 Today's topic is functionalism. Functionalism is one of the major theoretical developments of 20th century. It is basically an analytical philosophy and provides the conceptual understanding of much work in the cognitive sciences. Because in the 19th and early 20th century, American School of Philosophy and Psychology, they basically presented this pool of thought. Because a function, a group activity, it must help to maintain the life of a community. It also symbolizes that activity can function to bind a community into a pool. It is like the organic theory. Functionalism is that a function that binds the community to the community. For example, a single system cannot do anything alone. The system of breathing, the system of husband and wife, they all form a system together. The same way the American philosophy came, the philosophers basically contributed. In the context of political sociology, the school of thought is important because every work, every activity within the society, that unites the people, the differences within the people, the thoughts of the people create a unity within them and people's consensus develops. The work within the society is for their benefit and it benefits them. The most important development was introduced by Talcott-Parson. Talcott-Parson specifically talked about four things. One is that any kind of society is based on adaptation, goal attainment, integration, and latency. Now what is adaptation? If we want to understand that how the people adapt the environment. The environment you live in, the conditions you live in, how do you connect with it? Second, attain the goal. In the same environment, how do you get your benefits by living within those limitations? Then integrate its components. Because you are not alone. You have to give your benefits by living within the society. So how do you connect with people? And the most important thing is to maintain its latent patron. Now what is latent patron? It is the education of every person. Every person has to learn from the environment and work within the society. We learn from some things directly and learn from some things indirectly. So latent means indirectly how we learn from the environment or from people. So a very important development of functionalism came when Talcott-Parson introduced his School of Thought. So it is very important for the students of political sociology to understand that Parsons-Eggel model is an analytical scheme for the sake of theoretical production. It is very simple. Obviously it is not in reality. We can understand that when we live within the society, then there are some requirements of the society. When we have to live together, and every person has to try to get something for himself. For example, you or I, we have a lot of roles. We wake up in the morning, our role is different. If you are in the role of your brother, your sister, then your role is different. When you go to study, then your role is different. When you come back, then you may have to give something else. Similarly, I have a lot of roles. Now every role has a requirement. Every role has a demand. According to that demand, how do we operate, how do we opt for this role, and how do we deliver it? This is the whole process of functionalism. In other words, we have to take a lot of things from the atmosphere to successfully perform every role. And we have to give a lot of things to the atmosphere. So how do we bring this interaction in a functional form? To form a functional form, we have to deliver, we have to opt, and we have to adopt the demands of others. It is possible that while performing this role, someone will be clashed, someone will be against us. Now we have to handle all of them so that in the atmosphere, there is no shortage of time. So Karl Marx, Max Weber, and then Talcott Parsons. These are a lot of philosophers. They have given their own philosophies about this role on their own time. They are taking advantage of political sociology so that people can be told that there are different demands for every role. According to these demands, we have to perform our role in a concise form so that there is no conflict in the atmosphere.