 Good morning and welcome to this week's edition of Encompass Live. I am your host, Krista Porter, here at the Nebraska Library Commission. Encompass Live is the commission's weekly webinar series where we cover a variety of topics of interest to libraries. The show is broadcast live every Wednesday morning at 10 a.m. central time, but if you are unable to join us on Wednesdays, that's okay. We do record the show every week and it is posted to our archives for you to watch at your convenience. And I'll show you at the end of today's show where you can see all of our archives and access them. Encompass Live, both the live show and the archives are free and open to anyone to watch. So please do share with your friends, family, neighbors, colleagues, anyone who you think may be interested in any of the topics that we have on the show once we have coming up or anything in our archives. We do a mixture of things here on Encompass Live, book reviews, interviews, products, demonstrations, many training sessions. Basically anything and everything and that has to do with libraries. Really our only criteria for something to be on the show is that it is something library related. And we are the Nebraska Library Commission is the state agency for all libraries in the state of Nebraska. So we support every type of library too. So you will see things on our show that are for public libraries, academic, K-12, special museum, correctional facilities, anything and we're all across the board there. We do sometimes do have a Nebraska Library Commission staff on the on the show doing sessions about things that are products or things that we're promoting here through the state library agency. But we also bring on guest speakers sometimes and that's what we have this morning on the line with us from just a little west of here. I'm here in Lincoln, Nebraska for anyone who knows the state west of us from Carney is Judy Henning. Good morning, Judy. Good morning. Great to be with you today, Krista. I'm going to be talking about fake news and kind of an exciting topic right now, especially for school librarians. Very, very timely, definitely. So, yeah, she's a assistant professor at the in the library school program, the graduate program through the University of Nebraska at Carney. So professor there and teaching our upcoming new new librarians getting them on board to our profession. Yeah, so I will hand over to you to take it away and tell us everything we need to do about identifying all this fake news out there. All right. Thank you so much, Krista. I look, I am so excited to be with you today and talk a little bit about strategies for identifying fake news. This is just really a popular topic. I did this in the fall of 2017 at our Nebraska library conference on Nebraska school librarians conference, which was in Carney. And since then, I think I have done it eight times. This might be the ninth time that I presented. I've added to it and changed some things. So there there is if you if you've already attended one of my sessions, there will be some new information. It's really kind of an exciting topic, especially if you are in the field of library. So I'm going to get rid of myself here and we're just going to look at my my slides. I am you probably know know me as the Carney Public Schools director of the school library media program. I retired from that position last spring and now am an associate assistant. Actually, I said associate. I'm assistant professor at this University of Nebraska Carney and the school library program. So, oops, why am I not able to go? Okay, please know my presentation is linked up here. If you want to look at it, I put it on. You may have to open it in PowerPoint, but I have linked it up there. If there's trouble with that link, let me know and I will relink it. I put it on the UNK cloud. So I just want to give you some background information about myself. As a undergraduate, I was a journalism major and I thought as a journalism major, I would be able to write anything unbiased that I could that it would be easy for me to be an objective reporter. And I don't know if it was just me being young and stupid or if back in the day, writing objectively was a major focus of reputable journalists out there. We were all supposed to be watchdogs of democracy for the government. And this was especially true because of Watergate and it kind of romanticized the journalism field. So anyway, it is kind of interesting that many, many years later, I go to work on my dissertation on project-based learning. And of course, I'm pro-project-based learning. I think that's a great learning strategy. And that bias definitely came through in some of the original drafts of my dissertation. I was unable to write objectively. It's very difficult to not let your personal biases enter into your writing. So I just wanted to kind of start off the session with that and let you know that it is difficult to be objective. Okay. So, you know, the big thing in education right now is being future-ready or being future students are career and college-ready when they leave high school. So what do we need to do as future-ready librarians? What do we need to change? Really not a lot. We just need to make learning relevant to real life. And we need to beef up our information literacy curriculum to include instruction about bias and fake news. We need to make sure our students are critical thinkers and good consumers of information. We need to make sure that they understand how fake news works and make sure they understand political bias, which we all have. Okay. We know the supermarket tabloids pay their sources. And most of the time it's just stuff that's not true. I have never in my time as a high school librarian had a student come up to me and want to use the National Enquirer or the Weekly World News, whatever those tabloid newspapers are that you get at the supermarket. Never wanted to use those for a source. They realize that those are not credible sources for their research. Unfortunately, when you take that information and you put it on the Internet, it's not quite so easy to identify. So we do need to make sure that they understand what is just gossip and hoax and things out there that they need to make sure that they're not believing as true or fact. So just like I said, online supermarket tabloids, we need to make sure that they can identify the online versions of these. Okay. What is fake news defined as fictitious articles deliberately fabricated to deceive readers generally with the goal of profiting through clickbait? Now, we're going to talk about clickbait in a moment. But fake news, it has an alternative motive. Okay. Just so you know that there is a small town in Macedonia, the Lees, that just has a population of 44,000. And some of the smart youngsters who work there and can speak and write fluent English, they make up a lot of news stories that's fake news and sells them to different people in the United States. They're just good fiction writers. There might be a little nugget of truth that might be there and their pros at making sure those websites get their fake news or they sell it to them. It's interesting because this is a small town of people who are very, very poor. But if you're a youngster who can speak and write English fluently, you can make a salary that is more than most people in that community. So this Macedonia site is the source of a lot of fake news right now. Okay. So yesterday when I was on the internet, I noticed some things, if it goes against everything you've ever read or heard, it's probably not true. And I knew this was probably clickbait and I knew this was probably a fake news website. But I really wanted to kind of go in there as someone who didn't know what they were doing. And I said, oh my gosh, the Nazis bury the true cure for cancer. Cheese, there is a cure for cancer and the Nazis had it all along. And then they throw in this warning, controversial content. Well, that makes you want to get into it all the more. And then down at the bottom, it has this secrets of underground medicine. So after about 40 minutes of clicking through this tedious long thing that is not telling me anything about cancer, it's giving me a cure for diabetes, obesity, infections and dementia. But it doesn't say anything about cancer. In addition, it tells me how I can reduce the cost of prescriptions and the cost of hospitalizations and avoid unnecessary surgeries. But I still haven't found the cure for cancer. That was just a ploy to get me to get in here to click through the slideshow. So it's clickbait. That was an example of clickbait. And I'm sure most of you have done this. You see on the internet, you see where it says, you know, see what this bombshell actress in the 1930s looks like, or in the 1960s looks like now. And you want to see what she looks like when she's old and gray. And so, you know, they have you click through this and it entices the visitor to continue reading the article and they get more clicks. And so they get more payments for what they have on the internet. That is clickbait. Okay, here is an adorable little girl who will melt your heart. Let's see. My name is Jessica. I'm eight years old. I'm from Sarasota, Florida, and I'm nothing more than a ploy to get you to watch an internet video. I know you clicked on this video because you're bored and very easily distracted from the things you actually need to get done today. I mean, who can blame you? That's exactly what this video is praying on. The fact is, the people who posted this video would stop at nothing to get you to click on this link so it would increase the website's page views and make the advertisers happy. Let's look at the big picture for a second. If even 100 people share this video on Facebook, the website is automatically guaranteed thousands of more page views, which in turn means thousands of more dollars in ad revenue. I don't want anyone spend time writing up an 800-word article when they could just put up a video of a cute little girl who would make a slideshow of the 10 cute and tiny badger couples. By the way, every time you click through a full slideshow, those are a separate page view. Do you have any idea how many page views a single slideshow gets? Let me tell you, it's a ton. I want you to say something adorable because, well, you're lonely and you really just need something to feel the emptiness you're feeling deep down inside. Just remember, no matter how many videos you watch or how many lists you read, you're still going to feel all alone. I guess that's just the way it is. There. Hopefully that's cute enough to satisfy the all-consuming vacuum of your soul for a little while. Bye-bye. That was awesome. Oops. Sorry. Okay, here we go. Where are we at here? Where's my slide presentation? You might have to open it up again or there it is. No, that's okay. Yeah, there it is. Okay, here we go. So that was just a little girl that illustrated. The internet is trying to get you to do things so that you click on a bunch of things that will make the internet look or make it look like you viewed those pages and they will get more ad revenue. So that's clickbait. That's an important concept to understand. Now, I'm talking now more from a school librarian's point of view. It's very important that we beef up our information literacy. We have to make our students to be good consumers of information. And are there lots of strategies for that? Yes, there are. There are a lot. If any of you have been to Kathy Shrock's lessons, I have a link up there. You can go. She has some great, great lessons that you can actually use. She shares all that information with you. I've also got the five W's that you can teach your students. And I think that's appropriate for elementary students. You have the acronym Cards, which we're going to look at and the big six. So we have, you know, I think you need to decide what you're going to use. Now, if you've not used this hydrogen monoxide example, it is a great one. It's been out there forever and a lot of people have used it. And so some of your kids are going to already know it. But this is a great one to send kids to say, OK, let's go look at the hydrogen monoxide. We're going to go to this website and you see it's got this sunflower and it's red, white and blue, all American. Looks like it's got some good information. And before I have them go there, I say, now I want you to know that everything on this page is absolutely true. And the kids go to the page and I have them look at it for a while. And I say, OK, what are they saying about the hydrogen monoxide? And they say to me, oh, Mrs. Henning, it causes people to die if you inhale it. And I said, yeah, that's true. And remember, I said everything on here is true and it can cause skin, it can cause metals to corrode and it can cause all kinds of terrible things. Well, what this is, the hydrogen monoxide is the scientific name for water. And what this website was put up for is students were trying to, a scientific experiment to determine how gullible people could be. They were in an IB school and they were doing a science fair and they wanted to win the science fair. So they were trying to trick you into outlawing the hydrogen monoxide. Well, obviously we can't live without water. So there is an excellent example of how you can have something on the internet that's not true because they wanted to see how gullible you would be. OK, so if you use that, fine, it's a great one. If you don't add it to your repertoire. Here's a video on the 5Ws of information literacy. I'm not going to go through this. This is an opportunity for you. You can use it if you would like. Who, what, where, when, and why are the 5Ws? Then we have the acronym CARDS, which is evaluating sources, credibility, accuracy, reliability, date, and source, which is also a good one. And then we have CARPS. I always kind of worried about this because I thought maybe they'd reverse the R and the P and then you'd be talking about crap. But this is another acronym that people use. And the next one, oh, here's another website that you might want to incorporate in your teaching all about explorers. This is a website. We're not going to go there, but it was created for librarians to use when teaching information literacy because the information about the authors is dubious. It doesn't really say anything. And as a critical thinker, you should go through there and say, well, I don't know if I'm going to really believe the information that's in this, on this website about explorers. So another source that you can use if you are teaching information literacy. But this is the acronym, C-R-A-A-P, that the Nebraska Department of Education wants secondary school librarians to use. I'm always really kind of worried about this one. I didn't like my kids come into my class and I would teach them about currency, relevance, authority, accuracy, and purpose. And the acronym was crap and the kids would go home and say, the parents would say, would you learn at school? Well, Mrs. Henning told us about crap today. So this wasn't my favorite one, but this is the one that is referenced in the standards, the English language arts multiple literacy standards by the Nebraska Department of Education. So this is one you might want to really look at. Okay, we also need to make our students aware of the URLs, the .coms, that's commercial, .edu, educational institutions, government agencies, .gov, a military organization, .MIL, and the nets, and the .orgs. Now I always preface this though with the fact that, you know, Carney High is karnicats.com. Years and years ago, when I was with the person that purchased this domain, it gave us the opportunity to put any dot that we wanted. So the science teacher said, oh, everybody's a .com, we're going to be a .com. So that's why we're karnicats.com. So I don't know if people really check this out. The dihydrogen monoxide website that I talked about earlier, that's a .org site. So, you know, make sure that they understand that that's just one of the criteria that they can look at to determine where the information is coming from and to help them evaluate it. Okay, the .gov website. I used to say it's an official, it's an authoritative site. But then it has been AS, AASL has come out and said it's probably not. It is an official, you should say it's official, not so much a reliable site. Because it is representing, it is representing whoever is in office, their political views. So they have talked to us about making sure maybe we don't, you know, we make the viewer understand the prejudice there. Google search versus subscription databases. This is so, so important. Make sure your students understand the playing field and most of the time they don't. The Nebraska Library Commission, Nebraska Access databases. I make sure that my students understand that the information that they get from there is probably very reliable. And why? Because, well, the Nebraska Library Commission, they're not going to continue to subscribe to it if it has information that's not true. So if you do a Google search, however, and just go out on the Internet, then you have to be very careful. So I like to make sure that my students understand the difference between the two. I had databases at Carney High School that I would tout and want my students to use. But a lot of times they wanted to just do their Google search because that's what they were used to. And there are times when a Google search is appropriate. You know, I need a new part from my washing machine to fix it. Or I want to know how to fix something that's broke. You know, those are legitimate Google searches. But when you're doing research, you should probably rely on the subscription databases. Now, I kind of have to say that Google Scholar is an exception to this rule. However, I'm so disappointed in Google Scholar. I get to Google Scholar and I get the perfect information. The information that I just love that I want to use. And I'll be darned if I have to pay for it. So I kind of stay away from Google Scholar every once in a while, but make sure that your students understand the playing field so that they can be good consumers of information. Okay, I think we all think the President Trump invented the term fake news. Right? Well, this is a picture or a cartoon caricature from editorial cartoonist Frederick Burr-Opper. And it was published in 1894. Okay? Fake news is nothing new. Back at that time, there were several major newspapers in New York City that were vying for subscriptions. So most newspapers were sold on the corner and people would walk by and they'd see this big headline and they'd think, oh, well, I want to read about that. So they would buy it, buy the paper for a penny, and they'd get home and the headline was just fake. It didn't talk at all. It just liked my cure for cancer. It didn't talk at all about what was in the headline. So yellow journalism is U.S. term for a type of journalism that presents little or no legitimate well-researched news. And instead uses eye-catching headlines to sell more newspapers. This started in the mid-1800s in the United States. Okay? We also have propaganda. Now, propaganda has a negative connotation and probably the reason why is the pro, the person who took propaganda to all, to new heights was Adolf Hitler during World War II. Now, don't get me wrong. The United States used all kinds of propaganda tactics to get people to promote the war effort. But propaganda's got its negative connotation because Adolf Hitler used it to, they were having a depression in Germany at the time and he was blaming it on the Jews. And so this was his way of becoming a leader in the German government. And he's known for that propaganda. So fake news is just kind of propaganda. Okay? As journalists, we should protect democracy. What happened to the press being watched out for democracy? Well, you know, the word press or journalist is pretty hard to identify anymore. I can work for the New York Times and make a six-figure salary and write legitimate articles. Or I can have a computer and go out and blog information and, you know, which one is credible? You don't know where it's coming from. So I think journalists are still trying to be watchdogs for democracy, but sometimes I do think that their political bias gets in the way. Okay? Talk more about watchdog making affairs, transparent. It does not monitor government, but applies to all powerful institutions in society. So that's what journalists are supposed to do. Now, this next video we're going to watch is very relevant to what we're anticipating is going to happen here now. This took place when the Muslims were leaving the Middle East and coming into Europe. Sweden said, okay, we'll let you come in. A lot of the other countries would not allow them to stay there. Now, you have to understand, when there's a lot of people that come into your country that you're not expecting, you know, the facilities aren't available for them and it will kind of make a mess. That happened in the United States when we had Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans. People were taken out of New Orleans because of the Katrina. They went to Texas and the Astrodome and those people lived there for quite a while and practically destroyed the Astrodome. In fact, they had to demolish it eventually. So displaced people are going to cause a lot of uproar. Okay, let's look at this with the Muslims over in Sweden and see what happens. Oops. Okay. Sorry about that. Having trouble getting back and forth. An example of what's going on today. Fact-checking. President Trump said, oh, there might be Muslims in the group. All kinds of stuff that you need to, as an American citizen, make sure you understand what's going on. That you need to, as an American citizen, make sure you understand about these people in Mexico that are approaching the border. So did you see how the emotions of the people in Sweden caused them to tweet and retweet information or Facebook information that was shared and just made people mad, which the Christmas lights were not because of the Muslims. It was another reason, technical reason. So, okay, here. Now, personal bias. Sometimes our personal bias makes us want to believe fake news, especially if it supports what we want. If we're a liberal, we read stuff and it supports our views. You want to believe it without doing some checking. I did some research, some action research here when I was teaching at Kearney High School. I came to the University of Nebraska at Kearney and I said to some of the people who are assigning research at the university level, and I said, what is it? What is it that our students, when they come to UNK, what is it that they don't know about research? And one of the main things that came out was they're not good consumers of information. They believe everything that they hear or see on the TV or in the newspaper, they're not critical about where this information is coming from. Here's another example. Time magazine reporter Zeke Miller had been in the White House many times when there had been a press conference when Obama was the president. And so he was delighted when he got a chance to come to the very first press conference for Donald Trump. He goes in there now, I'm assuming that Zeke was a Democrat and was not happy that Donald Trump was elected. And at the time there was a lot of gossip out there about Donald Trump being racist. So when he comes in, it had changed, the Oval Office had changed for him when he was there during the Obama administration. There were a lot of people in there, but he did notice that the bust of Martin Luther King was gone and it had been replaced by a bust of Winston Churchill. So before the press conference started, he tweeted out the fact that Donald Trump had gotten rid of the bust of Martin Luther King. Obviously, he let his readership decide if that showed that Trump was a racist. Well, as the press conference went on, he noticed that the bust was still there. It had just been moved to a different, more predominant place in the Oval Office. But by that time, he could retreat, so sorry, made a mistake. But by that time, everything had already been retweeted many, many times. I don't think they could ever come up with a number, but it was in the hundreds of thousands. So just an example of how innocently fake news can get started. Okay, students need to know the political aspects of news agencies. And I kind of was surprised, because when I went to UNK and I did that action research, I came back to Kearney High School and I said to the social studies teachers, I said, do you spend a lot of time on this? And they said, oh yeah, our kids should understand that. But I'm not so sure that they do. I'm not so sure they know the difference between the liberal and the conservative, political viewpoints. You can go online and find out what publications, what their bias is. Time Magazine has a biased rating that leans to liberal, or to the left. And then of course we know what all the left liberal views are. And then we have Fox News, fair and balanced, if you can believe that. But they are definitely a conservative news organization and they represent these views. At Kearney High School, I wanted students to understand the difference between the two. So in my library, my new library, we had a new school build in 2016, I have two televisions. One on the far left, which is CBSN, and then one on the far right, which is Fox News. And then I have, if you can see the post, the signs there that shows what they represent as far as their political views. I really think students need to understand that. I had a student walk by and say, oh, you have Fox News. I said, but we also have CBSN. And she said, oh, and I guess I just wanted to make sure that this illustrated the difference in the political views. Okay, we're going to try another one. This is 60 Minutes, this is on bots. And if you don't know what a bot is, whoops, if you don't know what a bot is, this is important. This was a great class, very informative, a lot of hands-on. Hands-on is really where experience comes from. They're going into programming and colored life. This year's hands down the best. I would definitely recommend the fake news articles. Outrageous and salacious, bedeviled both presidential campaigns. Now in an investigation for 60 Minutes, we have looked into how nonsense on one website breaks out to become a trending article on Facebook or Twitter. We discovered that some fake news publishers used fraudulent computer software called bots to make the articles appear to be wildly popular. Bots are fake social media accounts. Jim Vidmar knows all about bots. He's a consultant who helps products or people get noticed on the internet. So when we're talking about these bots, these are Twitter accounts masquerading as real people. That's right. By the thousands? Millions. We did an experiment with Vidmar's help. We bought 5,000 bots from a Russian website. They cost us just a few hundred bucks. And I'm going to tweet from my account what happens when 60 Minutes investigates fake news. So tweet that out. And there it is. Normally I would expect real people to retweet my message a few dozen times. Vidmar programmed our bots to retweet my message and then he turned them loose. Hit it with everything you got. Let's hit it with everything we got then. They got 3.2 thousand retweets. Wait a minute. I went from 300 to 30,000? 3,400. Now it's 4,400. 4,400. Yeah. And that matters because Facebook and Twitter base their ranking of trending subjects on their popularity. The retweet of a bot looks just like the retweet of a person. On Sunday, on 60 Minutes, we'll show you how fake news publishers turn fake boosts from bots into real money. The stock market is on fire right now. You know it. Hey. And I know it too. This is the best time that you could be. There we go. So internet bots. I always, the way they try to get you to determine if you're a real person is the CAPTCHA. This is a protects websites against bots. And don't you hate it when, you know, they say pick out the store fronts in this picture and you pick them out and you find out that you're not a real person. It's happened to me several times. This is how they try to stop bots. Okay. Okay. There is an article. I've linked it up here, bot or not a bot. How you can tell if they don't have a profile picture. You know all kinds of things that was published this summer. How to tell if you're, if you are a real person. And of course, sometimes you might be corresponding with a bot. Okay. This is interesting. I read some research where the more education a person has, the more willing they are to believe things that they read on social media. They read it on Facebook, so it must be true. Fake news targets both conservatives and liberals about the same. Okay. you this is an example of what I would use to show students fake news websites now you had to be careful because every once in a while there's something sexually salacious on some of these but these are fake news websites and then what I would have them do I created a padlet and they had to find characteristics that these websites possess and they would put it on on padlet characteristics of fake news okay so that's just a teaching strategy that you can use that you can use when you are teaching about fake news websites these four are about the most current fake news websites a lot of clickbait in there a lot of stuff that students need to stay away from okay wonderful story on fake news and the thing that you know as we're going through this and the bots and all the fake stuff coming out of Macedonia maybe we should just go to the US government and maybe we should make sure that they outlaw fake news I want you to think about that as you watch this video the CBS Sunday morning video folks they say listen Obama and Hillary both smell like sulfur there's nothing new of course about using media to commit political slander 1796 an anonymous editorial accused Thomas Jefferson of cowardice of running away from British troops the unidentified author the current toast of Broadway a revered founding fathers could sling mud with the worst of them it's not the nastiness that's new it's the delivery systems a radio talk show host by the name of Alex Jones can be heard nationwide spreading the manure that fertilizes conspiracy theories all over the internet Pete's again as it's called he is a rabbit hole that is horrifying to go down now the charge that Hillary Clinton and her campaign manager John Podesta were running a child pornography ring out of the basement of a Washington pizza restaurant did not as best we can tell originate with Jones the accuser remains anonymous but that story had real consequences 28 year old Edgar Welch after driving from North Carolina entered the pizzeria and fired shots from a semi-automatic rifle no one was hurt he told police he came to rescue child victims for weeks now people have been accusing listen muscatine and Bradley Graham of smuggling children through an underground tunnel from their bookstore politics and pros to the pizza restaurant are the threats over no no they're not over they continue both online and on the phone and I really call it the weaponization of social media and the internet what it's entitling people to do or enabling people to do is to take completely false information make up whatever they want with no accountability so what do you do you call the police the fbi turns out there's quite a high bar that's required for police and the fbi to take action thanks to our first amendment protections has that made you we think whether the the first amendment needs some modifications given the age in which we live it certainly has you know my father actually lost a job in defense of the first amendment back in the mccarthy era so i am probably more than most people pretty sensitive to that issue however we live in a different world now and it's a brave new world that we still have not figured out the purveyors of this stuff have been able to run rampant with no accountability and been able to do damage fairly freely hold on though we love the first amendment free speech the right to criticize our leaders protection among other things for our cartoonists comedians satirists testing gina until recently the targets of satire were obliged to grit their teeth grin and bear it but the shape of the battlefield has changed google what is isis many more people receive donald trump's tweet reacting to the alec Baldwin impression than those who saw the original skit on nbc 10 you've been doing this for a million years the average american could never have gotten to you and said hey ted you know you missed this point glenn bick has among the most popular radio shows in the nation now there's parody on on social media the downside is that there is there is no gatekeeper and there's not a real feeling of personal responsibility online in his time they promoted some of the wildest right when conspiracy theories out there the president's life as you will see is pure fiction this is the new revised glenn bick since really in the last year and and since the election been on as many sources as i can to beg the media to learn from my mistakes you know sometimes you have a road to Damascus moment i've had my road to Damascus moment and if we don't change this if we can't find our way to each other it's only going to get worse which puts glenn bick on roughly the same page as pope francis his holiness compared media's obsession with scandal and ugly things to the sickness of copra failure if you're just finishing breakfast look it up later but it's nasty it can however also be profitable margaret sullivan is media correspondent for the washington post there is now an industry out there of people who are producing things that are untrue and that are highly shareable which is the magic word it's engagement it's all about engagement if you can get things shared you may actually be able to make money from it how does it work sort of a fraction of the penny for every hit yes yes buzzfeed reported this that they're a great story that there was a group of teenagers in macedonia who were doing nothing but coming up with fake news stories they set up their own sites and they registered to attract advertising through facebook you know they put these stories out there i mean made up to be wrong but were sounded believable enough that people started sharing them and they could make you know pretty good money for teens in macedonia just this week facebook implemented a new policy that will make it more difficult for the purveyors of fake news to get paid but fake news is far from being the greatest threat so one of your correspondence comes to the editorial board of the washington post and says here's this story which was leaked by the russians two wiki leaks and wiki leaks has just leaked it to us and we've checked on it and it turns out to be true what do you do with that well we actually faced that choice throughout the past you know a few months exactly so if it's true you run it well if it's newsworthy josh earnest is white house press secretary so what the russians did in the context of the election was to go and take information that was stored privately hack into it and release it selectively over the course of many many days in an effort to try to politically damage or at least unrode confidence in our political system in a way that did politically damage one candidate for president if indeed the russians have been engaged in trying to delegitimize one candidate aid another candidate undermine the electoral process that comes dangerously close to a belligerent act isn't it obviously it's an unwelcome one and that's why you've seen such a such a robust response from the u.s. government well i haven't seen a robust well you see no robust response in terms of basically making clear publicly and in private i've heard a lot of talk yeah has there been any response well the robust response well talk matters what also matters it only matters if you follow it up with action and before leaving on vacation president obama hinted broadly that action was either forthcoming or had already been taken the president also urged us to look in the mirror if fake news that's being released by some foreign government is almost identical to reports that are being issued through partisan news venues then it's not surprising that that foreign propaganda will have a greater effect is this an area where the first amendment remains relevant i think it's always relevant right it's the foundation of our democracy but one of the things that we accept as citizens of the united states are reasonable and responsible limitations on our constitutional rights for example then i think most famously the supreme court has said you can't yell fire in a crowded theater because that could pose a threat to the public well if there was one statement of one justice in one case that i could eradicate from the face of the earth it would be all of our wendell holmes's statement about crying fire in a crowded theater jonathan turley is a first amendment scholar at george washington university i think there is a lot of reason to be worried there's no question that mainstream media is collapsing on many fronts the competition from the internet is insurmountable but more importantly people now have the ability to create their own personal echo chambers to go to new sources that reaffirm their feelings the question is how do we solve that problem the one way we cannot do that is to look to the government that's a sirens call of censorship what's the alternative civility objective reporting a renewed respect for facts it's a thought all right um this i wanted to repeat something that they said there about the sirens call um it if you remember in mythology it was the the seductive voices of the sirens that were were getting the sailors to come to them and once they got there they usually killed or destroyed them um and that's what he's talking about when if we go to the government and we say okay we don't want first amendment um that that's that's going to lead to disaster so that was um what he was talking about there okay now what does fake news mean to librarians well this is an actual headline in the war on fake news school librarians have a huge role to play and actually it's a a bit of job security uh if and i have it linked up here i'm not going to show it but there is a um some research being done by the pierce and educational company and they say by the year 2030 because of information literacy literacy there will be more of a demand for people in our field we will be information scientists okay um another thing recently that i want to make sure that you know about is elie parsnars a filter bubble now i know all of you you've been on the internet and it says uh can we see where you're located allow or don't allow um just so you know that's one of the things that the algorithm is using to determine the things that you like or dislike uh dr crow came in here the other day and she says yeah um i i like the dember broncos i like volvos and i like something else and those ads are always popping up when i'm on my internet browser um this is this is uh an algorithm that these um these web browsers are producing and but what does it actually mean um and i saw an article and i don't remember and i wish i had had written it down but this was a mother was bemoaning the fact that her son who was a muslim sympathizer wanted to um go over to the middle east um when they he ended up um they were going to come and get him and he committed suicide and she looked at she looked at his internet browser and every you know when she put in stuff it came back from the perspective of a muslim sympathizer and she says you know what you know he probably thought that that's the way everyone thought so um i'm not sure if this isn't something that we're going to be looking at in the future okay uh video on how to spot fake news that you can use um here's a political cartoon um consider the source he's looking for copies of the new york times and the librarians says it's in the fiction section um we need to teach information literacy in context text uh do it when you're doing research don't just come out like i'm doing today and talk about information literacy um actually teach it in in the context of a research project um there is a bogus fax fax check dot org has a bogus claims video that that also can be used um and this is a great place to go to check your your facts um they can ask questions to determine the truthfulness it does take some time to get that back these are some of the things that they have talked about um denzel washington in 2008 did denzel washington called rock obama the criminal and she and that came back as no and here's some other ones okay another uh fact check source is uh snoops rumor has it and you can go to there and check out facts okay um other fact checkers are the washington post fact checker and uh politifact dot com and i've linked those up there um along with actual pros we have to tell our students make sure our students understand that there are also visuals out there that are fake um less than 20 percent of the students question this source where those daisies have been altered in appearance okay there's some uh a link to several real or fake photographs it's very difficult to tell just with the naked eye whether or not those photographs have been um altered okay um here is an article uh that i've linked up a tech and learning article about facts becoming harder to measure and articulate and so it encourages uh teachers and educators not just librarians to do their best um just so that you know ebsco has a resource uh ferret out of uh there that's talks about fake news uh that you can get for free if you were interested uh here's another free source from the international federation of library associations and institutions has a graphic um how to spot fake news okay and you know at u and k when i'm teaching my school library classes i make sure that um um in the reference class we talk a lot about identifying good credible resources um for research papers okay um i'd love to entertain questions i know i went a little bit apologize for the the video snafus um but uh i appreciate uh you listening in and like i said there's a lot of resources on this particular um slideshow um and you're welcome to use them i believe i check the copyright on everything in the creative commons is you can you can uh i can share it so um if there's any questions right now that you have for me i think we have just a few minutes sure yeah um we did start a little after 10 so it's not a problem to run longer and um we'll go as long as people do have questions or anything that you want to share judy so if anybody does have any questions you can type them into the questions section of your go to webinar interface or any tips or anything you've used at your libraries or schools about this topic um it's to me nobody had typed anything during but that's okay um it's during the your presentation it's just uh stunning to me i guess that there is so many there are so many resources out there to find out what is real what is not to develop your critical learning skills or and those last couple of just just those um graphics the posters the ferreting out one and the other one that you can just post anywhere that are just there's so much information out about there about how you can evaluate these things properly and know what is real or not and it's sad that there's still people that just believe the the clickbait or the things that they just mindlessly share on their social media anyways and i wish there's something more we could do about it yeah and and i want to reiterate you know i just don't i i think this is something that we don't want to have the federal government come in and make restrictions on i think i think it's something that that we really need to take to heart as teachers of teaching students to be good consumers of information yeah and it's up to us as these as the teachers and the educators and the librarians to keep pushing all of this but did you check are you sure are you sure um is it real is it not yeah where did it come from all of those great tips yeah absolutely um so for anyone who's still here yes we are recording the show the show will be available um the slides um you had given a link at the beginning i did try to go to that on my on um the link that you gave for the slides judy and it looks like it's still behind you have to log in as a unk person uh yeah so that's actually behind there so if you can make that link to be public that's great if not you can send your slides to me and i can post them on our um slide share account which is public so which other way you would uh i might just send it to you if it's not too big sure no problem yeah you can send it to me and all the links everything will come through so one way or another we'll have the slides available to you guys after for afterwards when the archive goes up hey all right looks like there's not any questions coming through so i think that's great we can wrap it up for today thank you so much judy this is great um eye opening but lots of awesome resources out there for everyone to use definitely and i really appreciate you coming on the show and being here with us today um i'm going to pull this back to my screen there we go all right yeah so thank you so much thank you everyone for attending um and i think the videos most i was actually glad those videos did work really well actually judy um we could hear the sound no problem so because sometimes that's iffy you never know good the years came to just fine yeah thank you yeah thank you so um as i said we are recording today and it will be on our main encompass live page this is this page for today's show but our main page here has our upcoming shows and then right underneath them is a link for our archived encompass live sessions uh today's show will be at the top of this list most recent ones are at the top and there'll be a link to the recording which will be posted to the library commission's youtube channel and then judy will get her slides to me and those will be posted as well for you to have access to later um when um it is when the recording's ready and everything's done whether the next day or two all of you who attended and everyone who registered for today's show will get a an email from me letting you know when it is available if you are a big a social media user we were talking about facebook during today's show judy did encompass live is on facebook i have links to it here and here's our page over here so if you are big on facebook give us a like over there and you'll get notifications of of when new shows are coming up here's a reminder of today's show letting people know to log in right now and when the recordings are available i post up here as well as last show so um you can check up on here where's the last one of it there we go recording from the previous one so um if you are big on facebook give us a like and you also get notified over there so that'll be it for today's show i hope you join us next week when our talk is related teaching digital literacy in your library this is amanda suite is our technology innovation librarian here at the Nebraska library commission and she's going to be on the show to talk to us about um everything you would ever want to know about digital literacy okay that's a lot in an hour but the basics of teaching it in your library so please do log in and join us for that show and any of our other upcoming shows you see i've got a couple of sessions here already booked for november december and i am filling in all those other dates this is not we do not do show once a month we do it once a week so i've got other ones in the works that i'm nailing down presenters and descriptions for so keep an eye on our schedule to see what our new shows are come get as they get added other than that that wraps up for today thank you everyone for attending and we'll see you next time on encompass live bye