 Hello, I welcome you all once again to my channel explore education. I am Dr. Rashmi Singh assistant professor department of education Is this hanna girls to be college University of Allahabad and today I am going to discuss with you all a very important topic of sociology and educational sociology that is social stratification Samajic story Karan and the lecture will be in bilingual mode and must be useful for your general awareness as well as for your examination purposes So let's start first of all social stratification Society and educational sociology have a very important topic. The question is asked to you by the objective subjective And apart from that, we are social beings, so we should know this. So it is a very easy topic, but the first time It is difficult for those who are studying, so you know what it is Samajic story Karan It is understood from the name that there is a strata in the society, okay We have to know what is the basis of it. The study of social stratification involves many issues That is, the social story Karan has a lot of issues Theoretical as well as the ones related to the social structure of the society and Distribution of social justice power and privileges The arrangement of society in hierarchies What is the basis of these hierarchies and the positions of these hierarchies They command, they order who has unequal amounts of property Power, prestige and honor That is, the wealth, the power, the prestige, your respect The unequal amount of it, that is, we do not have any stuff in the world We do not have any money, any power, any respect This is the distribution of property, power, prestige and honor in the unequal amount The set of hierarchies is the same as the samadhi Sorokin describing the deep roots of stratification in human society are used Unstratified society with real equality of its members is a myth Which has never been realized in the history of mankind Sorokin has become a great social scientist He said that your stratification, its roots are very deep It is a very deep path, it is not that today's society is like this Unstratified society, that is, a society where there is no such society And all the members are exactly equal in each other This is a myth and this can never happen And in the history of mankind, that is, in human history, this has never happened That is, there has always been such a society Okay, this means that there is no one above, no one below It is a hierarchy, you cannot set it up according to yourself The society will be the same wherever it is And we know that the evolution of society has never become smooth They are saying that how did this happen, how did the society become like this That when the development of the society was happening So how was it happening, peacefully, from the brotherhood? No, it was being fought somewhere, it was being divided somewhere It was being divided somewhere So when the society was being developed, it was never smooth I mean, it was never completely smooth It has always been divided, there have been debates There have been fights, there have been arguments So what happened in this? It involves both resistance and conflict So the evolution of society has always been against it, it has been against it It did not work smoothly Then such a process also at times may involve racial differences Cultural dissimilarities and other differences Ultimately resulting in the formation of the structure of inequalities Based on rank, privileges, and power of the group consult I mean, the opposition that is going on We have seen many times that what involves racial differences Race, our race is different, yours is different Race does not mean that you are not running Racial differences, caste which is within you Which is cultural dissimilarities Our culture believes in this, it does not believe in you It believes in Sanskrit And other differences, that is, other differences Ultimately resulting, it ultimately formed a society Which was in inequalities, it was in a bad time Based on whose rank, who is below, who is above, who is below Who has more power, who has less power, who has more power, who has less power In this way, the social stratification has been generated in the creme of the society Kingsley Davis is also a sociologist How do they define that social stratification is an unconsciously evolved device That is, someone has done it unconsciously It has happened Evolved device by which societies ensure that the most positions are Consentiously filled by the most qualified persons See, the society is being developed, the society is being developed So, what does the society want? That the main position, the leader, the most important person That is the most powerful, only then will he be able to see the whole society He will be able to give guidance, he will be able to handle it So, the society always wants that the most positions, the good positions The high positions are given to the right person Now, any right person can have a definition of race-wise, culture-wise Body, resource, voice, voice, whatever it is, but it should be good So, what happened is that the most positions were given to qualified persons So, they themselves have become a different class The ruling class and the ones they are ruling, they have become subordinate It is therefore also assumed that every society must possess a certain amount of institutionalised social stratification That is, you can also assume that every society has made a certain amount of institutionalised social stratification Why? Because we ourselves are good people Now, you can understand the definition of good, what is going on inside If they are given a higher position, then the lower one, who did not get that position He became his own self, who got that position, he became a higher one So, this is a kind of social stratification, social stratification That is, the society as an institution has made it this way And the rest is unconsciously And what is social stratification? It is a process through which groups and social categories in societies are ranked as higher or lower than one another in terms of their relative position on the scales of prestige, privilege, wealth and power Social stratification has been defined by Anthony Giddens The systems of stratification identified all over the world are slavery, caste, states and class So, this is the same thing that is common in every society Slavery, caste, class You know that the old societies used to have a caste, there was a master, a slave And he had no authority, and he was very ashamed So, the master was class, caste, class So, to read it, we have caste, state and class What is state? Is it called a real state? So, this is like a wake, or a government or a country or a country So you can say that these are the main dimensions of the stratification, and the concept of social mobility often implies that social mobility, that is the ability to move between social groups, is limited. This means that social mobility implies that there should be no conflict between these different social groups. This means that there should be no conflict between the caste. This cannot be the case that the caste on the top of the school will go away. This means that the caste on the top of the school will go away. So this is the calculation. And another definition is that Max Weber has said that this stratification is the division of a society into distinct communities which have varying assignments of status, honour and prestige. This means that this stratification is the division of a society into distinct communities which have varying assignments of honour and prestige. Now let's talk about the elements of social mobility. So there are two main elements of this stratification. Status and role. There is a different status in the society, and according to the status that we perform, we have a role. For example, what is the role? Dynamic aspect of status. For example, what is the role? Dynamic aspect of status. This means that we have a status. We have a priest. We have a priest. We have a priest. This is our status. So according to that, what is our role? That we will perform puja, that our acharan should be good, that we will take the right decision. So the dynamic aspect of status is role. So social status will be the total of all the statuses he occupies. That means that there is a priest, a husband, a father. So in this way, our social status is combined with our status. In other words, it is an individual's overall position about total society. Status is associated with rights and duties. And our status is associated with our rights and duties. But what is the role? It is described as when an individual expresses himself through the rights and duties assigned to his status. That means that according to his status, what is shown and what is his duties, when he expresses himself, when he performs, that is his role. And the combination of status and role becomes models for organizing the attitude and behavior of the individual toward other individuals. That means that according to our status, what we are doing as a role is the work of the model of the other individuals. Dimensions. So first of all, we will talk about three dimensions. Cast, state and social class. In which the caste is peculiar to the Indian society. That is, India goes in this way in the society. There are different places, but not in this way like India. And there are fewer places. But there is no universal caste system in every place. And social class is universal. You can go to any society, you will get social work. And the state that system existed in Europe, we will just read it like this to know. Now let's see. What is the meaning of caste as a form of social stratification? Caste is primarily confined to Indian society. The main purpose is to take it from the society. Understanding caste as a form of social stratification is highly complex. And it is also very subtle to understand it. Because caste, caste system also goes up. And there are many types of things. As there are variations in its description. Because we get different types of things in its context. Like somewhere we get a word, somewhere we get caste. And caste acts as a system of stratification because of three things. Three things that make caste a reason for social study. What is the hierarchical ordering of the society? For example, if a Brahmin caste goes up, he will get it in a higher place in the society. But it can be that he has less wealth than Shudra. But in hierarchy, caste works here. Your power and prestige and your wealth won't work here. Then the second point is differential evaluation of individuals and groups. A lot of the social and individual groups have done that in a different way. And differential reward. According to caste, hierarchy is different. According to caste, evaluations are different. And everyone's reward is different. So, there are three implications of the system. So, we can get three interpretations of it. What is it? Highlighted by Bearer Nen. Bearer Nen implied to us that a caste system occurs where a society is made up of birth-escribed status. Look, this is the most important thing. From birth, we have got caste. We haven't done any extra efforts for it. We haven't acquired it from the society. From birth, it will be established that your society is made up of birth-escribed status. And hierarchically ordered and culturally distinct. Your hierarchy is your order set. You are distinguished from your birth and your sanskritic group. It is the hierarchy. It is the hierarchy. It is stepwise. It is a form of birth that entails and specifies differentiation, rewards, and association. According to you, what is the difference between the two? Who will get the reward? With whom is our relationship? So it is the birth-escribed membership. That is, from birth, we are like any caste. And this is not our individual attribute. This is not our personal rule. This is not our personal property. This is the most important thing in a caste. From birth, you will know when these things have happened in the society. But they are still there. And before that, it was too much. I would like to stop here and tell you that you should pay attention that it is written in all religions that all people are equal. Now, according to the constitution, all religions govern the country. It is written everywhere that all are equal before society, before constitution, before state. Despite this, the society is an educated woman. And this state is to be taken from Europe. In the encyclopedia, state refers to those groups that have legal existence or groups that are organized in some way and have some sort of political representation. It should be a legal form. You should have some kind of political representation. State also represents classes. It is said that the state represents the class. A social stratum to which we are attached, specific rights and duties sustained by the force of legal sanction. This is the kind of society in which you have some special rights, some specialities and it is legal. It is legal form. So, since it is of Europe, you just need to know that the three states could be thought of as reprinting a hierarchy. TB Bottommore has mentioned three important characteristics of the feudal states of medieval Europe during this fall. He said, legal basis of state. The legal basis of state should be based on the law of law. States representing the division of labour should be in this. Who will do what? And states as political people. The state, the state, the state is a kind of political evidence. Okay. So, this is the way of the society. The one who has more states will be the upper class. The one who has less will be the lower class. Right? As a form of social stratification. Karl Marx has talked to us about the fact that economic, that is, the basis of wealth, that is, the basis of wealth, that is, the basis of wealth, the basis of wealth, that of est جنوين المس tender. Whom has more money it is the higher class has just less. It will be lower. Generally the social class is economic based, that is, it is protested on wealth. So, he said that social class in Marx's terms is not defining the member's function in consumption but by my relation it deals with the mode of production. Okay? A person who has more production has got more money and your ruling class has I mean So, Max Weber argued that having property and lack of property are very significant in explaining class and social stratification as these two are the basic basis and character of all class situations. He is saying that you have money and not money. This is the most prominent thing that makes Samanji a work. Associativity property unambiguously is economic interest, that is, it is a matter of property. These two factors are important in the emergence of class stratification in society. This is not a birth ascribed. If you go anywhere and have more money, you will go a little higher than the Samanji group. Why? Because you have money. And now mainly this is what you are doing. Cast, as you can say, class, whatever you are, you are a big celebrity. No one knows what cast you are from. Karunapati, Arapati are his corona fans. So, these two factors are important in the emergence of class stratification in society. To sum up the class system as a form of social stratification is both a social and historical phenomena having its traces and history and space. So, we can say that a word is the basis of Samanjik Stari Karan. So, this is a Samanjik and this is a historical incident. And we get it in the history of Samanji. So, what does Samanjik Stari Karan mean? Despite the fact that all the religions have said that everything is the same. Despite this, all the religions are in the same form. Sometimes, we make the same way by knowingly. Because we want the most qualified person to sit at the highest positions. Still, Samanjik Stari Karan is why? Because the society is divided in hierarchy based on the class, based on the caste, based on gender, based on wealth, based on power, based on prestige, based on all these distinctions. So, the caste, state, and class, you can write slavery, you can write gender, but these three were important to explain to you. So, caste, which is a birth-escribed status, we got it from birth, we got it from high-ranking caste, we will stay there, it will stay with us in any form. Now, it is decreasing gradually, but we still have to accept it. Then, your state, which is the speciality of Medieval Europe, caste is the speciality of India, and class is all over the world. It is social, universal, there are classes everywhere. There is a ruling class, there is a servant class, there is an upper class, there is a middle class, there is a class, and the basis of division is mainly economic, with property and without property. So, that is all about social stratification, and I have completed an important topic with you all, that is social stratification. So, thank you and don't forget to like and subscribe to my channel. It is called education. I have done it from my side.