 So, this issuing of charge sheets to 48 of us for protesting is actually just the latest in a long series of bureaucratic assaults on the nature of Jawaharlal University and on the teaching learning process. So, this particular charge sheet is charging us with under civil service rules conduct rules CCS rules which do not apply to universities which does not apply to JNU, JNU has its own statutes JNU was founded independently by an act of parliament. So, JNU has its own status as an autonomous body and it has its own regulations and rules and it has its own disciplinary proceedings and so on. So, it is not clear on what basis the civil service rules are suddenly being talked about and each civil service rules are to be imposed on universities that is the biggest assault on democratic functioning of universities as a whole because civil service rules are meant for government servants. If they make the teaching learning process subject to the control of governments you are in a sense as we say in some of our statements you are making censorship a condition of service you are basically ensuring that spaces that are supposed to promote critical thinking cannot promote critical thinking because you are under the government. So, if you look at the new education policy draft that is circulating one of the key elements of the new education policy draft is that it envisages the prime minister and then the chief minister at the head of the triangle of authority the hierarchy is in that way which means it is completely education is conceived of as completely under the control of the government of the time which any thinking person can see is deeply inimical to education as such if we think that education is something that you will get a job then it is different but if we think about education that education is something that you learn to think, learn to question and put a critical view on everything if education is such a thing then it is that the government can't work like this, the government is responsible for the government and the strategy to make the teachers responsible for the government is precisely to stop thinking. So, we will resist this challenge and we have a lot of, we are not a master of education, I will say this because after a week of this administration, after a week of this science work, after a week of JNU, the kind of attacks that have taken place, then the first political attacks have taken place, anti-national etc. Now, for a couple of years, bureaucratic, which is a phrase, death by a thousand cuts, so bureaucratic technically we are constantly trying to tie us up, so we are very much, we don't feel that how did this happen, we were expecting that this administration is very worried about us and we feel that it is very worried about us and when Amit Shah wins the elections, I won't say that, when Bhajpa took the elections, after that the first statement was about the pieces of the gang, which we believe are the pieces of the gang, they want to do the pieces of India, but we know what was their sign, so if Amit Shah feels that JNU is fighting such elections, then it is good that we are proud of it. Look, CCS rules, I am not saying this and we are not saying that we are not an ordinary government employee, I did not use the word ordinary at all, our meaning is not that we are not ordinary, our meaning is that our work is of a different kind, what we do is not the work of the government, so we should have different rules, CCS rules means that in CCS rules you cannot do anything without the permission of your university, you cannot write anything in public, if you want to write anything then you have to take permission from your employer, i.e. from the university, if you want to say something, you have to take permission for that, what you will say, you have to take permission for that, because CCS rules means that government officials do not have their own opinion, that means it is their job supposedly to fulfill the government policy, so if they have to give their own opinion, they can say it privately, or they have to take permission, or after retiring, they write that book, but our opinion or our work is of a different kind, so if you say that, i.e. there should be different rules for different types of work, so if you say that the teacher is a government servant, then can we also say that the government servant is a teacher, then we also say that because they also have training institutes, among them there are many people who have different teaching learning, so what can be done with the university rules, they are all government servants, so if they want to challenge, then they should challenge, that is why I am not going on that, that what is the work of government servants, but among us there are many people, i.e. more than 50 percent, 70 percent of the university teachers, they could become government servants with the exam, we have selected a different kind of work, and among us there are many people who could stay outside, we wanted to stay in this country, we would work in this country, and we would work in this kind of work, where we cannot apply that kind of gag on us, because we want to be critical on everything, on the government policy, we will have to be critical, anyone can say to the government, I will elect myself, even if it is my choice, I will have to deal with it, there is no government who is free from dealing with it, so CCS rules are meant to prevent government servants from speaking against the government, how can this be a condition of service for teachers, because we have to speak against every government, there has to be a space for a critical voice for every government in a democracy, this is like applying CCS rules on journalists, what is the point of teaching, if you tell us, we do get our salary from the university grants commission, but the university grants commission is funded by taxpayers, so can I make another point here, which I don't know if you can use, it is often said about JNU, that taxpayers' money is spent on students and against the government, but if you look at taxpayers' money, if a boy from Begusaray reaches JNU and can finish his PhD, then what is the better use of taxpayers' money? We know that taxpayers' money is not just income tax, not even indirect taxes, we have a lot of indirect taxes in India, means every ordinary person who buys salt or turmeric, if their children are able to study from their money, then this is the best use of this money. So the way this administration is spending taxpayers' money in legal cases, we are fighting with our money, we are fighting with our pockets, that is what taxpayers' money is wasting in the university, and it is losing every case because it doesn't have a stand, it cannot stand in law, what they are doing is illegal. Not just universities, but universities which draw in students from the most heterogeneous conditions possible, because it should not just be universities of the elite, but universities in which there is very strong affirmative action policies, which JNU had, which are being very badly undermined. In fact, our protest was about a range of issues which included reservations, because reservations are not being implemented, it includes the destruction of our deprivation point system, in which JNU had a lot of students from different conditions. In some classes, 50% of the students were first generation learners. In their whole family, they were the first boys or girls who came to the university. Our community of JNU was like this. The protest was also about this. So, university has a critical space where people from different parts of India come, meet, learn from one another, collide with one another, learn from one another. I believe that in the university space, there is not just one classroom. In the peer group, students learn from one another. Some come from very elite circumstances and some come from very non-elite circumstances. They meet in the classroom, meet and talk. Similarly, people change their thoughts. There are so many students who come from elite spaces and think that reservations are of merit. But after they come, they start to understand their privilege. Conversely, the marginalized community is confident in themselves. The society changes. So, university should remain... I feel university should remain a space where everyone can participate. Education should be free. But we should at least be highly subsidized in our community. And critical thinking is important in that space if we think that the society needs to change. And the society needs to change in the direction of justice. By the way, Hindus also want to change the society. Wherever we were, it was not perfect. But they also want to change the society. But I am saying that people like us should have a common sense of justice. And we want a proper society, social justice, equality, and people to have the full capability to live their lives in the sense of medicine. It is not enough to have freedom. We need material resources and we also need material resources. So, all these things are made and a university becomes a university in the right way. So, private universities are not enough and there are a lot of fees. There are a lot of courses introduced in JNU where there are a lot of high fees. So, if we want the society to have the right sense of justice and to have the right sense of justice, social justice, equality, and if we want to expand the mind of a person and to have the right sense of justice, and to have the right sense of justice, then critical thinking is absolutely necessary. We did not think that JNU is unique. I never thought that JNU is unique. This is my university. I was a student here. I came here to study after many years. I never thought that JNU is unique. Only then did I realize that the second day of the new vice chancellor when the attacks started, I thought that if the society is so worried about the university, we were doing something right. Because until then we were very critical about the institution. I am a teacher here from 2008. I was a student before that. Internal criticism is at the peak of JNU. The way we think about ourselves, think about our institutions, that there is casteism, that there are no reserved post-teachers, that sexual harassment is not taken seriously, that we do not sensitize students. We are so critical about our institution. We never thought that JNU is very special and we are perfect. But despite all this, if the society is so worried, then we started to think about what we are doing right. Until then we kept making mistakes about how we are improving it. I think that we all will believe that the university is worried about the society as a space. Because if you are worried, because if you look at it, after coming here, after becoming the prime minister of Modi, there have been such movements in every university. And they cannot say that they are left, or that they have done prayer, or that they have done insight. That is why I am saying that they come to the university in one way or another and reach a new world where they can raise questions. So you have to take a fee hike about sexual harassment and you name it Rohit Vimla and Hyderabad University. You can see that Banaras, Alabad and Punjab University, I can't even name all of them. In so many universities, students have fought without any fear. So university as a space. JNU I think is seen as a particular threat. They feel that this is a kind of left bastion. So if you look at the faculty, less than 50% can be called left. Less than 50% is actually left. If you look at the scores, it is a mixed bag. So left ideas here why are they so strong that after left union, students union. Students union again and again. I feel that their meaning is very general. Anyone who talks about social justice, who talks about equality, who talks against patriarchy feels that this is all left. And who talks about secularism, who believes that this country is for everyone, not just for Hindus. And what is Hinduism? What is Hinduism? This is a definition of which the entire Hindu society is governed. So we ask such inconvenient questions. We are against Hinduism. We are for secularism. So it is called left. When you see that Babsa did not call you left. And there are many groups who will not call you left. And the most famous JNU people are sitting in the government and the foreign minister. They were both free thinkers. So this is a campus where every kind of thinking is being taken out. The government is so scared that they are taking out 8th place. They are taking out 8th place on paper and wall. In which there are ABVP posters. They are also taking out Mande Mataram posters. Obviously, if they are removing only Hinduism in this country they cannot do it as soon as possible. So why are they removing posters? What does it mean? They are saying it is clean. You can go to the hostel and see. There is no facility in the hostel. If you want to make a clean campus give the facility to the students. Make arrangements for water. No, they will remove posters. This makes the campus clean. So obviously, the thinking of JNU is free. What does freedom mean? What does freedom mean? They are so scared of this word. They think that Kashmiri has gone away. What is freedom? What is freedom from Manuwal? If you listen to the slogan they are scared of freedom. They are scared of free thinking. So they think that they are left they are easily left they are left alone.