherwise qualified and so few courts are left to that profession such slender offices and those commonly to be compassed at such dear rates that I know not how an ingenious man should thrive amongst them now for physicians there are in every village so many mount a banks empirics quack selvers parasol sians as they call themselves car key Fiki at Sanikidee so clenic terms them wizards alchemists poor vickers cast a pothekries physicians men barbers and good wives professing great skill that I may great doubt how they shall be maintained or who shall be their patients besides there are so many of both sorts and some of them such harpies so covetous so impudent and as he said the titches idiots quote quibus loquakis a fatem our guns he asked pencil a parum odd nihil neck allamica literarii salis crum mini mulgat national logo telea turba lithium strove a malignant litigantium co-hors to gati vultures la verna a luna a gyrte etc. and quote translation which have no skill with parating arrogance no learning such a purse milking nation gound vultures thieves and the litigious route of cousin is that haunt this occupation and translation that they cannot well tell how to live one by another but as he gestured in the comedy of clocks they were so many mayors parts populi arida rep tante fame they are almost starved a great part of them and ready to devour their fellows at noxia calidila de secorita such a multitude of pettifoggers and empirics such imposter's that an honest man knows not in what sort to compose and behave himself in their society to carry himself with credit in so vile a route skin see a nomen tot some tipus partum at vigilis profiteri despudiat postcom etc last of all to come to our divines the most noble profession and worthy of double honor but of all others the most distressed and miserable if you will not believe me here a brief of it as it was not many years since publicly preached at Paul's truss by a grave minister then and now a reverent bishop of this land we that are bred up in learning and designated by our parents to this end we suffer our childhood in the grammar school which augustine calls maknam tyranny them at grave malum and compares it to the torments of martyrdom when we come to the university if we live of the college allowance as fellow is objected to the leon tines punton and days plan limo kai fobo needy of all things but hunger and fear or if we be maintained but partly by our parents cost do expend an unnecessary maintenance books and degrees before we come to any perfection five hundred pounds or a thousand marks if by this price of the expense of time our bodies and spirits our substance and petrimonies we cannot purchase those small rewards which are ours by law and the right of inheritance a poor parsonage or a vicarage of fifty pounds per annum but we must pay to the patron for the lease of a life a spent and outworn life either in annual pension or above the rate of a copyhold and that with the hazard and loss of our souls by simony and perjury and the forfeiture of all our spiritual performance in essa and posse both present and to come what father after a while will be so in provident to bring up his son to this great charge to this necessary beggary what christian will be so a religious to bring up his son in that course of life which by all probability and necessity corgott at the peer and forcing to sin will entangle him in simony and perjury when as the poet said in vitatus at hike aliquus the ponte nagabit a beggar's bread taken from the bridge where he sits a begging if he knew the inconvenience had caused to refuse it this being thus have not we fished feral this while that our initiate devines to find no better fruits of our labours hockest corpales corquise non-prandeert hockest do we macerate ourselves for this is it for this we rise so early all the year long leaping as he sat out of our beds when we hear the bell ring as if we had heard a thunder clap if this be all the respect reward and honor we shall have frangue leves kalamos at skin the talia libelos let us give over our books and betake ourselves to some other cause of life to what end should we study quit me literolas stood to do quere parentes what did our parents mean to make us colors to be as far to seek of preferment after 20 years study as we were at first why do we take such pains quit tantum in sanus you've had in palascare cartes if there be no more hope of reward no better encouragement I say again frangue leves kalamos at skin the talia libelos let's turn soldiers sell our books and buy swords guns and pikes or stop bottles with them turn our philosophers gowns as clianthus ones did into mills coats leave all and rather we take ourselves to any other cause of life than to continue longer in this misery prestat dentis calpe aradere quam literariis monuentes magnatum favorme mendicare yeah but me things I hear some man accept at these words that though this be true which I have set of the estate of scholars and especially of the vines that it is miserable and distressed at this time that the church suffers shipwreck of her goods and that they have just cause to complain there is a fault but whence precedes it if the cause were justly examined it would be retorted upon ourselves if we were cited at that tribunal of truth we should be found guilty and not able to excuse it that there is a fault among us I confess and whether not a buyer there would not be a seller but to him that will consider better of it it will more than manifestly appear that the fountain of these miseries proceeds from these griping patrons in accusing them I do not altogether excuse us both are faulty they and we yet in my judgment theirs is the greater fault more apparent causes and much to be condemned for my part if it be not with me as I would or as it should I do ascribe the cause as carden did in the like case to my own in felicity rather than their non-tenus although I've been baffled in my time by some of them and have as just cause to complain as another or rather indeed to my own negligence for I was ever like that Alexander and Plutarch Crassus his tutor in philosophy who though he lived many years familiarly with rich Crassus was even as poor went from which many wanted that as when he came first to him he never asked the other never gave him anything when he traveled with Crassus he borrowed ahead of him at his return restored it again I have had some such noble friends acquaintance and scholars but most part common curtsies and ordinary respects accepted they and I parted as we met they gave me as much as I requested and that was and as Alexander alexandro made answer to her eonimus messianus that wondered when other men rose still he was in the same state whom he thought to deserve as well as the rest he made answer that he was content with his present estate was not ambitious and although etc he did him for his backwardness yet he was still the same and for my part though I be not worthy perhaps to carry alexander's books yet by some overweening and well-wishing friends the like speeches have been used to me but I replied still with alexander that I had enough and more per adventure than I deserved and with lebania sophista that rather chose when honors and offices by the emperor were offered on to him to be talus sophista talus magistratus I had as leave be still democratus junior and privus privatus see me he yamdare tour optio quantales fortace doctor talus dominus set quorsum hike for the rest tis on both sides facunus detestandum to buy and sell livings to detain from the church that which gods and men's laws have bestowed on it but in them most and that from the covetousness and ignorance of such as are interested in this business I named covetousness in the first place as the root of all these mischiefs which aiken like compels them to commit sacrilege and to make simmoniacal compacts and whatnot to their own ends that kindles god's wrath brings a plague vengeance and a heavy visitation upon themselves and others some out of that insatiable desire of filthy luke to be enriched care not how they come by it per fass et ne fass hook or crook so they have it and others when they have with riot and prodigality embezzled their estates to recover themselves make a pray of the church robbing it as julian the epistate did spoil parson's of their revenues in keeping half back as a great man amongst us observes and that maintenance on which they should live by means whereof barbarism is increased and a great decay of christian professors for who will apply himself to these divine studies his son or friend when after great pains taken they shall have nothing whereupon to live but with what event do they these things they toil and moil but what reap they they are commonly unfortunate families that use it occurs in their progeny and as common experience evincid occurs themselves in all their proceedings with what face as he quotes out of aust can they expect a blessing or inheritance from christ in heaven that defraud christ of his inheritance here on earth i would all our ceremonial patrons and such as detain tides would read those judicious tracts of sir henry's spellmen and sir james sample knights those late elaborate and learned treatises of dr till sly and mr montague which they have written of that subject but though they should read it would be too small purpose clamus liquet at mare coelho confundus thunder lighten preach hell and abnation tell them tis a sin they will not believe it the nouns and terrify they have cauterized consciences they do not attend as the enchanted adder they stop their ears call them base irreligious profane barbers pagans atheists epicures as some of them surely are with the board in plotters huge optime they cry and applaud themselves with that miser simul act numus contemplor in arca say what you will conquer modo rem as a dog barks at the moon to no purpose are your sayings take your heaven let them have money a base profane epicurean hypocritical route for my part let them pretend what seal they will counterfeit religion blear the world's eyes bombast themselves and stuff out their greatness with church spoils shine like so many peacocks so cold is my charity so defective in this behalf that i shall never think better of them than that they are rotten at core their bones are full of epicurean hypocrisy and atheistical marrow they are worse than heathens for as the onisius hallekarnosius observes antiquitatis romanes book seven primum locum et cetera greeks and barbarians observe all religious rites and dare not break them for fear of offending their gods but our simoniacal contractors our senseless acons our stupefied patrons fear neither god nor devil they have evasions for it it is no sin or not you you're a divino or if a sin no great sin et cetera and though they be daily punished for it and they do manifestly perceive that as he said frost and fraud come to foul ends yet as chrysostom follows it nulla ex puna sit correction et quasi adversis malicia rominum provocator crescit quotidie quad puniatur they are rather worse than better iram at coanimus a crimine sumund and the more they are corrected the more they offend but let them take their course rode kaper vitae's go on still as they begin it is no sin let them rejoice secure god's vengeance will overtake them in the end and these ill-gotten goods as an eagle's feathers will consume the rest of their substance it is aurum tolosanum and will produce no better effects let them lay it up safe and make their conveyances never so close lock and shut door set chrysostom yet fraud and covetousness two most violent thieves are still included and a little-gain evil-gotten will subvert the rest of their goods the eagle and ace up seeing a piece of flesh now ready to be sacrificed swept it away with our claws and carried it to her nest but there was a burning coal stuck to it by chance which unawares consumed her young ones nest and all together let our simoniocal church-chopping patrons and sacrilegious hobbies look for no better success end of section 39 section 40 of the anatomy of melancholy volume one this is a lipovox recording all lipovox recordings are in the public domain for more information or to volunteer please visit lipovox.org recording by Anna Simon the anatomy of melancholy volume one by robert burton section 40 petition one section two member three subsection 15 part three love of learning or over much study with the digression of the misery of scholars and why the muses are melancholy continued a second cause is ignorance and from thence contempt success it odium in literas ab ignorancia vulgi which juniors well perceived this hatred and contempt of learning proceeds out of ignorance as they are themselves barbarous idiots dull illiterate and proud so they esteem of others since me canates non derunt flakke marones let there be bountiful patrons and there will be painful scholars in all sciences but when they contend learning and think themselves sufficiently qualified if they can read and write scramble at a piece of evidence or have so much Latin as that emperor had qui n'est-ce que des simulaires n'est-ce que vivre they are unfit to their country service to perform or undertake any action or employment which may tend to the good of a common wealth except it be to fight or to do country justice with common sense which every yeoman can likewise do and so they bring up their children rude as they are themselves unqualified untoward and civil most part qui s e nostra juventute legitime institutur literis qui s oratores aut philosophus tangit qui s historiam legit illem rerum agendarum quasi animum precipitant parentes votasua et cetera it was ellipsis complained to his illiterate countrymen it may be ours now shall these men judge of a scholar's worth that have no worth that know not what belongs to a student's labors that cannot distinguish between a true scholar and a drone or him that by reason of a viable tongue a strong voice a pleasing tone and some trivially polyanthion helps steals and gleans a few notes from other man's harvests and so makes a fairer show than he that is truly learned indeed that things it no more to preach than to speak or to run away with an empty card as a grave man said and there upon vilify us and our pains scornus and all learning because they are rich and have other means to live they think it concerns them not to know or to trouble themselves with it a fitter task for younger brothers or poor men's sons to be pen and incorn men pedentical slaves and no wits be seeming the calling of a gentleman as Frenchmen and Germans commonly do neglect therefore all human learning what have they to do with it let mariners learn astronomy merchants factors study arithmetic surveyors get them geometry spectacle makers optics lent leapers geography town clarks rhetoric what should he do with a spade that had no ground to dig or they with learning that have no use of it thus they reason and are not ashamed to let mariners apprentices and the basest servants be better qualified than themselves in former times kings princes and emperors were the only scholars excellent in all faculties Julius Caesar mended the year and read his own commentaries media in the prialia sample stalarum so liquid plagues super square vagavit antonious adrian nero etc michael the emperor and isakis were so much given to their studies that no base fellow would take so much pains orion perseus alfonsus ptolemias famous astronomers saba metrodates lysi makas admired physicians plateaus kings all evex that arabian prince a most expert jeweler and an exquisite philosopher the kings of egypt were priests of old chosen and from dense idem rex hominum febiques sacerdos but those herocal times are passed the muses are now banished in this bastard age at sardida to goriola to meaner persons and confined alone almost to universities in those days scholars were highly beloved honored esteemed as old enneas by scipio africanus virgil by augustus horus by messenas princess companions dear to them as anachron to polycritus philoxinus to Dionysius had highly rewarded alexander since xenocrates the philosopher 50 talents because he was poor as philostratus relates of adrian and lempridius of alexander severus famous clerks came to these princess courts veelut in lyceum as to a university and were admitted to their tables quasi divum epulis axubentes are close that macedonian king would not willingly sub without euripides amongst the rest he drank to him at supper one night and gave him a cup of gold for his pains delictatus poetae suavi sermone and it was fitted should be so because as Plato in a protagoras well sef a good philosopher as much exels other men as a great king dot the commons of his country and again they needed not to beg so basely as they compelled scholars in our times to complain of poverty or crouch to a rich chaff for a meal's meat but could vindicate themselves and those arts which they professed now they would and cannot for it is helped by some of them as an axiom that to keep them poor will make them study they must be dieted as horses to a race not pampered alenders volund non saginannos ne meliores mentes flamula extinguator a fat bird will not sing a fair dog cannot hunt and so by this depression of theirs someone means others will all want encouragement as being forsaken almost and generally contempt it is an old saying sin mesenatus non derun flacca marones and is a true saying still yet oftentimes i may not deny it the main fault is in ourselves our academics too frequently offend in neglecting patrons as a rasmus well text or making ill choice of them or if we get a good one we do not ply and follow him as we should either me he exceeded adolescente set erasmus acknowledging his fold at gravissime pacavi and so may i say myself i have offended in this and so peradventure have many others we did not spend a magnatum favoribos key gay porund nos amplecti apply ourselves with that readiness we should idleness love of liberty in modicus amor libertatus effeted would deal com perfidus amicius as he confesses et pertinace pauperata coloctare bashfulness melancholy timorousness cause many of us to be too backward and remiss so some offend in one extreme but too many on the other we are most part too forward too solicitous too ambitious too impudent we commonly complain they are semi sanatus of want of encouragement want of means when as a true defect is in our own want of worth our insufficiency dit misenas take notice of horus or virtual till they had shown themselves first or had Bavius and Mavius any pretense egregium specimen dent set erasmus let them improve themselves worthy first sufficiently qualified for learning and manners before they presume or impudently intrude and put themselves on great man as too many do with such base flattery parasitical colloquine such hyperbolical elegies they do usually insinuate that it is a shame to hear and see a mordicai laudus conciliante invidium portius cum laudem and vain commendations derrigate from truth and we think in conclusion non melius de laudato peius de laudante ill of both the commander and commanded so we offend but the main fold is in their harshness defect of patrons how beloved of old and how much respected was Plato to Dionysius how dear to alexander was Aristotle de maratus to philip solon to cruises arxarxes and trabaceous to augustus cassius to vespecian plutarch to trajan sanica to nero semonidus to herion how honored set hike prios fuer nunc recondita senant queete those days are gone et spes et ratio studiorum incesa retantum as he said of old we may truly say now he is our amulet our son our soul comfort and refuge our ptolemy our common messines jacobus munificus jacobus pacificus mista musarum rex platonicus grande decus columen que nostrum a famous color himself and the sole patron pillar and sustainer of learning but his worth in this kind is so well known that as peticulus of Cato yam ipsum laudar anefasit and which plenty to trajan siri etekarmina honor que eternus analium non hike brevis et pudenda predicatio colet but he is now gone the son of ours set and yet no night flows sol oxubuit nox nula secuita est we have such another in his room aureus altar avusus simuli frondescit firga metallo and long may he reign and flourish amongst us let me not be malicious and lie against my genius i may not deny but that we have a sprinkling of our gentry here and there one excellently well learned like those fuggery in germany du burtu du plessi sedel in france picus merandola scottes barotius in italy apparend rari nantes in gurghite vasta but they are but few in respect of the multitude the major part and some again accepted that are indifferent are wholly bent for hawks and hounds and carried away many times with intemperate lust gaming and drinking if they read a book at any time si quattast inter emoti at venetou poculus alia scottes there's an english chronicle cinturon of bordeaux amades the gold etc a playbook or some pamphlet of news and that at such seasons only when they cannot stir abroad to drive away time their sole discourse is dogs hawks horses and what news if someone have been a traveler in italy or as far as the emperor's court wintered in orléans and can court his mistress in broken french wear his clothes neatly in the newest fashion sing some choice outlandish tunes discourse of lords ladies towns palaces and cities he is complete and to be admired otherwise he and they are much at one no difference between the master and the man but worshipful titles wink and choose betwixt him that sits down clothes accepted at him that holds the trencher behind him yet these men must be our patrons our governors too sometimes statesmen magistrates noble great and wise by inheritance mistake me not i say again voss or patricius sanguis you that are worthy senators gentlemen i honor your names and persons and with all submissiveness prostrate myself to your sender and service there are amongst you i do ingeniously confess many well-deserving patrons and two patriots of my knowledge besides many hundreds which i never saw no doubt or heard of pillars of our commonwealth whose worth bounty learning forwardness true zeal and religion and good esteem of all scholars ought to be consecrated to all posterity but of your rank there are a debauched corrupt covetous illiterate crew again no better than stocks mirum pecus testor deum non mihi fideri dignus ingenui hominis appellascioni barbers rations et quiz illetrax qui hock neghet assorted profane pernicious company irreligious impudent and stupid i know not what epithets to give them enemies to learning confounders of the church and the ruin of a commonwealth patrons they are by right of inheritance and put in trust freely to dispose of such livings to the church's good but hard task masters they prove they take away their straw and compel them to make their number of brick they commonly respect their own ends commodity is the steer of all their actions and him they present in conclusion as a man of greatest gifts that will give most no penny no peter nostel as the saying is their attendance and officers must be bribed feed and made as services with a sop by him that goes to hell it was an old saying all things are vinyl at room there's a rag of potpourri which will never be rooted out there is no hope no good to be done without money a clerk may offer himself a proof is worth learning honesty religion zeal they will commend him for it but probably does loud at all get if he be a man of extraordinary parts they will flock a far off to hear him as they did in a place to see psyche multi mortals confluent at videndum secolidecus speculum gloriosum laudator of omnibus spectator of omnibus necquiskam non-rex non-regius cupidus eus noctiarium petitor acceded miranthor quidem divinam forum omnes set ut simulacrum fabrapolitum miranthor many mortal men came to see fair psyche the glory of her age they did admire her command desire her for her divine beauty and gaze upon her but as on a picture none would marry her quote indotato fair psyche had no money so they do by learning your rich men have now learned of latter days to admire command and come together to hear and see a worthy scholar speak as children do a peacock's feather he shall have all the good words that may be given a proper man and his pity he had no preferment all good wishes but inexorable injure it as he is he will not prefer him though it be in his power because he is indotatus he had no money or if he do give him entertainment let him be never so well qualified plea divinity consanguinity sufficiency he shall serve seven years as jacob did for rachel before he shall have it if he will enter at first he must get in at that simoniacal gate come off soundly and put in good security to perform all covenants else he will not deal with or admit him but if some poor scholar some parson chaff will offer himself some trencher chaplain that will take it to the haves flirts or accepts of what he will give he is welcome be conformable preach as he will have him he likes him before a million of others for the host is always best cheap and then as herum said to cremaceous patala dignum operculum such a patron such a clerk the cure is well supplied and all parties pleased so that is still verified in our age which chrisostom complained of in his time qui opulentiores sunt in ordinum parasitorum coagunt eos et ipsos tanquam canis admensas suas ennutriunt erum co impudentes venius iniquarium cönarum reliquis differtiunt isdem pro arbitro abulentes richman keep these lecturers and fawning parasites like so many dogs at their tables and filling their hungry guts with the offals of their meat they abuse them at their pleasure and make them say what they propose as children do by a bird or a butterfly in a string pull in and let him out as they list do they by their trencher chaplains prescribe command their wits let in and out as to them it seems best if the patron be precise so must his chaplain be if he be perpestical his clock must be so too or else be turned out these are those clocks which serve the turn whom they commonly entertain and present to church livings whilst in the meantime we that are university men like so many high bound calves in a pasture tarry out our time wither away as a flower ungathered in a garden and are never used or as so many candles illuminate ourselves alone obscuring one another's light and are not discerned here at all the least of which translated to a dark room or to some country benefits where it might shine apart would give a fair light and be seen over all whilst we lie waiting here as those sick men did at the pool of Bethesda till the angels stirred the water expecting a good hour they step between and be garless of our preferment i've not yet said if after long expectation much expense travel earnest suit of ourselves and friends we obtain a small benefit at last our misery begins afresh we are suddenly encountered with a flesh world and devil with a new onset we change a quiet life for an ocean of troubles we come to a ruinous house which before it be habitable must be necessarily to our great damage repaired we are compelled to sue for dilapidations or else sued ourselves and scarce yet settled we are called upon for our predecessors arrearages first fruits tenth subsidies are instantly to be paid benevolence procreations etc and which is most to be feared we'll light upon a cracked title as a befell climate of brabant for his rectory and charge of his beguine he was no sooner inducted but instantly sued litigare at implacability bellow confligure at length of the 10-year suit as long as Troy's siege when he had tired himself and spent his money he was feigned to leave all for quietness sake and give it up to his adversary or elsewhere insulted over and trampled on by domineering officers fleeced by those greedy harpies to get more fees we stand in fear of some precedent laps we fall amongst refractory seditious sectories peevish puritans perverse papists a lascivious route of atheistical epicures that will not be reformed or some litigious people those wild beasts of Ephesus must be fought with that will not pay their dues without much repining or compelled by long suit like a cleric is opido infesti an old axiom all they think well-gotten that is heard from the church and by such uncivil harsh dealings they make their poor minister wary of his place if not his life and put case they be quiet honest man make the best of it as often it falls out from a polite and terse academic he must turn rustic rude melancholys alone learn to forget or else as many do become moldsters graziers chapman etc now banished from the academy all commerce of the muses and confined to a country village as ovid was from Rome to Pontus and daily converse with a company of idiots and clowns end of section 40 section 41 of the anatomy of melancholy volume one this is a librivox recording all librivox recordings are in the public domain for more information or to volunteer please visit librivox.org recording by morgan scorpion the anatomy of melancholy volume one by robert burton section 41 partition one section two member four subsections one to two subsection one non-necessary remote outward adventitious or accidental causes as first from the nurse of those remote outward ambient necessary causes i have sufficiently discussed in the precedent member the non-necessary follow of which says fuchsias no art can be made by reason of their uncertainty causality and multitude so called not necessarily because according to finalius they may be avoided and used without necessity many of these accidental causes which i shall entreat of here might have well been reduced to the former because they cannot be avoided but fatally happened to us though accidentally and unaware at some time or other the rest are contingent and inevitable and more properly inserted in this rank of causes to reckon up all is a thing impossible of some therefore most remarkable of these contingent causes which produce melancholy i will speak briefly and in their order from a child nativity the first ill accident that can likely befall him in this kind is a bad nurse by whose means alone he may be tainted with this malady from his cradle allus gelius book two chapter one brings in favorinus that eloquent philosopher proving this at large that there is the same virtue and prosperity in the milk as in the seed and not in men alone but in all other creatures he gives instance in a kid and lamb if either of them suck of the other's milk the lamb of the goats and the kid of the use the wool of the one will be hard and the hair of the other soft geraldus cambrentis confirms this by a notable example which happened in his time a sow pig by chance sucked of rock and when she was grown would miraculously hunt all manner of deer and that as well or rather better than any ordinary hound his conclusion is that men and beasts participate of her nature and conditions by whose milk they are fed favorinus urges it farther and demonstrated more evidently that if a nurse be misshapen unchaste dishonest impudent cruel or the like the child that sucks upon her breast will be so too all other affections of the mind and diseases are almost engrafted as it were and imprinted into the temperature of the infant by the nurse's milk as pox leprosy melancholy etc cato for some such reason would make his servants children suck upon his wife's breast because by that means they would love him and his the better and in all likelihood agree with them a more evident example that the minds are altered by milk cannot be given than that of deon which he relates of colligulus cruelty it could neither be imputed to father nor mother but to his cruel nurse alone that anointed her perhaps with blood still when he sucked which made him such a murderer and to express her cruelty to a hair and that of tiberius who was a common drunkard because his nurse was such a one et si de l'erre furet one observes in pantulum de l'erre fuckyet if she be a fool or adult the child she nurseth will take after her or otherwise be misaffected which franciscus barbarus proves at full and antonius grvara booked to demarker or relio the child will surely participate for bodily sickness there is no doubt to be made titus vespasian son was therefore sickly because the nurse was so lampridius and if we may believe physicians many times children catch the pox from a bad nurse botaldus besides evil attendance negligence and many gross inconveniences which are incident to nurses much danger may so come to the child for these causes Aristotle politics book seven chapter seventeen favorinus and marcus or relius would not have a child put to nurse at all but every mother to bring up her own of what condition so ever she be for a sound and able mother to put out her child to nurse is natural in temporades so grasso calls it tis fit therefore she should be nurse herself the mother will be more careful loving and attendant than any servile woman or such hard creatures this all the world acknowledges convenient isimum est as rodoricus acasto denatra mulierum book four chapter twelve in many words confesseth matrim ipsum lactare infantum it is most fit that the mother should suckle her own infant who denies that it should be soul and which some women most curiously observe among the rest that queen of France a spaniel of by birth that was so precise and zealous in this behalf that when in her absence a strange nurse had suckled her child she was never quiet till she had made the infant vomit it up again but she was too jealous if it be so as many times it is they must be put forth the mother is not fit or well able to be a nurse I would then advise such mothers as Plutarch does in his book Deliberous Educandice and Sanctus Hieronymus book two epistle 27 Magninus and the said rodoricus that they make choice of a sound woman of a good complexion honest free from bodily diseases if it be possible all passions and perturbations of the mind as sorrow fear grief folly melancholy for such passions corrupt the milk and alter the temperature of the child which now being udum at molly lutum a moist and soft clay is easily seasoned and perverted and if such a nurse may be found out that will be diligent and careful with all let fatheriness and Marcus Aurelius plead how they can against it I had rather accept of her in some cases than the mother herself and which Bonarchialis the physician biesseus the politician approves some nurses are much to be preferred to some mothers for why may not the mother be not a peabish drunken flood a waspish caloric slut a crazed piece a fool as many mothers are unsound as soon as the nurse there is more choice of nurses than mothers and therefore except the mother be most virtuous stayed a woman of excellent good parts and of a sound complexion I would have all children in such cases committed to discrete strangers and is the only way as by marriage they are engrafted to another families to alter the breed or if anything be amiss in the mother as Ludovicus Mercatus contends to prevent diseases and future maladies to correct and qualify the child's ill-disposed temperature which he had from his parents this is an excellent remedy if good choice be made of such a nurse subsection two education a cause of melancholy education of these accidental causes of melancholy may justly challenge the next place for if a man escape a bad nurse he may be undone by evil bringing up Jason pretenses puts this of education for a principal cause bad parents stepmothers tutors masters teachers too rigorous too severe too remiss or indulgent on the other side are often fountains and furthers of this disease parents and such as have the tuition and oversight of children offend many times in that they are too stern always threatening chiding brawling whipping or striking by means of which their poor children are so disheartened and cowed that they never after have any courage and marry are in their lives or take pleasure in anything there is a great moderation to be had in such things as matters of so great moments at to the making or marring of a child some fight their children with beggars bugbears and hobgoblins if they cry or be otherwise unruly but they are much to blame in it many times says levata despectress part one chapter five ex met you in morbus graves incident et nocto dormientes clament for fear they fall into many diseases and cry out in their sleep and are much the worst for it all their lives these things ought not at all ought to be sparingly done and upon just occasion tyrannical impatient harebrained school masters our d majesty so far be as terms them a jacques flag a livery are in this kind as bad as hangman and executioners they make many children endure martyrdom all the while they are at school with bad diet if they board in their houses too much severity and ill usage they quite pervert their temperature of body and mind still chiding railing frowning lashing tasking keeping that they are frack the animus moped many times weary of their lives nimea severitate defecuant et desperate and think no slavery in the world as once i did myself like to that of a grammar scholar triceptorum ineptis discrucianto in genia pororum seith erasmus they tremble at his voice looks coming in st augustine in the first book of his confessions calls this schooling melikulossum neskesitartum and elsewhere amartidum and confessors of himself how cruelly he was tortured in mind for learning greek noloverber norverum et savis teroribus et prinus utnosum instantabor mihi vehementer i know nothing and with cruel terrors and punishment i was daily compelled baiser complains in like case of a rigorous school master in paris that made him by his continual thunder and threats once in a mind to drown himself had he not met by the way with an uncle of his that vindicated him from that misery for the time by taking him to his house trincavelius had a patient nineteen years of age extremely melancholy obnimium studium tarvitii et preceptoris minus by reason of over much study and his tutors threats many masters are hard-hearted and bitter to their servants and by that means do so to jet with terrible speeches and hard usage so crucify them that they become desperate and can never be recalled others again in that opposite extreme doers great harm by their too much remissness they give them no bringing up no calling to busy themselves about or to live in teach them no trade or set them in any good course by means of which their servants children scholars are carried away with that stream of drunkenness idleness gaming and many such irregular courses that in the end they ru it curse their parents and mischief themselves too much indulgence causes the like inept apatrus lenitas at vacilitas prava when as meteor like with too much liberty and too great allowance they feed their children's humans let them revel wench riot swagger and do what they will themselves and then punish them with the noise of musicians obsonet portet olyat und duentre de mayo amat dabitor ami argentum ubi erit komodum fores effregit vestit duentre deskidit vestem vesarchiator vaciat quadlubet sumat consumat podat decretum as party but as de mayo told him to illum corumpi sinis your lenity will be his undoing pravedere video jam diem illum kum hik egens profugiet aleco militatum i foresee his ruin so parents often err many fond mothers especially don't so much upon their children like ethops ape till in the end they crush them to death corporeum nutricase animarum novurke pampering up their bodies to the undoing of their souls they will not let them be corrected or controlled but still soothed up in everything they do that in conclusion they bring sorrow shame heaviness to their parents ecclesiasticus chapter thirty eight nine become wanton stubborn willful and disobedient rude untought headstrong incorrigible and graceless they love them so foolishly saith cardin that they rather seem to hate them bringing them not up to virtue but injury not to learning but to riot not to sober life and conversation but to all pleasure and licentious behavior who is he of so little experience that knows not this of favours to be true education is another nature altering the mind and will and i would to god saith he we ourselves did not spoil our children's manners by our overmuch cockering and nice education and weaken the strength of their bodies and minds that causes custom custom nature etc for these causes plutuck in his book deliberis educandis and hyronymous gives a most special charge to all parents and many good cautions about bringing up of children that they be not committed to indiscreet passionate bedlam tutors light giddy headed or covetous persons and spare for no cost that they may be well nurtured and taught it being a matter of so great consequence for such parents as do otherwise plutuck esteems of them that are more careful of their shoes and of their feet that rate their wealth above their children and he says cardin that leaves his son to a covetous schoolmaster to be informed or to a close abbey to fast and learn wisdom together does no other than that he be a learned fool or a sickly wise man end of section 41 section 42 of the anatomy of melancholy volume one this is a libra vox recording all libra vox recordings are in the public domain for more information or to volunteer please visit libravox.org recording by morgan scorpion the anatomy of melancholy volume one by robert burton section 42 partition one section two member four subsections three and four subsection three terrors and the frights causes of melancholy tully in the fourth of his tusculans distinguishes these terrors which arise from the apprehension of some terrible object heard or seen from other fears and so doth patritius live five tit four de regis institute of all fears they are most pernicious and violent and so suddenly alter the whole temperature of the body move the soul and spirits strike such a deep impression that the parties can never be recovered causing more grievous and fiercer melancholy as felix platter speaks out of his experience than any inward cause whatsoever and imprints itself so forcibly in the spirit's brain humours that if all the mass of blood were let out of the body it could hardly be extracted this horrible kind of melancholy for so he terms it had been often brought before him and troubled underfrights commonly men and women young and old of all sorts hercules disaxonia calls this kind of melancholy abadgetatione spiritual by a peculiar name it comes from the agitation motion contraction dilation of spirits not for many this temperature of humours and produces strong effects this terror is most usually caused as plutarch will have from some imminent danger when a terrible object is at hand heard seen or conceived truly appearing or in a dream and many times the more suddenly accident it is the more violent starts terror animus at core atronitum salad pavidunque trepidus palpitat venus diecor their souls afight their heart amazed quakes the trembling liver pants in the veins and aches a themadorus the grimerion lost his wits by the unexpected site of a crocodile laurentius the massacre at leon 1572 in the reign of charles the nine were so terrible and fearful that many ran mad some died great bellied women were brought to bed before their time generally all afighted aghast many lose their wits by the sudden site of some spectrum or devil a thing very common in all ages saith laveter part one chapter nine as orestes did at the site of the furies which appeared to him in black as proscenius records the greeks call them more more like air which so terrify their souls or if they be but a frighted by some counterfeit devils in jest utpore trepidant at quay omnia kaikis internebrous metruant as children in the dark conceive hobgoblins and are so afraid they are the worst for it all their lives some by sudden fires earthquakes inundations or any such dismal objects zamaskon the physician fell into a hydrophobia by seeing one sick of that disease dioscoridase book six chapter thirty three or by the site of a monster a carcass they are disquieted many months following and cannot endure the room where a corpse has been for a world would not be alone with a dead man or lie in that bed many years after in which a man has died at basil many little children in the springtime went to gather flowers in a meadow at the town's end where a malefactor hung in gibbets all gazing at it one by chance flung a stone and made it stir by which accident the children of frighted ran away one slower than the rest looked back and seeing the stirred carcass wag towards her cried out it came after her and was so terribly affrighted that for many days she could not rest eat or sleep she could not be pacified but melancholy died in the same town another child beyond the Rhine saw a grave opened and upon the site of a carcass was so troubled in mind that she could not be comforted but a little after departed and was buried by it platterous obzervatione's book one a gentlewoman of the same city saw a fat hog cut up when the entrails were opened and a noisome saver offended her nose she much misliked and would not longer abide a physician in presence told her as that hog so was she full of filthy excruence and aggravated the matter by some other loathsome instances in so much this nice gentlewoman apprehended it so deeply that she fell forthwith of omitting was so mightily distempered in mind and body that with all his art and persuasions for some months after he could not restore her to herself again she could not forget it or remove the object out of her sight idem many cannot endure to see a wound opened but they are offended a man executed or labor of any fearful disease as possession apoplexes one bewitched or if they read by chance of some terrible thing the symptoms alone of such a disease or that which they dislike they are instantly troubled in mind aghast ready to apply it to themselves they are as much disquieted as if they had seen it or were so affected themselves lamentable effects are caused by such terrible objects heard read or seen auditus maximals mortis in corpore facet as plutar calls no sense makes greater alteration of body and mind sudden speech sometimes unexpected news be they good or bad previsa minas or ratio will move as much animum obrure et de sedes so adedicare as a philosopher observes will take away our sleep and appetite disturb and quite overturn us let them bear witness that have heard these tragical alarms outcries hideous noises which are many times suddenly heard in the dead of the night by eruption of enemies and accidental fires etc those panic fears which often drive men out of their wits bereave them of sense understanding at all some for a time some for their whole lives they never recover it the midi nights were so frightened by Gideon soldiers they breaking but everyone a picture and Hannibal's army by such a panic fear was discomforted at the walls of Rome august Olivia hearing a few tragical verses recited out of Virgil Tumor callus eris etc fell down dead in a swoon edinus king of Denmark by a sudden sound which he heard was turned into fury with all his men cransious amartus lucitanius had a patient that by reason of bad tidings became epilepticus cardin de solstilitate rareum book 18 saw one that lost his wits by mistaking of an echo if one sense alone can cause such violent commotions of the mind what may we think when hearing sight and those other sentences are all troubled at once as by some earthquakes thunder lightning tempests etc at Bologna in Italy ano 1504 there was such a fearful earthquake about 11 o'clock in the night as Beroaldus in his book de terror motu has commended to posterity that all the city trembled the people thought the world was at an end actum dimotalibus such a fearful noise it made such a detestable smell the inhabitants were infinitely affrighted and some ran mad Audi rem atrochem at an alibis memorandum my own author adds hear a strange story and worthy to be chronicled I had a servant at the time called Fulco Argelanus a bold and proper man so grievously terrified with it that he was first melancholy after doted at last mad and made away with himself after skin in Japan there was such an earthquake and darkness on a sudden that many men were offended with headache many overwhelmed with sorrow and melancholy at may outcome whole streets and goodly palaces were overturned at the same time and there was such a hideous noise with all like thunder and filthy smell that their hair stared for fear and their hearts quaked men and beasts were incredibly terrified in Sakai another city the same earthquake was so terrible unto them that many were bereft of their senses and others by that horrible spectacle so much amazed that they knew not what they did blazius a christian the reporter of the news was so affrighted for his part that though it were two months after he was scarce his own man neither could he drive the remembrance of it out of his mind many times some years following they will tremble afresh at the remembrance or conceit of such a terrible object even all their lives long if mentioned be made of it Cornelius a gripper relates out of grigliamus paris theensis a story of one that after distasteful purge which a position had prescribed unto him was so much moved that at the very sight of physics he would be distempered though he never so much as smelled to it the box of physics long after would give him a purge nay the very remembrance of it did affect it like travelers and seamen says Plutarch that when they have been sanded or dashed on a rock forever after fear not that miss chance only but all such dangers whatsoever subsection four scoffs, calamities, bitter jests how they cause melancholy it is an old saying a blow with a word strikes deeper than a blow with a sword and many men are as much gold with a calamity a scourless and bitter jest a libel a paschal satire apologue epigram stage play or the like as with any misfortune whatsoever princes and potentates that are otherwise happy and have all that command secure and free quibbles pretentia scleris infunitatum fecchit are grievously vexed with these paschalling libels and satires they fear a railing aratine more than an enemy in the field which made most princes of his time as some relate allow him a liberal pension that he should not tax them in his satires the gods had them almost Homer his zealous Achilles his stursites Philip his demodays the Caesars themselves in Rome were commonly taunted there was never wanting a patronius a lucian in those times nor will be a rabble a new formio a brocolinas in ours adrian the sixth pope was so highly offended and grievously vexed with paschalers at Rome he gave command that his statue should be demolished and burned the ashes flung into the river tibre and had done it forthwith had not Ludovica's stress on us a facete companion dissuaded him to the contrary by telling him that paschal's ashes would turn to frogs in the bottom of the river and croak worse and louder than before genus irritably vatum and therefore Socrates in plateau advised with all his friends that respect their credits to stand in awe of poets for they are terrible fellows can praise and dispraise as they see cause hink qualms that columnist saviour ence partet the prophet david complains psalm hundred and twenty three for that his soul was full of the mocking of the wealthy and of the despitefulness of the proud and psalm level four for the voice of the wicked et cetera and their hate his heart trembled within him and the terrors of death came upon him fear and horrible fear et cetera and psalm sixty nine twenty rebuke has broken my heart and i am full of heaviness who has not like cause to complain and is not so troubled that she'll fall into the mouths of such men for many are so petulant to spleen and have that figure sarcasmas so often in their mouths so bitter so foolish as both azar castillo notes of them that they cannot speak but they must bite they had rather lose a friend than a jest and what company so ever they come in they will be scoffing insulting over their inferior especially over such as any way depend upon them humoring misusing or putting gulleries on some or other till they have made by their humoring or gulling extulto insanum a mope or a noddy and all to make themselves merry demoro risum exotia tzibi nonhikri cram parkit amiko friends neuters enemies all ours one to make a fool a madman is their sport and they have no greater felicity than to scoff and divide others they must sacrifice to the god of laughter with them in apuleus once a day or else they shall be melancholy themselves they care not how they grind and misuse others so they may exhilarate their own persons their wits indeed serve them to that sole purpose to make sport to break a scoral jest which is levissimus ingenii fructus the froth of wit as truly holds and for this they are often applauded in all other discourse dry baron struminius dull and heavy here lies their genius in this they alone excel please themselves and others leo decimus that scoffing pope as jovius has registered in the fourth book of his life took an extraordinary delight in humoring of stilly fellows and to put gulleries upon them by commending some persuading others to this or that he made extolidus stultisimus x maxima ridiculous extultis insanus soft fellows stark noddies and some as were foolish quite mad before he left them one memorable example he recites there of tara scomas of palmer a musician that was so humid by leo decimus and bibiana his second in this business that he thought himself to be a man of most excellent skill who was indeed a mini they made him set foolish songs and invented new ridiculous precepts which they did highly commend as to tie his arm that played on the loot to make him strike a sweeter stroke and to pull down the ours hangings because the voice would be clearer by reason of the reverberation of the wall in the like manner they persuaded one bower balius of kaita that he was as good a poet as petrarch would have him to be made a laureate poet and invite all his friends to his installment and had so possessed the poor man with the conceit of his excellent poetry that when some of his more discreet friends told him of his folly he was very angry with them and said they envied his honor and prosperity it was strange safe jovious to see an old man of sixty years a venerable and grave old man so galled but what cannot such scoffers do especially if they find a soft creature on whom they may work nay to say truth who is so wise or so discreet that may not be humid in this kind especially if some excellent wits shall set upon him he that mad others if he were so humid would be as mad himself as much grieved and tormented he might cry with him in the comedy for Jupiter to Hormome adigas ad ansanium for all is in these things as they are taken if he be a silly soul and do not perceive it tis well he may happily make other sport and be no witch troubled himself but if he be apprehensive of his folly and take it to heart then it torments him worse than any lash a bitter jest a slander a calumny pierces deeper than any loss danger bodily pain or injury whatsoever leviter en im volat it flies swiftly as burnered of an arrow said graviter vulnerable but wounds deeply especially if it shall proceed from a brilliant tongue it cuts says david like a two-edged sword they shoot bitter words as arrows psalm sixty five five and they smote with their tongues Jeremiah twenty eight eighteen and that's so hard that they leave an incurable wound behind them many men are undone by this means moped and so dejected that they are never to be recovered and of all other men living those which are actually melancholy or inclined to it are most sensible as being suspicious choleric apt to mistake and impatient of an injury in that kind they aggravate and so meditate continually of it that it is a perpetual corrosive not to be removed till time wear it out although they pair adventure that so scoff do it alone in mirth and merriment and hold it optimum alien a free insania an excellent thing to enjoy another man's madness yet they must know that it is a mortal sin as thomas holds and as the prophet david denounces they that use it shall never dwell in god's tabernacle such scoffers jests flouts and sarcasms therefore or not at all to be used especially to our betters to those that are in misery or are anyway distressed for to such a rumnarrum incrementa sunt they multiply grief and as he perceived in malta's pudor in malta's et cetera many are ashamed many vexed angered and there is no greater cause or further of melancholy martin chromeworths in the sixth book of his history has a pretty story to this purpose of bloodslous the second king of poland and peter danious earl of shrine they had been hunting late and were enforced to lodge in a poor cottage when they went to bed bloodslous told the earl ingest that his wife lay softer with the hour to shrine he not able to contain replied et tour cum de beso and yours with de besos a gallant young gentleman in the court whom christina the queen loved take it it dictum principis animum these words of his so gold that he was long after tristus et cogita bundes very sad and melancholy for many months but they were the earl's utter undoing for when christina heard of it she persecuted him to death so fear the empress justinian's wife broke a bitter jest upon narsetis the eunuch a famous captain then disquieted for an overthrow which he lately had that he was fitter for a distaff and to keep women company than to wield a sword or to be the general of an army but it cost her dear for he so far distasted it that he went forthwith to the adverse part much trouble in his thoughts caused the lombards to rebel and thence procured many miseries to the commonwealth tiberius the emperor withheld a legacy from the people of rome which his predecessor augustus had lately given and perceiving a fellow round a dead course in the ear would needs know wherefore he did so the fellow replied that he wished the departed soul to signify to augustus the commons of rome were yet unpaid for this bitter jest the emperor caused him forthwith to be slain and carry the news himself for this reason all those that otherwise approve of jest in some causes and facet companions as who does not let them laugh and be merry ruppanteur et illa codrol tis lordable and fit those yet will by no means admit them in their companies that are anyway inclined to this malady non-jocandum iis qui miseri sunt et arrum noci no jesting with a discontented person tis castillo's caveat johannus pontanus and galateus and every good man's play with me but hurt me not jest with me but shame me not comitas is a virtue between rusticity and scruality two extremes as avability is between flattery and contention it must not exceed but be still accompanied with that abla bear or innocency quinemini knock it omnum injuriae oblationum abhorans hurts no man abhors all offer of injury though a man be liable to such a jest or obliquy have been overseen or committed a foul fact yet it is no good manners or humanity to upgrade to hit him in the teeth with his offence or to scoff at such a one tis an old axiom terpus in rium omnis exprobatio i speak not of such as generally tax vice barclay gentilis irasmus agrippa fish cartus etc the varonists and lucians of our time satirists epigramists comedians apologists etc but such as personate rail scoff columniate per string by name or in presence offend leuded christolida for carcattate non ecestius ille said cabalas tis horseplay this and those jests as he says are no better than injuries biting jests mordentes et aculiatii they are poisoned jests leave a sting behind them and ought not to be used set not thy foot to make the blind to fall nor willfully offend thy weaker brother nor wound the dead with thy tongue's bitter gall neither rejoice thou in the fall of other if these rules could be kept we should have much more ease and quietness than we have less melancholy whereas on the contrary we study to misuse each other how to sting and gall like two fighting wars bending all our force and wit friends fortune to crucify one another souls by means of which there is little content and charity much virulency hatred malice and disquietness among us end of section 42 section 43 of the anatomy of melancholy volume one this is a librivox recording all librivox recordings are in the public domain for more information or to volunteer please visit librivox.org recording by morgan scorpion the anatomy of melancholy volume one by robert burton section 43 partition one section two member four subsections five to six subsection five loss of liberty servitude imprisonment how they cause melancholy to this catalogue of causes i may well annex loss of liberty servitude or imprisonment which to some persons is as great a torture as any of the rest though they have all things convenient sumptuous houses to their use fair walks and gardens delicious bars galleries good fair and diet and all things correspondent yet they are not content because they are confined may not come and go at their leisure have and do what they will but live alien a quadra at another man's table and command as it is in meats so it is in all other things places societies sports let them be never so pleasant commodious wholesome so good yet on the est satiates there is a loathing satiety of all things the children of israel were tired with manna it is irksome to them so to live as to a bird in his cage or a dog in his kennel they are weary of it they are happy it is true and have all things to another man's judgment that heart can wish or that they themselves can desire bonuses so anoint yet they loathe it and are tired with the present es natura hominem novitatis avida men's nature is still desirous of news variety delights and our wandering affections are so irregular in this kind that they must change though it must be to the worst bachelors must be married and married men would be bachelors they do not love their own wives though otherwise fair wise virtuous and well qualified because they are theirs our present state is still the worst we cannot endure one course of life long at quod modo reverat audit one calling long essay in honor a duvet mox displicate one place long romai tubo amor bentosis tabore romam that which we earnestly sought we now condemn them hook cause them adjit ad mortem safe senica quod proposita saipae mutando in iadum revolvonto et non relic ront novitati locum fastidio caipit essay vita et ipsus mundus et subit ilud rapidis imarum deliquiarum cross quae iadum this alone kills many a man that they are tied to the same still as a horse in a mill a dog in a wheel they run round without alteration or news their life growth odious the world loathsome and that which crosseth their furious delights what still the same marcus orillus and solomon that had experience of all worldly delights and pleasure confessed as much of themselves what they most desired was tedious at last and that their lust could never be satisfied all was vanity and affliction of mind now if it be death itself another hell to be glutted with one kind of sport diet it with one dish tied to one place though they have all things otherwise as they can desire and are in heaven to another man's opinion what misery and discontent shall they have that live in slavery or in prison itself quod tristius mortae in servitude pervendum as hermolaus told alexander incurtius worse than death is bondage hawk animus keto omnes fortes ut mortem servitude anteponent all brave men at arms tully holes are so affected a creedom ego is sum please servitude them extremum omnium malorum essay arbitra i am he says for terrace that account servitude the extremity of misery and what calamity do they endure that live with those hard taskmasters in gold mines like those 30 000 indian slaves at potosi in peru tin mines lead mines stone quarries coal pits like so many moldy warps underground condemned to the galleys to perpetual drudgery hunger thirst and stripes without all hope of delivery how are those women in turkey affected that most part of the year come not abroad those italian and spanish dames that are mewed up like hawks and locked up by their jealous husbands how tedious it is to them that live in stoves and caves half a year together as in iceland muscary or under the pole itself where they have six months perpetual night nay what misery and discontent did they endure that are in prison they want all those six non-natural things at once good air good diet exercise company sleep rest ease etc that are bound in chains all day long supper hunger and as lucian describes it must abide that filthy stink and rattling of chains howlings pitiful outcries that prisoners usually make these things are not only troublesome but intolerable they lie nastily among toads and frogs in a dark dungeon in their own dung in pain of body in pain of soul as joseph did psalm cv 18 they hurt his feet in the stocks the iron entered his soul they live solitary alone sequestered from all company but heart-eating melancholy and for want of meat must eat that bread of affliction prey upon themselves well might arculinas put long imprisonment for a cause especially to such as have lived jovially in all sensuality and lust upon a sudden are estranged and debauged from all manner of pleasures as were huniades edward and richard the second valerian the emperor by jazzyt the turk if it be irksome to miss our ordinary companions and repast for one day or an hour what shall it be to lose them forever if it be so great a delight to live at liberty and to enjoy that variety of objects the world affords what misery and discontent must it needs bring to him that shall now be cast headlong into that Spanish inquisition to fall from heaven to hell to be cubbed up upon a sudden how shall he be perplexed what shall become of him robert duke of normandy being imprisoned by his youngest brother henry the first ab illo the inconsolably dolore and carcary contabuit says massie paris from that day forward pined away with grief juggerser that generous captain brought to roman triumph and after imprisoned through anguish of his soul and melancholy died roger bishop of solsbury the second man from king steven he that built that famous castle of devices in wiltshire was so tortured in prison with hunger and all those calamities accompanying such men ought to be very nolly wear it mori nesky errant he would not live and could not die between fear of death and torments of life frances king of france was taken prisoner by charles fifth at mortem ferry melancholicus saith gucchiardini melancholy almost to death and that in an instant but this is as clear as the sun and needs no further illustration subsection six poverty and want causes of melancholy poverty and want are so violent of puners so unwelcome guests so much abhorred of all men that i may not omit to speak of them apart poverty although if considered a right to a wise understanding truly regenerate and contented man it be donham day a blessed estate the way to heaven as chrysostome calls it god's gift the mother of modesty and much to be preferred before riches as shall be shown in his place yet as it is esteemed in the world censure it is a most odious calling vile and base a severe torture summum skelos a most intolerable burden we shun it all carne pages at anguish worse than a dog or a snake we abhor the name of it for pertus fugito to toque are kessiter or be as being the fountain of all other miseries cares woes labors and grievances whatsoever to avoid which we will take any pains extremus courage mercator at indos we will leave no haven no coast no creek of the world unsearched though it be to the hazard of our lives we will dive to the bottom of the sea to the bowels of the earth five six seven eight nine hundred fathom deep through all five zones and both extremes of heat and cold we will turn parasites and slaves prostitute ourselves swear and lie damn our bodies and souls forsake god abdure religion steal rob murder rather than endure this insufferable yoke of poverty which does so tyrannize crucify and generally depress us for look into the world and you shall see men most part esteemed according to their means and happy as they are rich ube quay tante quiz quay quantum habit fruit if he be likely to thrive and in the way of preferment who but he in the vulgar opinion if a man be wealthy no matter how he gets it of what parentage how qualified how virtuously in doubt or villainously inclined let him be a board a gripe a usurer a villain a pagan a barbarian a wretch lucian's tyrant on whom you may look with less security than on the sun so that he be rich and liberal with all he shall be honored admired adored reverenced and highly magnified the rich is had in reputation because of his goods ecclesiasties 1031 he shall be befriended for riches gather many friends proverbs 29 for multus numerabit amicus all happiness ebbs and flows with his money he shall be accounted a gracious lord a macaenus a benefactor a wise discreet a proper a valiant a fortunate man of a generous spirit polos jovus et galinai philius albae a hopeful a good man a virtuous honest man quando ego e dunonium prerum et matris partum veri orium as tully said of octavianus while he was adopted Caesar and an heir apparent of so great a monarchy he was a golden child all honor offices applause grand titles and turbulent epithets are put upon him omnis omnia bona di care all men's eyes are upon him god bless his good worship his honor every man speaks well of him every man presents him seeks and sews to him for his love favor and protection to serve him belong unto him every man rises to him as to thymistocles in the olympics if he speak as of herod vox day non hominus the voice of god not man all the graces venerys pleasures elegances attend him golden fortune accompanies and lodges with him and as to those roman emperors is placed in his chamber secure navigate aura for tunam quay so temperate arbiterio he may sail as he will himself and temper his estate at his pleasure jovial delays splendor and magnificence sweet music dainty fair the good things the fat of the land fine clothes richer tires soft beds down pillows are at his command all the world labors for him thousands of artifices are his slaves to drudge for him run ride and post for him divines for pithya philippis at lawyers physicians philosophers scholars are his holy devote to his service every man seeks his acquaintance his kindred to match with him though he be enough a nanny a monster a goosecap oxorum ducat danian when and whom he will hunk optum generum rex at legina he is an excellent match for my son my daughter my niece etc quick quid calcavirate hick rosa viet let him go wither he will trumpets sound bell's ring etc all happiness attends him every man is willing to entertain him he subs in a polo wheresoever he comes what preparation is made for his entertainment fish and foul spices and perfumes all that sea and land affords what cookery masking mirth to exhilarate his person d'artrebiol pony at trebium vis frata ab ilia illibus what dish will your good worship eat off dulchia poma et quascunque ferret cultus tibifundus honores ante laum gustet venerabilio laure dives sweet apples and whatever thy fields afford before thy gods be served let's serve thy lord what sports will your honor have hawking hunting fishing fouling balls bears cards dice cocks players tumblers fillers gestures etc they are at your good worship's command fair houses gardens orchards terraces galleries cabinets pleasant walks delight some places they are at hand in oreas luck venum in argentias adolescent to lie at newtom speciosi wine wenches etc a turkish paradise a heaven upon earth though he be a silly soft fellow and scarce have common sense yet if he be born to fortunes as i have said joy hereditario superior better he must have honor and office in his course nemo nisi diva's honor a dignus and rosia's none so worthy as himself he shall have it at quayesto quickrid service otlabio get money enough and command kingdoms provinces armies hearts hands and affections thou shalt have hopes patriarchs to be thy chaplains and parasites thou shalt have tamalain like kings to draw thy coach queens to be thy laundresses emperors thy footstools build more towns and cities than great alexander babel towers pyramids and mausoleum tombs etc command heaven and earth and tell the world it is thy vassal aro emitter diadema argento chylam panditor denarius folisophum conducit numus just cogit obulus literatum pasquit metallum sanitatum conciliate ace amicus conclutinate and therefore not without good cause john demedici's that rich florentine when he lay upon his deathbed calling his sons cosmo and laurence before him amongst other sober sayings repeated this animal quieto digredio quadros sanus adivites post me relinquam it does me good to think yet though i be dying that i shall leave you my children sound and rich for wealth sways all it is not with us as amongst those lackademonian senators of lycurgus in plutoc he preferred that deserved best was most virtuous and worthy of the place not swiftness or strength or wealth or friends carried it in those days but interoptimus optimus inter temporantes temporantismus the most temperate and best we have no aristocracies but in contemplation all oligarchies wherein a few rich men dominere do what they list and are privileged by their greatness they may freely trespass and do as they please no man dare accuse them no not so much as mutter against them there is no notice taken of it they may securely do it live after their own laws and for their money get pardons indulgences redeem their souls from purgatory and hell itself clausum possidate archa jovam let them be epicures or atheists libertines machiavellians as they often are at crumb viz perduous erit sine gente cruentus they may go to heaven through the eye of a needle if they will themselves they may be canonized for saints they shall be honorably interred in mausoleum tombs commended by poets registered in histories have temples and statues erected to their names a manibus illus nascenta viola if he be bountiful in his life and liberal at his death he shall have one to swear as he did by claudius the emperor in tachythus he saw his soul go to heaven and be miserably lamented at its funeral ambuba larum collegia etc trimulchionis topanta in petronius recta in caelum abiet went right to heaven a base queen thou wast have scorned once in thy misery to have a penny from her and why modior numus metit she measured her money by the bushel these prerogatives do not usually belong to rich men but to such as our most part seeming rich let him have but a good outside he carries it and shall be adored for a god as cyrus was amongst the persians obsplendidum upper atom for his gay attires now most men are esteemed according to their clothes in our gollish times whom you per adventure in modesty would give place to as being deceived by his habit and presuming him some great worshipful man believe it if you shall examine his estate he will likely be proved a serving man of no great note my lady's tailor his lordship's barber or some such gull a fastidious brisk subpetrinal flash a mere outside only this respect is given him that wheresoever he comes he may call for what he will and take place by reason of his outward habit but on the contrary if he be poor proverbs twenty five fifteen all his days are miserable he is under hatches dejected rejected and forsaken poor in purse poor in spirit proverbs no bit fluid it aet animals say habit money gives life and soul though he be honest wise learned well deserving noble by birth and of excellent good parts yet in that he is poor unlikely to rise come to honor office or good means he is condemned neglected first the subpet interliterous essu it amicus molestus if he speaks what babla is this aecus his nobility without wealth is projector villio alga and he not esteemed knows vile's pulling naughty infallicobus ovis if once poor we are metamorphosed in an instant base slaves villains and wildrudges for to be poor is to be a naïve a fool a wretch a wicked an odious fellow a common eyesore say poor and say all they are born to labor to misery to carry burdens like humans pistons sterkers come a dairy with ulysses companions and as cremilus objected in Aristophanes salam lingerie lick salt to empty jakes faith channels carry out dirt and dung hills sweep chimneys rub horse heels etc i say nothing of turks galley slaves which are bought and sold like humans or those african negroes or poor indian drudges quick india's hick indae at deferendus or nervous accompaniment now i'm caught up with nose boves at assony vehunt trahunt etc it omnae miscellus indis they are ugly to behold and though erst spruce now rusty and squalid because poor imundus fortunus acrum est squalorum sequi it is ordinarily so others eat to live but they live to drudge servilis et miser against nighill recusari audet a servile generation that dare refuse no task here's to dromo carpe hawk flabellum ventillum hick faccato dum lavamis so a blow wind upon us while we wash and bid your fellow get him up at times in the morning be it fair or foul he shall run fifty miles a foot tomorrow to carry me a letter to my mistress socia ad pistrinum socia shall tarry at home and grind malt all day long tristan thresh thus are they commanded being indeed some of them so many footstools for rich men to tread on blocks for them to get on horseback or as walls for them to piss on they are commonly such people rude silly superstitious idiots nasty unclean lousy poor dejected slavishly humble and as leo affa observes of the commonality of africa natura villiore sunt neck abut suos duques maggiore in prequio quam si carne is essent base by nature and no more esteem than dogs mizoram laboriosum calamitosum vietum agunt et inopem infiliquem rudioris assinis ut e brutis plane natus dickas no learning no knowledge no civility scarce common sense naught but barbarism amongst them belluno mori vivant neque calcios gestant neque vestes like rogues and vaguons they go barefoot and barelegged the soles of their feet being as hard as horse hooves as radzivilius observed at damietta in egypt leading a laborious miserable wretched unhappy life like beasts and humans if not worse for a spaniard in incotan sold three indian boys for a cheese and a hundred negro slaves for a horse their discourse is scurrility their summum bonum a pot of ale there is not any slavery which these villains will not undergo inter illos placere latrinus evacuant ali e culinarum currant ali e stabularios agunt urinatores et iguenus similia exerquent etc like those people that dwell in the alps chimney sweepers jakes farmers dirt dwarvers vagrant rogues they labor hard some and yet cannot get clothes to put on or bread to eat for what can filthy poverty give else but beggary fulsome nastiness squalor contempt drudgery labor ugliness hunger and thirst pediculorum et pulicum numerum as he well followed it in our estophanies fleas and lice pro palio vestum lacrim et propul venari lapidum bene magnum at kaput rags for his raiment and a stone for his pillow pro cathedra rubtai kaput urnai he sits in a broken picture all on a block for a chair et malve ramus propanibus comedit he drinks water and lives on word leaves pulse like a hog or scraps like a dog ut nuncanobis vita afikitor christen on puttabit insanium essay infelicita temque as chromilius concludes his speech as we poor men live nowadays who will not take our life to be infelicity misery and madness if they be of little better condition than those base villains hunger-styled beggars wandering rogues those ordinary slaves and daylaboring drudges yet they are commonly so preyed upon by polling officers for breaking the laws by their tyrannizing landlords so flayed and pleased by perpetual exactions that though they do drudge fair heart and starve their genius they cannot live in some countries but what they have is instantly taken from them the very care they take to live to be drudges to maintain their poor families their trouble and anxiety takes away their sleep it makes them weary of their lives when they have taken all pains done their utmost and honest endeavors if they be cast behind by sickness or overtaken with years no man pities them hard-hearted and merciless and charitable as they are they leave them so distressed to beg steal murmur and rebel or else starve the feeling and fear of this misery compelled those old romans whom menanias agripper pacified to resist their governors outlaws and rebels in most places to take up seditious arms and in all ages has caused uproars murmurings seditions rebellions thefts murders mutinies jars and contentions in every commonwealth grudging repining complaining discontent in each private family because they want means to live according to their callings bring up their children it breaks their hearts they cannot do as they would no greater misery than for a lord to have a knight's living a gentleman a yeoman's not to be able to live as his birth and place require property and want are generally corrosives to all kinds of men especially to such as have been in good and flourishing estate are suddenly distressed nobly born liberally brought up and by some disaster and casualty miserably dejected for the rest as they have base fortunes so have they base minds correspondent like beetles a stochore orte a stochore victor's in stochore delicium as they were obscurely born and bred so they delight in obscenity they are not thoroughly touched with it angustus animus angusto impector averscent yet that which is no small cause of their torments if once they come to be in distress they are forsaken of their fellows most part neglected and left unto themselves as poor terence in rome was by scipio leilius and furius his great and noble friends nilpublius scipio profit nil a leilius nil furius trace per idem tempus qui agitavent nobileis facilimi harem ille opera ne dormon quidant haborit conductidium tis generally so temporis ifurent nubila solis eris he is left cold and comfortless noris at amethas ibid amicus opes all flee from him as from a rotten wall now ready to fall on their heads proverbs 19 1 poverty separates them from their neighbors d'unfortuner fathered voltum servatis amici cum cedicit topi vertitis ora fuga whilst fortune favoured friends you smiled on me but when she fled a friend i could not see which is worse yet if he be poor every man contempts him insults over him oppresses him scoff sat aggravates his misery krum kapit kusata domus subsideri pates in proclinatus omne recumbit onus when once the tottering house begins to shrink thither comes all the wait by an instinct ney they are odious to their own brethren and dearest friends proverbs 19 7 his brethren hate him if he be poor omnis bikini odorant his neighbors hate him proverbs 15 20 omnis mi nocti at ignoted deserent as he complained in the comedy friends and strangers all forsake me which is most grievous poverty makes men ridiculous nil habit in felix porpertis doius in se cram cod ridiculos homines facet they must endure jests taunts flouts blows of their batters and take all in good part to get a meal's meat magnum porperis oprobium dubert quidavus at faquari at party he must turn parasite jester for kum desipientibus desipari saithuipides slave villain drudge to get a poor living apply himself to each man's humours to win and please etc and be buffeted when he hath all done as ulysses was by melancius in homer be reviled baffled insulted over for potentiorum stole titta per ferenda est and may not so much as mutter against it he must turn rogue and villain for as the saying is nekesitat cogit ad terpia poverty alone makes men thieves rebels murderers traitors assassins because of poverty we have sinned ecclesiasticus 27 1 swear and forswear bear false witness lie disembol anything as i say to advantage themselves and to relieve their necessities colpe scleris quay magistra est when a man is driven to his shifts what will he not do see miserable tuna synonym thinks it vanum etium bedakem quay improbah finget he will betray his father prince and country turn turk forsake religion abdual god and all nulla tam horrenda for dito quam illi lucri causa safe leo affa perpetrare nullint playtoe therefore calls poverty seavish sacrilegious filthy wicked and mischievous and well he might for it makes many an upright man otherwise had he not been in want to take bribes to be corrupt to do against his conscience to sell his tongue heart hand etc to be churlish hard unmerciful uncivil to use indirect means to help his present estate it makes princes to exact upon their subjects great men tyrannize landlords oppress justice mercenary lawyers vultures physicians harpies friends importunate tradesmen liars honest men thieves devout assassins great men to prostitute their wives daughters and themselves middle sort to repine commons to mutiny all to grudge murmur and complain a great temptation to all mischief it compels some miserable wretches to counterfeit several diseases to dismember make themselves blind lame to have a more plausible cause to beg and lose their limbs to recover their present wants jodocus them hodarius a lawyer of bruge praxi rearum criminallium chapter 112 have some notable examples of such counterfeit cranks and every village almost will yield abundant testimonies among us we have damoras abraham men etc and that which is the extent of misery it enforces them through anguish and wearesomeness of their lives to make away themselves they had rather be hanged drowned etc than to live without means in mariketifarum neta premat aspera agestas desili et akelsis koroe kernay dugis much better it is to break thy neck or drown thyself in the sea than suffer irksome poverty go make thyself away as tiborite of old as i find it registered in athenaeus sopping infiditius in sparta and observing their hard fare said it was no marvel if the lacodemonians were valiant men for his part he would rather run upon a sword point and so would any man in his wits than live with such base diet or lead so wretched a life in japonia it is a common thing to stifle their children if they be poor or to make an abortion which Aristotle commends in that civil commonwealth of china the mother strangles her child if she be not able to bring it up and had rather lose than sell it or have it endure such misery as poor men do our nobius book seven adversus gentes lactantius book five chapter nine objects as much to those ancient greeks and romans they did expose their children to wild beasts strangle or knock out their brains against a stone in such cases if we may give credit to munster amongst us christians in nithuania they voluntarily emancipate and sell themselves their wives and children to rich men to avoid hunger and beggary many make away themselves in this extremity a pickiest the roman when he cast up his accounts and found what a hundred thousand crowns left murdered himself for fear he should be famished to death pferestus in his medicinal observations has a memorable example of two brothers of louvain that being destitute of means became both melancholy and in a discontented humor massacred themselves another of a merchant learned wise otherwise and discreet but out of a deep apprehension he had of a loss at seas would not be persuaded but as ventidious in the poet he should die a beggar in a word thus much i may conclude of poor men that though they have good parts they cannot show or make use of them abinopia ad vertutum of septa esth via tis hard for a poor man to rise how faculae emergent quorum vertutibus obstat race angusta domae the wisdom of the poor is despised and his words are not heard ecclesiastes six nineteen his works are rejected contempt for the baseness and obscurity of the author though laudable and good in themselves they will not likely take no verses can please men or live long that are written by water drinkers poor men cannot please their actions councils consultations projects are vilified in the world's esteem amitant concilium in ray which natho long since observed sapiens crepidas cibi nuncrum nexolius fecchit a wise man never cobbled shoes as he said of old but how does he prove it i am sure we find it otherwise in our days prognosis horrid facundia panis homer himself must beg if he want means and as by report sometimes he did go from door to door and sing ballads with a company of boys about him this common misery of theirs must needs distract make them discontent and melancholy as ordinarily they are wayward pivish like a weary traveller for farmes et mora be them in nares concuant still murmuring and repining ob in opium morosi sunt quibus est bali as plutarch quotes out of euripides and that comical poet well seconds omnes quibus reis sunt minus secundi nesquio quomodil suspitiosi ad contumeli am omia ad capiunt margis prop tesum impotentiam se credent negligi if they be in adversity they are more suspicious and apt to mistake they think themselves scorned by reason of their misery and therefore many generous spirits in such cases withdraw themselves from all company as that chameleon terence is said to have done when he perceived himself to be forsaken and poor he voluntarily banished himself to stymphalis a base town in Arcadia and there miserably died ad sumum in opium redactus et taquei e conspectu omium abiet grecai in terrum ultimum neither is it without cause for we see men commonly respected according to their means and divestit omnes querent nemo and bonus and vilified if they be in bad clothes full of famine the orator was set to cut wood because he was so homely or tired terentius was placed at the lower end of cacilius's table because of his homely outside dante that famous italian poet by reason his clothes were but mean could not be admitted to sit down at a feast natho scorned his old familiar friend because of his apparel king persius overcame sent a letter to paulus amelius the roman general persius picked consuli s but he scorned him any answer taquei ex probrans fortunam suam salesman author upgrading him with a present fortune koala's prognax that great duke of burgundy made h holland late duke of exeter exiled run after his horse like a lucky and would take no notice of him tears the common fashion of the world so that such men as our poor may justly be discontent melancholy and complain of their present misery and all may pray with soloman give me o lord neither riches nor poverty feed me with food convenient for me end of section 43