 My dear viewer and my dear students, you are all welcome on the live platform of Target Vidaloop. As you are well aware that UPPSC is going to declare the notification of P.L.T. I am Dr. Biswa before you. So, before we discuss something, it is mandatory for us to know about the nature of UPPSC L.T. competition. L.T., which is called Lysentiate Teacher, I will particularly discuss English paper. The paper comprises 150 questions and out of 150 questions, 30 questions are related to G.S. And rest 120 questions are asked from the English subject that comprises language, literature and different writers and their works. As per the question of English test is concerned, that is quite different from those question paper which are prepared by Chayanbhub of Uttar Pradesh. In L.T., the conceptual questions are asked, not a traditional question. So, it is imperative for all of us to conduct a deep study as well as to form concept related to the topic. We will have to develop a concept related to that topic. If we raise a writer, then there should be some depth in his relationship. And that is not a traditional question. It is asked by commission. Because commission sets a standard. The commission wants to judge the depth of competence knowledge. The whole aspect of commission is that the specific knowledge of the students wants to judge the depth. So, the nature of the question is entirely different from that of the chain board. The question paper, whether it is TGT or PGT, if it is framed, then sometimes many of you must have gone through the question paper set by the chain board of Uttar Pradesh. That is largely a traditional one. But my dear friends, the commission asks a conceptual question. So, it is imperative to develop a concept related to any writer. And I am glad to stand before you live. My dear friends, some of my students and those who are taking class with me, they have repeatedly requested me to pick up the topic of kids today. So, today we will talk about kids. Before we go, we will elaborate on matters related to kids. First of all, we should discuss about the writers of Romantic Era. You know that Romantic Era comprises two generations of writers. As for older generation, that comprises three writers, Wordsworth, Qualerich and Sadi. And younger generation also comprises three writers, Shelly, Kates and Byron. If we want to fully understand Kates, then we need to have some comparative information about Wordsworth, about their poetic creed, about Shelly, or if we talk about Robert Scott as a fixnist, then a little about Scott's. So, it can be said that Kates was not only the last perfect poet of Romantic Era. Romantic Era's last generation was not the last, but he is called the most perfect of Romantic Era poets. If we talk about Scott, he was merely a storyteller. And if we talk about Wordsworth, then his aim was to reform poetry and upholding moral philosophy. He assumes himself as a preacher and reformer. His reforming approach comes on the surface when he attached a preface to the second edition of Lyrical Ballet. If we talk about Shelly, he was advocating impossible reforms. He was a dreamer. Shelly was also an artist. He was on tearing down the established convention of this society. And as for Byron is concerned, he was egoist and fully discontented about the political scenario of his time. In most of his work, he talked about himself. In the midst of these people, it was only Kates who worshipped beauty like a devotee. In the midst of these people, Kates had a noble idea that poetry exists for its own sake. Kates had a noble idea that poetry exists for its own self. That poetry is left for its own existence. It suffers when it is devoted to politics or philosophy. If poetry is devoted to vision or politics, it is the death of grace or poetry itself. Kates was right in this respect that politics is related to mind. Philosophy is related to mind, but poetry is the product of emotion which is related to heart. If we talk about politics, if we talk about vision, then these are the sides of the mind. And poetry is born from the heart. The side of emotion is the side of the mind. And if there is politics in the mind, then the mind cannot be depicted as poetry. In fact, the mind dies on its own. So he was constrained to worshiper of beauty. As Wordsworth was worshiper of nature, Kates devoted himself absolutely for the sake of beauty. In Lemia, it is also said that do not all charms fly at mayor touch of cold philosophy. All the attraction of poetry is removed. Whenever there is vision or vision in poetry, then poetry dies on its own. And the matter of heritage is that friends, the lifespan of this last poet of second generation of Romantic era was very short. His life was not more than 25 years, but there is a miracle that within three or four years of his creative period, whatever he produced, whatever he contributed to the English literature that can never be erased, whatever Kates dedicated himself for the sake of English literature in three years, which from 17 to 1870 to 1820, in the creative period of Kates' life, in this era, Kates enriched English literature as much as he could. In the last few years, maybe an English writer, an English dramatist, or a poet or a fictionist had done so much. The miracle then is that Kates contributed a lot, but the maturity that is being displayed by tension at the age of 50, Kates displayed that maturity even when he was 24 years. In the age of 24, Kates introduced himself in his writings and poems. In order to achieve that, tension took 50 years. My friend, the idea is that if Kates lived as long as he had tension or Shakespeare, what would have happened? He might have produced bulk of English literature, but anyway, like Shakespeare, he was self-scanned, self-educated, he was the product of life itself. Or, keep in mind that genius is not the product of any university or college. Any genius, any talented personality who has ever contributed and whosoever endeavored to beautify this world and this life, they were not the product of any university or college. History has lost that anyone who has given any contribution, be it the field of science, be it the field of art or literature, whosoever contributed something prolific and innovative, they were not the product of any university, they were the product of life itself. Be it the field of science, be it the field of art or literature, whosoever contributed something prolific and innovative, rarely they were the product of any university or college. Shakespeare and Kates were the product of the experience of this world. In the world of science, they grew up and grew up. And this is the reason that whatever knowledge they have, that is impossible to find anywhere. And if a little, Kates did not contribute much to Enrich English Literature and this fact can also be established that if other works of Kates are excluded, only his works remain, they will be suffice to give Kates permanent place in English literature. And English scholars are unanimous on this matter. And if only the works of Kates remain, they will be suffice to give Kates permanent place in English literature. My dear friends, we will pick up each and every work of Kates and we will discuss elaborately. But some of the facts I display before you, if you so like, you can note them down. Okay dear, John Kates, he was born on 31st October 1795, a stable of swan and hope inn, which is situated in Moorgate area London. As per his death, he died on 23rd February 1821, Rome, okay, 1821 Rome and he was buried in protestant symmetry Rome. There is epitaph written on his tombstone, here lies one, whose name was written in water. Here lies one, whose name was written in water. And keep in mind that it is very easy to write a life story, but it is very difficult to write a life story of Kates. The more you speak on Kates, the more you will be forced to salute him and his original talent. The sensuousness which you can find while reading his oats is impossible to find anywhere or in any writer in any poet of English literature. That is why Arnold called him, he was utterly sensuous poet and except barring his oats if we read other works of Kates, then we conclude that he was Greek as Shelley said of him, Shelley told him that Kates was essentially Greek. The impression of Greek myth and Greek literature had lasting impression when Carl Scowden handed over a copy of translation of Chapman of Homer, Homer's translation which was translated by Chapman. When he gave a copy and when he got copy of Spencer's fairy queen, then his imagination, his poetic talent which was heathen to dormant, suddenly a fire. The first time when Kates got the translation of Chapman and Homer or when he got the copy of Spencer's fairy queen, then the layers of Greek beauties were revealed before him and whatever he wrote except his oats were infested with or related with Greek myth. That is why Kates wrote more on the Greek myth that is why Shelley told him that Kates was Greek. Now dear, next information we will take. As far as his creative work is concerned, the year 1890, 1890 is called Enos Mirabilis. Enos Mirabilis that is the specific year, Mahatma Pramod Varsya Vesist Shal. 1879 is called Enos Mirabilis of Kates's ancient life. Look, Enos Mirabilis. Dryden has also written a poem but Enos Mirabilis means I specific year which is monumental one which is red letter year day because his immortal oats and most of important poems were written in 1819. In 1899, his immortal oats were written in 1899. And along with that his famous poems were also written in 1899. That is why 1819 is called Enos Mirabilis. Ok dear, now let us talk about his work. After this deliberately, when we will join in the batch, then all the works will be discussed in detail. The important works of his works will be discussed in quotes. And let us see this too. Kates had a novel idea that poetry exists for its own sake. It suffers last by being devoted to philosophy or politics. Like he said in Lemia, which I just mentioned, that do not all charms fly at mere touch of cold philosophy. This is the line of Lemia. Alright dear, now let us talk about the next work. If you want, you can also note it down. Andemia. Dear, if we talk about Andemia, then Andemia is a Greek myth. And it was composed in 1818. It was written in 1818 in 1818. And it runs into four parts. Each part contains 1000 lines. Each part contains 1000 lines. And written in heroic couplet. Heroic couplet. Heroic couplet is used. And also keep in mind that it was dedicated to. Kates had dedicated it. Dedicated to Thomas Chatterton. Kates dedicated Andemia to Thomas Chatterton. If we talk about Andemia, then it was dedicated in 1818. There are four parts in Andemia. And each part contains 1000 lines. It can be said that there are 4000 lines in Andemia. And it is based on Greek myths. Andemia was suffered. It is said that Andemia was suffered. Yes. There are many stories about it. But Kates has written in his Andemia. Andemia was a novel. And Sundartha Kidevi, who is called Selene, suffered G.S. Karstim for eternal sleep. For eternal sleep. Because Andemia once tried to seduce G.S. wife. One story is said that G.S. had cursed Andemia. That she will always be in sleep. The reason was that once Andemia seduced G.S. wife. That means she tried to make a sexual relation. Because of this, G.S. had cursed her. But the goddess of beauty, the goddess of moon. But the goddess of moon, Selene. Which we also call Daina. But the goddess of moon, Selene is named. In Andemia, Daina was attracted to her. She was attracted to him. Every night, every night, she visited the cave where Andemia was asleep. The story of Andemia is that the goddess of moon, Selene. Which is also called Daina. She was very affected by Andemia. And it is said that every night. Wherever Andemia was sleeping, she would come to the cave. And along with that, she would make a relation. And it is also said that the tree of that relation was 15 daughters. And 50 daughters. Then how many daughters were born? 50 daughters. This is its story. Right? So, how much do you remember about Andemia? The year of publication. To home kids dedicated it. And what is the theme of Andemia? Important quotes. Can be discussed later. And if we discuss the work of kids, then we will talk about Iwab Sant Agnes. Iwab Sant Agnes. Iwab Sant Agnes. This is also the story of the kids. And it was published in 1820. 1820. In 1820. And remember that it is the most perfect. It is the most perfect. Most perfect of medieval poetry. If we talk about the medieval poems, then the story is written on it. All the poems are Iwab Sant Agnes. The whole poem of kids. Actually, it is said according to Greek mythology that Sant Agnes was the patron of maidens. The story is said that Sant Agnes was the protector of the princesses. And it is also said that the feast of Sant Agnes, which is celebrated I think on every year 21st January, celebrated the feast of Sant Agnes every year on 21st January. Every year, on 21st January, Sant Agnes, on 20th January, the eve of Sant Agnes falls on 20th January. But the feast is celebrated on next day, that is on 21st January. And the belief is that if any maiden wants to see the picture or the portrait of her to be husband in future, then she had to observe a ritual by lying on her bed in closed closets, on bed with all naked and head upward. And the dream that came during sleep, in that dream, in that dream, in that dream of her to be husband, it became known to her. And she had to observe a ritual by lying on her bed with all naked and head upward. And she had to observe a ritual by lying on her bed with all naked and head upward. This really became known to her. But this is rewritten in the photo. It is written in the photo. Let us go a little further. The whole story is written in the photo of trials and challenges. Kul-42, written in the letter, in the photo of the Kul-42, in the photo of the Kul-42, in the photo of Teghney. In this stanza, it is written, and used Spenserian Stanza. Used Spenserian Stanza. You will know about this Spenserian Stanza, about its rhyme, its scheme. It is written, A B A B A B A B A B B C A B C And the last line which is written is C in the Alexandrine. You can multiply this by the number of lines in the line. So, do 42 x 9. There will be errors. It is not necessary. It is so suffice that in how many Spenders the Eve of St. Agnes run. The answer is 42 stanza. And which rhyme scheme? Kits had employed in this poem. Spenserian line, Spenserian Stanza. The rhyme scheme is A B A B B C B C and C. The story is that there are three characters in Eve of St. Agnes. And the story is of two Premies. One is Madeleine. Madeleine is badly in love with Porfiru. Porfiru is a novel. Madeleine is in love with Porfiru. They are lovers. They are Premies. But they are family. But their families are at bitter animities. They are at bitter animities. But they are enemies in both the families. In the families of Madeleine and Porfiru there is a terrible enemy. And one day Eve of St. Agnes when Madeleine was performing the rituals as was told according to the myth of St. Agnes Porfiru pursues Angela. Made to Madeleine and enters the chamber of Madeleine. He confines himself. He confines himself in a closet. At midnight, Madeleine wakes up to her surprise. She looks Porfiru in concrete form and both lovers run away. And both lovers run away to live together forever. To live together forever. Angela was punished. Angela was punished to death. The story is that Eve of St. Agnes if a girl wants to get a husband who is in her future she has to perform some rituals which I have just mentioned. And Porfiru finds out that Madeleine is also going to observe this ritual. He instantly approaches Angela who was made to Porfiru, Madeleine. Madeleine has a servant whose name is Angela. Angela also takes her place and quietly in the chamber of Madeleine goes and closes herself in a closet in a big cupboard. And at midnight she comes out of the closet. Madeleine is surprised that the dream came true and then both Madeleine and Porfiru both run away. But this king finds out the family of Madeleine that Angela had helped them to escape. She is punished. My dear friends, today and in next lecture we will finish about Kate's Ode and Important Lines. As far as ELT syllabus related to Kate's is concerned two poems are prescribed by the UPPSC and that is Label, Deem, Sense, Merch and Ode to Grace Ode on Gracie and Orne in Dono Ki Charcha which we will discuss in next session. Thank you very much and thank you so much. God bless you.