 Okay, this is MXUX. Charging defines the BV market in the USA. This is for the USA only. Tesla has a substantial insurmountable lead in top market segment, which is CAH, charge at home, and is moving fast on new charge outside of home, COH, a center concept. This is gonna go over how important charging is to the total addressable market for Tesla and other BV manufacturers. Let's just move on to the first slide here. This is CAH-USA, charge at home, USA. These are people who can charge at home, at night, when they're not using the vehicle, and this is optimal ownership. Now I have charge at home, households. Household could be an apartment, a condo, a house trailer, an individual home, an apartment building, an apartment in an apartment building, so forth. So this is not houses, this is households. In the United States, there's 128 million total households, and we're assuming that each household is gonna own a car, although that's probably not correct, but that's just for the sake of discussion here say that that is true. Of these households, I have 40%, which is 51 million, okay, have 200 plus amp service coming into their home. So their main breaker box, the main breaker in that breaker box is 200 amp or higher, and these are newer homes built in the last, I would say 15 years, something like that. This is the best you can do in America as far as charge at home. This will give you level two and above charging with no problem, you don't have to, all you gotta do is put the charger in, you don't have to do anything else. This will work with the Tesla, the GMC Lyric, Cadillac Lyric, other OEMs. So this is the optimal, okay, and this is a single family home condo, so forth, where you have 200 plus amp service accessible for your charger. That's 40%, that's 51 million. I have calculated previously that this market is like 10% of this 51 million, let's just say five million vehicles a year, and in my past analysis, I said Tesla's gonna sell four million of those vehicles a year, and these other people here, they are gonna get one million a year to split between them, that's my call. So this is the optimal, I got this big arrow here, this is the sweet spot, this is the cream of the market. Now as you move down market, the next segment is 100 amp service or less, okay, and these are people that have a home that has 100 amp service, which is common in older homes, or less, they can have 60 amp service, even an old home might have 40 amp service, okay? I'm making an assumption here that this is gonna limit the charging to a regular outlet, 110 or 120 volts without doing a major upgrade of this service. What this is gonna do is the Tesla, this and this, they're not gonna work right with 110 volt charge, they're just not gonna be able to charge enough overnight, they may be able to do it for a day or two, but if you're using the vehicle on a regular basis, it's just not gonna work for you, after a few days, you're not gonna be able to use it. So you're gonna have to go to outside charging, charge outside of home, but if you don't wanna go to outside charging, you've got some choices here, the Lordstown Endurance pickup truck can charge, it's got a small enough battery that it can charge on 110 or 120 volt regular house current. The same goes for the Abterra, the Abterra can also charge overnight with 110 volt charger because it's got a small enough battery, these are efficient vehicles. Same with the Arkimoto, okay? And you know, you have your e-bike and I have e-scooter here, and I don't mean a two-wheel scooter, what I mean is like a Vespa style scooter, which they're making their appearance across the world now. But you know, you could include a scooter here. I think that the main takeaway from this is if you have less than 100 amp service, these are the three vehicles right now that really are gonna work for you. And you've got the Abterra, which is enclosed, the Arkimoto is open, and then you've got the Endurance, which is a regular vehicle. And this I think is a key selling point for the Endurance, but let's move on. So this is implying that you have a home or you have a condo, you have somewhere you can park, okay, where you can have access to a private charger. When you have street parking, no access at home or you're a renter, let's say you're street parking, you're gonna have the Abterra. That's gonna be about the only thing that's gonna work for you without frequenting a frequenting third-party charging services on an optimal basis, to which you should be able to get enough light in a favorable climate to keep this Abterra charged for normal driving during the course of a week or whatever. And same here, okay. So anyway, oops, let's go back here, sorry. Anyway, so the Abterra is gonna work for you here. Now the light year is coming out, it's $100,000, forget it. E-Bike, E-Scooter, these are things you could put in your apartment. Now I think the important takeaway here is this is a charge outside a home, okay. This is 60% of the market. This is 7.77 million. Let's say this 10% of this becomes the electric BEV portion of this market. So that's seven million vehicles. And these are the most well-adapted vehicles to this market. And the Abterra is the most adapted to the street parking market. The point I'm making is this is also, this is the next tier down. This can be a big market segment. It could be bigger than the charge at home market, depending on how you split this up. But between these two, let's say, well, it's hard to say at this point because there is no good data on how this breaks down. But anyway, as you can see here, the charging is what defines the total addressable market for a battery electric vehicle. And I think people that are looking at the entire market becoming electric soon, I think really this 40% and 51 million is the max the adoption and that's gonna be five million units a year. And I think Kessler's gonna take that. Then when you move down to this next segment, let's say between these two, seven million because this street parking is gonna limit a lot of optimal ownership. You're gonna have to use third party chargers all the time. These three vehicles, in my opinion, have a very good chance of having a market niche there. Let's move on to the next slide. Now this is the charge outside of home market in the USA. And this is suboptimal ownership. Again, this is not perfect. This is not ideal, okay? Charge outside of home, households are equivalent. And this is the same figure. This is 60% of the total households or 77 million. Now I have down here, again, the big arrow points to the prominent one. Tesla only private charge stations and charge centers, 6% of the total charged stations that are out there now. It's 1,400 total and growing. Now, Tesla level two and above, Tesla has 908 presently and they're adding 500. Now these are Tesla's a lot of more travel locations are very abundant and that's the majority of these chargers. However, I will link at the end of this particular video. They're opening up urban charging centers, okay? And I have an Easter egg. For example, they're gonna be adding about 300 chargers, level two, level three, in Los Angeles over the next year. So Tesla is working on this urban charging center concept to take this next level of the market, which is the charge outside of home market. In these urban centers, in these, I call them Tesla yuppie urban centers, where you have high income professionals living in an urban market such as Los Angeles. They're living in an apartment, they're living in a condo and they don't have access to charge at home. Tesla is moving quickly and they're starting to perfect this urban charging center concept. And they had mentioned a diner concept or showing movie clips and these types of things. I, again, I have a video, I'm gonna shoot another one on an urban charging center they're just putting up. The reason I have the arrow pointing here to Tesla, these are Tesla only private charge stations. So they're gonna be able to manage them better as far as access and so forth and upkeep. There are, they're not just two or four, these are like 40 to 60 chargers per location. And these are urban center charging centers and these are in safe locations, well-lit locations, central locations to where the populations of owners live. So this is, I believe, Tesla already leads in the charge at home market and I do believe they're gonna lead in this urban charging center market. Now the next segment of this charge outside of home market is the public retailer municipal markets. Okay, and these are chargers that are in parking decks or in the back of a hotel or wherever they may be. There are 22,000 of these chargers in America right now. Electrify America is one brand that comes to mind, charge board blink, these types of station. So that's 94% of the total. But again, these are public versus Tesla's being private. And these are generally sometimes one or two or maybe the maximum of four chargers in a spot where Tesla is placing these large, 40 plus charger stations, urban charging centers. And they're gonna be very nice the one they're building now in Santa Monica, which I have photographed in a video. I'm gonna get a picture of the finished charging station. Totally different from this. Your municipal chargers are gonna be in parking decks. You're not gonna wanna be in them late at night. Most of them are closed late at night. During the day they're busy. Again, I'll use Santa Monica as an example. The municipal chargers in Santa Monica. And really there are no retail, very few charge point or blink chargers in Santa Monica. Right now Tesla is the only one that has any charging stations in Santa Monica. The rest of these really aren't represented. So in Santa Monica you're limited to municipal. And again, this is a parking deck. You don't wanna be there late at night. You don't wanna be there by yourself. And generally the charge is free or relatively low cost. At least it has been up until now that certainly could change. Absolutely. They could raise the charge rates on these municipal chargers. I think that's something that's gonna happen. But the point is not, then you gotta pay for parking. So you gotta go to charge. Depending on how long it takes to charge you get X amount of minutes free but at some point you're gonna have to pay for charging. So you go out and have dinner, you come back. You're gonna have to pay 20 bucks a part plus. So it's gonna cost you minimum 20. If the municipal wants to start charging it's gonna cost you 20 plus the charge. So you could go up. So 94% of the total chargers are public and municipal retail municipal chargers. 33% of them. Okay, one third, 7,300 are in California because California is the largest EV market in the United States. So this is less than optimal ownership. This is what the federal government is pushing. I don't know if this is certainly not an optimal solution. It does work, but I think the Tesla private multiple charger scenario is much better than this public retail. Although it does work, it is cumbersome, I would say. I do know someone that has a Tesla who uses public chargers and it does work for them so far. Let's just go ahead and talk about so you're gonna have level two and above, maybe level two and above. You don't know what you're gonna get with these public chargers or how they're gonna be throttled and so forth. That's yet to be determined. Anyway, you have GM Ford, the OEMs, so forth. Tesla owners that don't have a Tesla proprietary charger a lot, so forth. The problem with these is availability. Usually their group now in the municipal parking deck in Santa Monica, I know they have probably 15 or maybe 20, I think it's more like 15. They're usually full on the weekends on the busy days. If you went on off hours, you could do it. Again, there are no other ones I know of in Santa Monica other than the Tesla. Ones that are coming online and the ones that already exist by their store, which are on the rooftop on a parking deck as well. So are they gonna be available? They have apps and so forth. People complain about getting to the chargers, having them not be available when they're listed as available and so forth. What type are they? There's a melange of different types across the country. Are they operational? Many people report getting to these chargers and finding that they don't work or that they're difficult. You have to basically join all these charging networks to use these chargers and it can get cumbersome on that level as well. Also now there's, I believe ChargePoint is owned by the people that put it on their property and they may charge what they will for the, I think it's ChargePoint. I don't wanna misquote that. They can charge what they want for the charge and there's been complaints of price gouging. So you can see that these are more plentiful. They are the majority of chargers in the United States right now but there's a lot of disadvantages to charge outside of home. And doable, less than optimal. Again, as a choice between the two, I believe the Tesla model is so much better. And again, out of this segment with this model they're using, I think they're gonna take the cream out of this segment of the market as well. Another place that you can charge outside of home is work, a lot of places have chargers at work where you could charge during the day while you're at work. Level two and vehicle to grid things. Now there's different types here. We can talk about an office where you come in and there's chargers there and you go to work in your office and you come out. You can also talk about the fleet application here where the fleets are out during the day, either a Hertz rental or UPS or whoever it was. And then they come back at night and they charge up. The, excuse me, let me just go back to that slide again. The, so I have level two and V2G charging. This could vary. There aren't a lot of installs of this right now. There is no good, there is no good measurement of how this is working that I could find. Or maybe someone can put it in the comments. But these are for battery electric vehicles. Now on the fleets, the light duty, Lordstown Motors Endurance, I believe has an advantage with the fleet segment here. Okay. This battery is less onerous to charge. Endurance can be fitted with a vehicle to grid concept where they can sell electricity back into the grid versus something like the Ford Lightning, which has a battery, I don't know, twice the size of the endurance, which is more onerous to charge and so on and so forth. I think, again, the Lordstown Motor fleet application for light duty, medium duty pickup trucks is a real winner in this segment. Okay. Out of this 7.7 million, how many, how much would it be? We don't know, but I would suspect that, again, we don't know what this is, but we know the total market here is 7.7 million. Anyway, so you have last mile delivery here, Amazon, you have the US Postal Service, which is now pushing to go to BEV after they're reconsidering their harsh cost, horrible harsh cost decision under the incompetent postmaster that's in there now. The problems with the work at the office or at the work site, availability for battery electric vehicles, how many offices have these chargers installed? They're not mandatory right now in a place like California, a lot of these enlightened companies might have them in the Midwest, not so much. The battery electric fleets, again, you saw Hertz was gonna buy 100,000 BEVs, but none of them are installed yet. So we have yet to see how this is to develop this particular market, oops, sorry, this particular market, but I think a bright spot here is the Lordstown Endurance. Of course, it should be the first, I believe it's gonna be the first in production. I think it's better than the Ford Lightning for a number of reasons, and I don't think the Silverado's gonna be around till 2025. I think the Lordstown Endurance could take these, this light medium duty fleet market by storm. Last mile, UPS, US Post Office. Again, Lordstown has a high top van, which is gonna be their next product, which will address these two segments as well with the same efficient battery and V2G capability. I think Lordstown has a good shot here. But just to recap all of this, if we go back to the previous slide, the charge at home market, I believe that Tesla has this market. They're gonna take, I think 10% of this is gonna be BV and they're gonna take four million cars a year here. This is 60, this is 70, this is seven, let's say eight million vehicles a year. How much of that will the Endurance, Apterra and Arcimoto change? Arcimoto's gonna be in a good climate. Probably Apterra too, the Endurance is set here at 55K, can charge at 110, light to medium duty pickup truck. This I think is a segment that they can really work in. Apterra as well for a commuter vehicle, like I say, the new VW boat. And again, no street parking in a good climate, Apterra again, so I see the future for these brands. But charge at home, definitely Tesla. Charge outside of home again. I think that we're splitting this some point, let's say eight million dollar market up. Tesla is gonna take, at some point, they are just starting, they're gonna be in a good position with these urban charging centers. And they're working smart, they're gonna take the cream of this market, okay? So let's say, all right, let's just spitball it, okay? So let's just say it's gonna be 7.7 million, let's say eight million, how much are they gonna take? They're gonna take 40% of the other market. This, they already are down, but I think they could, I could take, let's double this, let's just say 10%. So you have eight million, 10%, let's say another million. So I think Tesla, with this charging consideration, we're looking at five million vehicles a year, okay? Now that still leaves a lot of households over here, but I don't know, I can't see, I see Tesla taking it. And also the fleet's Lord Sound Motors is in a good shot there. All right, anyway, that's my take on it. Again, the other OEMs are gonna split up the rest of this market and the rest of the charge at home market, but I think Tesla's, these urban charging centers, now there've been some talk about Ford, they're coming out and they're gonna do Walmart charging center, they're gonna put charges in Walmart and so on and so forth, might work, might not, I know there's a location in my hometown where Whole Foods had chargers installed, they took them out, I don't know why. I think putting them at retail, I mean, we don't know. What's gonna keep, see the thing is Tesla has these private, this is gonna be private, what's gonna keep ice cars from parking at these charge outside of home stations at Walmart? Who's gonna stop an ice pickup truck from pulling in one of these chargers? I don't know, how are they gonna police that? How are they gonna enforce that? I think these Tesla only private charge stations, again, they're gonna take the cream of the crop out of that market as well. Let's move on to the next segment here. Summary, Tesla's number one, Lord Sound Motors and Aptara definitely have a niche, so does Archimodo, I have down here GM 400 800, we'll go through that in a minute. So I think going over all this, Tesla, well, Tesla has a insurmountable need in travel charging worldwide. They have the biggest network is growing. Now Tesla is rapidly building a network of urban charging centers. They have the drop on the other OEMs and charging companies. In centers versus individual chargers in the back of a hotel. And this is a new concept being defined by Tesla. So they're not putting them in the, they're not putting them in the Walmart parking lots. These are going in where the cars are being sold and I just define these as urban Tesla yuppies. And I think this is gonna give them another million sales a year. The new heavy BVs like Rivian and Hummer and the F-150 Lightning will require charge at home to use daily in my opinion. And this limits the addressable market they have. These batteries in these vehicles are really big and to find a public charger and to be able to get the right charging level. I mean, it's very onerous. So I think they're gonna be living it to the charge at home market. And I think all of these brands are gonna be splitting up the million cars that Tesla isn't gonna sell. Because Tesla already dominates the charge at home market and has brand awareness and loyalty. If you saw there was a quote that a Ford dealer told a guy buying a Mustang, he said, he should consider buying a Tesla. So the next tier in the market after the charge at home is the urban yuppie charge outside of home. Renters, restricted condos, these types of things. This is the next layer in the market. That's the next tier down. Tesla is moving fast to establish branded private urban charging centers with amenities yet to be defined, you know, the diner, the laundromat, whatever it would be. But this is the strategy they are going with versus standard home standalone chargers, which you would find, you know, when you're traveling but in an urban area, they're looking to put in centers. And this is all yet to be defined. This is a new concept, no one else is doing it. And I believe this is also going to end up being a new profit center for Tesla. It's gonna increase the sales of their vehicles. You know, will there be a charging fee for you? I don't know, you know, will they sell Tesla merchandise? I don't know. Will they franchise space out in the charging center to Starbucks? Good idea. I have mentioned in a previous video about land banking owning these pieces of land in these urban centers. This is, I think, ultimately the way to go. I don't think GM or Ford or, oh, sorry, let's just go back, GM or Ford or anyone else is looking at this, even looking at this yet. So Tesla is gonna skim the top off of this charge outside of home, just like they have the charge at home market. Now, I have down here, GM has an advantage over other OEMs. They have a switchable 400 to 800 volt system. Okay, and this uses an electromechanical switch that changes the way the relay is set up in the battery that allows them to change the voltage and it allows for faster charging. This is really a big deal. I believe Porsche Taycan uses a 800 amp or 400 amp. I forget how the electronics go, but anyway, this, but they have a, it's set that way. This is something that can switch, okay? So in other words, this can give you faster charge times at a slower charger or at home or at a public charger. Now this is electromechanical, which means there's moving parts in there and they're changing around the setup of the battery, the way the batteries are connected to each other. So there is some type of mechanical switch there, which could be a fail point. So it's yet to be tested in daily use. However, this is a GM advantage which could come into play and you can do your own research on this. Are they planning charging centers? I don't know, they're talking about working with charging people, putting in these charges that have advertising on them and so forth, but no one is moving like Tesla is to build these centers. Okay, so you got light demand charging vehicles. These are light efficient vehicles. I think outside of Tesla, this is the key for people that fall outside of that charge at home. The endurance, the Arkimoto, self-charging Aptara. They all have a niche. So it's gonna be Tesla, Lord Sound Motors, Arkimoto, Aptara, GM has a shot here. I believe the $25,000 EV is gonna be the Aptara. So that's gonna take that market niche, at least in the good climates around the world. But I do think GM has the advantage over the other OEMs with this switchable battery configuration. That could make a charge outside of home more palatable. So moving forward, these are the wildcards, okay? And there's all kind of new technology coming in, unknown unknowns I have here. There's battery formulations. There's a graphene battery, indestructible, fast charge times. You can put it in the body panels of a car because it doesn't explode like lithium batteries. Gruber Tesla Repair has a video on this. It's pretty interesting. Welcome back to another Gruber Motor Company video series. Today we're gonna blow your mind with a new battery for electric vehicles. What would you think of a Tesla that can go over 700 miles range and has a battery that can last up to 100 years? Could come. This could change everything, okay? New charging schemes or systems. Tesla centers are way ahead these urban charging centers and I think they're gonna be a staple around the country in upscale Tesla yuppie neighborhoods. The GM system, the switchable voltage system is interesting. You know, there could be induction systems where you simply pull in a parking lot and there's automatically a charger there or road sections have induction charging cables in them and the cars are capable. You know, these are in the future, but anyway, again, I think that Tesla has the advantage here. Now there could be a photovoltaic cell breakthrough enable more self-charging Abterra-like vehicles with a different form factor. Abterra has some of the most efficient, they make their own chips, the solar cells as I understand and they have some of the most efficient ones along with a very efficient vehicle. If that were to 10x that efficiency on those solar cells, you know, a smaller patch of the car would be defined as being used as a power generator, so forth. You know, a tonic, a cover for a pickup bed, so on. So now this is something that I don't think anybody's thinking of here. The grid would be unable to handle more of the BEVs. The sales are restricted. One BEV I have read is the same demand on the grid as three houses. So this is an individuality that there's, the grid's not gonna be able to handle more BEVs when that will be, I don't know, but perhaps not that long and certainly in certain areas. It is an eventuality without innovations or small batteries, small efficient, small battery vehicles dominating. So, you know, at some times, at some point I may say, you know, we can only handle, we can only register X number of battery electric vehicles. I think all of these grid companies, there's one formed by some Formula GE executives, EOSC, I think is a symbol. They have a water-based battery like the Tesla battery. That can store electricity from the grid, but it's not flammable like the Tesla battery. That's an interesting one. DC grids, they're putting in in China. At some point, you know, transformers could be blowing up on the telephone poles. So, you know, will sales be restricted? I mean, we don't know when this is, but it's something that you could think about. I think the grid, as the, I think the penetration now is one or 2% of battery electric vehicles in the United States. As that grows, and I have this in another video of mine, I've done some analysis on this, the demand on the grid's gonna grow. And again, the last thing I have down here are new ultralight vehicles, more efficient, you know, like the Abterra, the Arkimoto, the Endurance is another design requiring smaller batteries with less demanding charging requirements. There's gonna be more, I mean, I think there should be more of these vehicles. I think we're going in exactly the opposite direction, you know, with the Rivian, with the Hummer, with the Lightning, you know, these are big, heavy vehicles. I think we have to look for lighter vehicles with smaller batteries and less demanding charging requirements, you know, to handle this grid, but also to enable more charge outside of home options to get wider adoption of BEVs. Anyway, that's it guys. I hope you liked the presentation. Something to think about anyway. I think this is something that's being ignored. Everyone, you know, I'm not a fan of Buffett, but Buffett said, you know, hedge investor guy Buffett said, well, what's not gonna happen overnight, battery, he's right. I don't, I hate to agree with him, but still these markets are gonna be penetrated. There's so many advantages to owning an electric vehicle, but this charging bottleneck is something, you know, the Biden administration is trying to break through on. You know, they're talking about putting, you know, charging stations on highways. All right, great. But you know, what about these urban centers? Anyway, I think Tesla's ahead here. All right guys, thanks for watching. I hope you understand this torture, these torture charges.