 Dear students, in this topic we shall discuss the cognition and problem solving behavior of animals. Cognition is the process of intellect which is represented by awareness, understanding, reasoning, recalling memories and judgments. Cognition is the most complex form of learning. It is practistically exhibited by primates, jinn mein insaan bhi aata hai. Iske ilawa cognition bohot sare other mammals mein bhi pahe rati hai or it is also shown by cephalopods and many insects. Dear students, the problem solving behavior is a cognitive activity in which an animal can devise a method to face any apparent obstacles or problems. This behavior or this capacity depends on the processing of information by the nervous system. The problem solving behavior is highly developed in some mammals including the primates and dolphins. It is also highly developed in some birds mostly belonging to the crow family that is ravens, crows and jays. Aapne thirsty crow wali kahaani jo suni hui hai that actually is a reflection of problem solving behavior of birds. Dear students, animals may also learn to solve problems by observing the behavior of other members of their population. For example, young chimpanzees observe other experienced chimpanzees and only by seeing them they eat palm nuts and they learn how to crack them by using two stones. Another classic example of problem solving is also seen in chimpanzees, ki agar ek chimpanzee ko ek bant kamre mein rakh diya jaye, jis meke bohot sare boxes mojood hoon aur ek banana ko centre mein heng kar diya jaye. Jaha tak chimpanzee direkli nahi pojhsakta, to dekhah yeh jata hai ki chimpanzee un boxes ko utha kar ek dosa ko par rakh ke banana tak pojhne ki slahiyat rakhta hai. That means ki chimpanzee has solved a problem how to reach the available food.