 All right, once again, good morning, everyone, and thank you to the past two speakers. Again, remember, we all work as a team. So just contact us for any information and please stay in touch with your regional extension agent. They are their local and easy to get. So just I'm going to finish out talking about the best monitoring program that we do statewide. Again, my name is Ayanava Majumdar, doctorate from Auburn University. And again, this all this effort are supported by numerous funding agencies. And we are very thankful to them. So we always talk about these caterpillars that become very high in population around this time. And with the increasing heat, they will build up fast rain and low temperatures, slow them down. Some may get washed off, but these army worms will continue to continue to flourish throughout the state. And these army worms that you can see on the top, those are the four most common species that we find, they continue to move across the state with storms. The recent bad weather we have, they all contribute to the spread of these insects. And these army worms, they lay eggs in bunches. So that's something to remember. And then the the inside the bottom are the insects that are again, polyphagous species, they feed on multiple different crops. And they delay eggs singly. So and the cornea worm really gets bad on our crops. These are insects, the borers that we find on squash. For example, the the pickle worms, if you're planting late, typically you find a lot of pickle worms on the crop. And then of course, the squash vine borers that begin flight around February or March, and one to two generations in Alabama. And they continue to, the larvae continues to live inside all the time, and then almost never come out. But you can see the the frass, the excreta come out. And then melon worms are the ones that are kind of rising in Alabama. We've seen more and more of melon worms in the several last few years. And these worms, the caterpillars have the two lines on the on the top, if they're easy to identify, they also web the leaves. So none of the others show webbing on the leaves or on the fruit. So you can see some of the webbing when you have an infestation. So melon worms are fairly easy. Again, the best thing to do is to plant early and get the crop out early. Just quickly talking about the insect, monitoring some of the numbers. And again, we do this as a team with regional extension agents and specialists cooperating. And we use the sticky wing traps to monitor insects. And these are total numbers. So you can see the total numbers of beet armyworm on the left of your screen. And then there are, then you can see the averages that's per location per trap, just to give you an idea of the of the population. And these are the two species side by side. So beet armyworm and fall armyworm. Again, fall armyworm, they'll continue to increase very rapidly. Beet armyworm usually is the first insect we see that increases pretty rapidly, then slows down. And then the fall armyworm takes over as they move on from grasses and starts to infest specialty crops more and more. And those bubbles that you see on the maps show you the intensity, the best pressures for these insects and this slight variation. Typically what will happen over the season is the, as we add more and more locations, the hotspots are more in the southern Alabama compared to the, to the north. And typically these insects will be carried with the strong storms and other weather systems. So watch out. This is the southern armyworms and yellow striped armyworms. Again, you can see the caterpillars, how they look. These have those triangles on the, on the top. The caterpillars are fairly distinct, especially when they're older. And southern armyworm continues to be a pretty intense good flight. A lot of southern armyworms in the crops, typically on the seatime, you'll find the larvae in the caterpillars and in bunches on crops. And you can see the hotspots are all over the state. So they are rising rapidly. Here's the fruitworms and the tobacco budworms. Typically the fruitworms are corn earworm, depends on what crop you're talking about. These, we have pretty high pressure this year. And just to show you some of the numbers to compare them. And again, they are increasing widely. They will feed on multiple crops. And the budworm typically feeds on row crops. We see them more on row crops. Here's cabbage looper. Cabbage loopers, again, they typically start to increase towards the mid to late season. And these cabbage loopers, as you can tell, these are in very high numbers, which means that right as you start to transit to your winter crops or fall crops, you'll see cabbage loopers, especially on the brassicas. So there's pretty high numbers this year. So they continue to be a major pest on our fall crops, but they will feed on some of the summer crops as well. And they have pretty several generations. These are some species that are drought indicators, especially the lesser-called stalk borer. It's a major pest of peanuts, soybeans, and some other crops. I like to put it in the monitoring system so I can see the drought, especially dry soil. If you have very dry soil, these lesser-called stalk borers will rise. And it is a major pest on many row crops. And the squash vine borer, of course, we typically see flights started on March, and they complete about two generations, one to two generations, depending on where you are in Alabama. And the best way to counter some of these insects is to keep your plants healthy. That's very critical. Any stress will be a calling card for these insects. So just to kind of summarize, these are the monthly moth catches. And I have put a little triangle, a caution sign. So watch out for fall and southern army worms. We're seeing a pretty heavy flight of tomato fruit worms right now. Cabbage loopers are rising again very fast. One of the highest averages we see of these species and the lesser-called stalk borer, which indicates drought. So there are patches, even with all the rain, there is a lot of these dry areas where you may see more lesser-called stalk borer. And then watch out for squash wine borers. And I have some general trends mentioned there. I'll just mention the last two points on the slide, you know, that the pest activity increases with drought and damage increases with stress. You got to remember that and scout your crops closely as the summer progresses. Don't just depends on these scouting tools. These traps are great, but they don't tell you what's in the crops. So you still have to look in the crops. There's no shortcut to scouting. Again, this is just a slide to show you that the flash drought, as you see on the right of your screen, that was from 2019. We had a very sudden drought for about three weeks to a month. And that was very stressful. And I almost lost 70% of my tomatoes that year. And it was very difficult to control with the heat. And just to close out, remember there are other insect species like these aphids that you may see. Again, when it's too hot, it may slow down their breeding. They're essentially cloning themselves. But you should see the heat also slows down the predators. So just kind of watch out for these insects. The potato aphid, which comes into different colors, that's very common on tomatoes. And those copy aphids are one of the largest aphids I've seen. And those are on peas, beans, plenty. And if you see those aphid mummies, these are beneficial. These are affected by beneficial wasps. So if you see a lot of mummies, that means nature is doing its job and giving you some control. So we need to conserve these natural enemies. And then of course, sting bug species. And I have left the immature species, the immature stage along with the adults here just to show you. And these are the most common species. And again, leaflet bugs are the ones that are most common. We see them all the time in large numbers in backyards. And also in my commercial, in my large fields. For control, we have the vegetable crop handbook, which is updated annually. We have also updated the slide charts. So we also have updated the organic vegetable slide chart and the IPM toolkit. And you can get these from an extension event near you or email and we try to mail them out as fast as you can. And then of course, the Farming Basics phone app has all the link that are needed and that are available to farmers. We have also linked the chill hours for peaches, enterprise budgets. The online Farming Basics online course is linked there. So a lot of new things are added in tools. The podcast, Farming Basics podcast is available on social, under social within the app. And you can connect directly to the extension agent with using the app. So lots of different features that make it convenient.