 Well, I'm delighted to welcome you all to the second celebrating our associate professor's event of the spring semester. I'm sorry. I'm not able to be there in person with you today, but I'm really happy to introduce this session today to celebrate three outstanding colleagues. Ramesses Martinez, then you and let him do the purpose of these these events is pretty straightforward. There are three three principal purposes. The first is really to celebrate the success of these colleagues. It's not been an easy journey for them. And they've done some remarkable amazing things and so present in the audience today are some of the mentors of these colleagues. Some of the staff who have helped and worked with them and some close colleagues who have been vested in their success. And we're all here to celebrate that success. The second is also very straightforward. We'd like the colleagues here to share some of the seeds of their success. That's why we have some PhD students in the audience, some postdocs in the audience as well. And perhaps other assistant professors who could be looking to replicate the success in the future. And so we'd like to learn about what key decisions did these colleagues take that help them be successful as they are. And lastly, we hope that this meeting leads to collaborations we have a lot of colleagues from different departments in the room right now. And we have noticed that many of these meetings often is the first time that another colleague even hears about the great work being carried out by the colleagues that we're celebrating today. So it's a great chance to collaborate as well. And to introduce our first speaker today, I'd like to invite our head of industrial engineering, young Jensen over to you son. Thank you, Arvind. Good morning. My name is Young Jensen. I'm the school head of industrial engineering. Since I joined on June 1st this year, I'm very new. I've been truly enjoying learning those new programs that are unique to Purdue and the Celebrating Associated Professors event. This event is indeed actually one of them. Okay. So today I'm here to introduce two outstanding professors of IE. So first, the professor Ramzi Marutines. So Dr. Marutines is currently associate professor in industrial engineering as well as the Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering. Dr. Marutines joined the Purdue in January 2015 after completing his PhD in physics and material science and MIT and the Spanish National Research Council in 2009, and serving in post-doctorate scholar and research associate position at Harvard University. So Dr. Marutines' work focuses on exploiting new manufacturing technologies and understanding the design, interfacial and the physiochemical principles underlying development of the flexible electronics, soft robotics and optical devices to improve human well-being. He has specifically contributed to the areas of the scalable and cost-effective manufacturing of flexible electronics and optical devices for health monitoring and soft robotics for novel applications such as skin-aware, wearable and implementable electronics, smart clothes, and wearable sensors for point-of-care diagnosis. He had a strong record of the scholarly publications which include over 50 journal papers and impressive portfolio of over 13 patents. Dr. Marutines received several awards including Teaching for Tomorrow Award, College of Engineering Faculty Award for Excellence, and the 2018 Global Faculty Award and a last year NSF Korea Award. Let's welcome Dr. Marutines. Thank you everybody, thanks a lot. Okay, so this presentation here starts with, you have heard a lot about me and all the things that I've studied, but kind of like to give you the background, I'm originally from Madrid, Spain. Madrid is a wonderful place. I actually go a lot like my parents to grow me in such a vibrant environment. And even though they have wonderful parties, as you can tell, I was able to actually study and I was the first one in my family who made it to the university. I studied physics and this happened because my grandpa was a person with very solid standards and he thought that there were only two things that you needed to do in order to get a good education. And that was like knowing how to play chess and the other one was knowing fencing because you needed to defend yourself. So I found that a little medieval, of course he would like say like I needed to read Kant and Niche, which by the way is not something that I would recommend to any like high schooler. It's not a happy reading. But anyway, so I just grew with that and basically with the passion of getting mesmerized by systems and getting to tear apart my toys and to be able to think how to play with the components and how to make new toys with different parts of previous ones. Also, in Spain, pranks are like quite like a daily basis thing. So I actually was able to modulate my voice a lot, but unfortunately for me, even though it was a lot of fun, like this phone pranks from payphones is something that died in the 90s. But anyway, so I just took my superpower and became a voice actor and put my voice to like several GPS systems, the pinch roller, Castilian Spanish scores and several other things. So all right, so now what actually was motivating me like after I got my PhD and I knew a lot about like different characterization techniques, different materials. Well, it was actually the first time after I finished like when I was finishing my PhD that arrived to the US. And even though like life here and in Europe, like it's actually more or less the same, the something that this sounds out like very clearly is that like this is a wonderful country so far you don't get sick. And well, just like knowing how expensive it gets when compared with other countries. Basically, I started like while doing my postdoc at Harvard of thinking like, okay, what is going to happen to people that actually do not have that kind of money. And over here, you can tell like there are like many places like hospitals in Tanzania that they don't even have individual rooms. Basically, like you just have like some beds, you fill them up and at some point like you're going to have to cluster people in the middle and like the attention that you will get from the doctor will come whenever comes. Okay, and you better make it. So that makes like over five million children every year under the age of five to die by preventable causes, which I believe is a terribly sad experience. So here is my, when I was at Harvard again, I knew a lot about them like molecules. So I came to the idea of like, okay, can we just take simple paper and run chemical or diagnostics using simple paper pieces so that like the current lab testings can be just performed at home and for a minimal amount of money. So the first thing that you know is that paper actually becomes, it soaks very easily. These two pieces of paper are part of the same original piece. So we treated one with fluorinated molecules that like basically makes it like omniphobic, both oleophobic and hydrophobic. And with that, we thought like, okay, so is this something that can actually withstand dealing with blood which is a complex system that has fat and like salts and other things. And as you can tell, like the drop of blood is actually rolling down like quite a spherically. So that means that we are not leaving traces behind and that now thanks to this treatment, we were able to change the properties of the paper. Then we thought like, okay, why don't we do some origami. And over here you have a plate which is used for like pipetting multiple samples and it is made of paper. It can withstand like multiple months of like under the sun. It will not lose its capabilities. It feels light. And if you touch it, you will not distinguish it from like regular paper. And after you're done, you can just simply burn it and that's all. And then we thought like, okay, so what about like more complex tests? And by stacking layers of paper because it's very thin, we thought like this is actually quite an easy way of like actually running several tests or like several processes inside a simple paper chip. And like we could do serial dilutions and we were able actually to replicate many of the steps that are necessary to be performed in a lab otherwise. So when I arrived to Purdue, this idea of taking a molecule and using it to change the properties of a substrate was something that was actually like something that I really wanted to implement into a large scale so that we were able to fabricate systems that will be able to give this at home capability of doing self-diagnostics properly. So then what we thought is like, okay, so we have a system, it is completely omniphobic, so it will not react to water unless like it is only on the regions that we wanted. But is this, what is preventing diagnostics from going one step farther? And then like basically it was quite obvious that we needed a source of power. And the very first thing that you do when you need more power is like saying like, okay, what are the things that I can just basically get rid of? And then you transform your benstop electronics into something that is like two by two centimeters, okay? But shrinking is not always the answer. And then we thought like, okay, so since we are using molecules, why don't we change these molecules so that they can take energy from the tip of our fingers when we are tapping them? And then we designed like this system here at Purdue where basically the user can simply tap the interface of this testing device, put the drop of blood, and then the little electronics will be able to take the power and actually perform the electronic-based testing. It is an electrochemical testing that will give you a final diagnostics. Then, okay, so paper happens to be like quite thin. It is easy to manufacture on a large scale. Can we make this real again on a large scale? Can we make like some electronics like that you can put on top of your skin? Because there are many stickers out there. Can we make such a thin? And then basically it was a combination of like changing, like rather than putting a little drop of molecules on top of the paper as we did at the beginning, we thought like, okay, why don't we just simply spray? And then we spray these molecules that change the character of the paper, then we spray conductive nanoparticles, and then with the laser cutter we trim these serpentine designs that can be easily attached to the skin. And if the paper is thin enough, as the cigarette paper for example, then like you can just simply use this as an antenna to read information from the outside, or you can mount it on the skin and it will conform nicely. That means like, again, this is like just a sticker, you put it on top of your skin, and the white tape that you're seeing is actually water soluble. So in the moment that my student started squirting water on top, you will see how it actually fades away. And after it dissolves, the system becomes perfectly attached to the skin and it can stay there without you noticing or getting the user to be limited in terms of the natural motions. So that is when it is dry, and again, it conforms beautifully to the skin and it doesn't break. So you can also implant it because the paper we are using was biocompatible, basically using natural fibers, and this little mouse over here in a collaboration with the School of Animal Science was able to actually get irradiation in order to prevent sarcomas from coming back to life again. These stickers can be placed anywhere in the body, so we can put them near the eyes to check on the pace at which pilots are actually blinking, how they activate their muscles, and how their heart works. And again, just putting them closer to a lighter will just basically get them to ignite more and it will be just reduced to nothing and generate minimal byproducts. Of course, because I'm a hacker and I like to hack things, I thought like, okay, where can we put this technology? So we decided to just create these electronics and embed them into conventional bandages. We put them inside bandages and it changed our electronics so that the kids from the children's hospital will not be very negative about wearing this. So we made it into a smiley face and made it so it will have a connectivity with the cell phone and we were able to measure like a variety of things. And then it's when basically this came up to us like actually paper is very similar to wood. It's just like simply thinner if you look at it under the microscope and it is also very similar to cotton fibers. So that means like most of the textiles that we actually wear are susceptible to be functionalized or to be changed in their characteristics using the molecules that we use. So why not doing such a thing? And we were able actually to employ different functional systems that can be actually grabbing energy from every time the user steps on the floor, every time the user like frictions like the lateral side of their clothes while walking or even every time they are flexing their elbow. So we can use that to charge capacitors and actually this technology it is completely something that you can square capture on top of it and like you can clean it right away after which makes these textiles both breathable and also something that you don't have to care very much about like keeping them clean. I'm going to show you this video over here from one of the students and this is the only video that actually has music and the music is actually playing and stopping as the student controls it like with the textile. So right now textiles are now starting to become an interface that the user will use to communicate with the machines nearby and we really hope to collaborate towards changing this way of thinking about like cyber-physical systems. Alright, so the last thing that we said is like okay, so why don't we just make our own thread and we did that using silk and combining that with carbon and these coils that we are able to like basically that we can just show are actually capable of getting energy from the wirelessly. Basically anywhere where you have internet there is energy that is floating around and these devices can actually harvest that energy and still work beautifully underwater because the molecules dislike water so much that they generate a layer of air on top that is preventing the water to get in contact with the electronics. And again just like shaking it a little bit or just like touching it with a paper towel will be enough to get the system completely clean and ready to go. And finally I want you to see like this final invention which was like okay if we have textiles that can react and with other machines can textiles be something that will tell us if we are about to do something dangerous and prevent that possible damage from happening. So we made this glove which is actually capable of detecting if a wire is life or not. So at the beginning the wire is basically disconnected but as soon as it is connected and the finger gets nearby the cable the LED lights on and that will tell any electrician which one is the cable that they can touch and where they need to be extra careful. So again what I think about the future of wearables is I believe they are the best interface for us to interface with other machines and also with ourselves. They are going to be constantly checking on our wealth and they are going to be checking if we are healthy, if our signals decay with time and they are going to be coupled with machine learning methods that will be making artificial intelligence to better understand users and also to better understand how different diseases evolve in the long term. So I want to thank like especially to my mentors here people who have helped me during the hard times like during this tenure process. Professor Raman has been very helpful. Professor Chandrasekhar, industrial engineering and my advisors, Professor Whitesides and Professor Garcia. And my department who has supported me a lot like helping me with my TAs and providing me the capability to develop the courses that I love to teach and that is why I can actually teach my students how to hack different elements so they can transform and expand their functionality on my course on electromechanical systems and I can introduce them to the beauty of robotics and the beauty of like interfacing with humans and I also want to thank my collaborators in animal science and the School of Medicine of Indiana University and my long list of students who made this possible. And of course like a part of this support comes from my wife and my son Alex and with that I also want to thank you all for your attention. I really appreciate it. Great job. Thank you. Okay, we have time for questions. So at the end of the checkout lane the common question is plastic or paper. So I have the... Yeah I know it's on but it was... So do you have an idea of in terms of sustainability and not creating more gadgets that accumulate in landfills do you prefer making them on paper or polymers or what do you think in terms of lifetime sustainability? Very good. So I am very fond of fibrous structures because they are breathable and because if you put a sticker on your skin and you leave it there for a week after you believe it will look ready underneath and there are people that are allergic and have actually like a problem sweating and other complications. So paper becomes a very good alternative for this purpose. There are some polymers that are even cheaper than paper. So maybe there is somewhere in between and that is also why like my group is now working on the development of new microfibers that we create on this board and we can control the breathability of the system and also the mechanical properties better than we can with conventional paper that we just bought. Thank you. Congratulations from BME side as well. Thank you very much. So I see your research is more aligned to BME than IE. So when I come to BME and stay in BME... What are you talking about? That's a good question indeed. So yeah, so I actually love like BME motivation and to basically think of like saying I might be putting a lot of hours on this project but this might potentially help somebody and that is a powerful... It's a very powerful driving force and I'm very happy to couple it with the fact that industrial engineering is very interested in rethinking manufacturing and making sure that the scalable manufacturing is actually meaningful and that we are actually transforming like for example our healthcare accordingly. Thank you. Let's talk. So I'm wondering for your device you can make flexible wires, right? But for the electronic component like LEDs and logic computing are you still using silicon or C5 or are you using like soft materials? Very good question. So there are significant advances right now in the area of like a material science to change them to create new materials that can be actually printed and have some properties like transistors and so forth and some of them have very good biodegradability which is in my opinion the future. For some of these proof of concepts we have a stick however to conventional electronics. However to make it like fully flexible we couple it with... We take two approaches. Basically we put everything together and then we reuse that system so only we change the bandage and that is actually nice because you can keep this clean all the time and just like throwing away the paper part and the other one is to basically distribute the electronics so that they are farther away from each other and then you get a distributed circuit that is flexible and mechanically comfortable. We have a question from the online. Oh please. You do. Dr. Yi's online and says thanks for sharing your work. It's fascinating. Have you pursued commercializing those technologies? I'm very glad to have... I mean one of the very good things of being at Purdue is that we have the Purdue Research Foundation which provides us with a lot of support to patent our technology and to find potential investors and companies that might be interested in what we produce. So we are currently for example exploring a contract that we have with a company to generate wearable devices. This is for athletes that want to get the best out of their workout and the best way to do so is to actually generate to receive a very nice panel of information of their performance on their cell phone so they can compare and check what happens when they change their diet and what happens when they change their routines. Great. So I have a question on the really important area of industrial engineering and manufacturing. We are developing these digital twins as you probably have heard, right? And so one of the core challenges there is how can you develop digital twins of workers more easily. That seems to me that the data you are... I'm sorry. It's on. It's on. Okay. Thank you. Do you want me to start again? Yes. Okay. So first of all, we are staying in industrial engineering because we have great problems for you. Thank you. Thank you. The question is digital twins are really sort of like one of the grand challenges in manufacturing right now and so the idea is sort of have models being fed by real-time data that you could generate with your wearable sensors. Have you thought about that and how that could improve sort of like the life of workers, competitiveness of manufacturing and so forth. I think it's a very challenging problem. Yes, indeed. And one of the lines of research that we currently have alive is basically on tiny artificial intelligence. So because it's very computer-expansive like to actually run these like machine learning algorithms, there is like some like tiny machine learning that can be done like on the edge and we are actually applying that to our system so that they can generate the information and actually feel that which one is the information that is relevant for example towards the elaboration of a digital twin. Thank you. Very good. Okay. We have a last two questions. Yes. Yeah, I was just wondering for like the wearable electronics like the ones that were on clothing, could you put that in like a conventional washing machine or something like that or do you have to like hand wash or how does that work? That's a very good question and it was something that took us a significant amount of research. So one of the things and the reason why you see this little kitty over here is that if you create functional tapping clothes the problem is that you don't know where to tap and actually that is the most useful part of the calculator like knowing where you have each of the numbers so you can actually do or get the functionality. So we did like some embroidery for that to happen and now when we were actually doing the embroidery we faced this issue of like getting chipping when we were trying to clean this after many cleans like even though like these two cleans very nicely like it was chipping away the electronics inside and the performance was decaying. So we changed the recipe and we actually added another molecule that acts as an adhesive with the metallic particles so now these ones do not detach and then there is another particle that actually coats everything nicely. So with these electronics after they were optimized we were able to throw or to basically to throw these smart clothes into the washing machine and do the testing basically the normalized testing for laundry which is 50 loads at whatever is normal in your washing machine. So yes, you can wash them like 50 times and they will not lose their properties after they have been optimized. Thank you. Okay, so congratulations Ramesses. Again, let's give a big round of applause for this continuous success.