 Lake Ormia is the 20th largest lake and the second largest hyper-saline lake in the world before September 2010. It is also the largest inland body of salt water in the Middle East. However, the lake has been in a critical situation in recent years due to decreasing surface water and increasing salinity. To address this issue, this study modeled the spatio-temporal changes of Lake Ormia in the period 2000 to 2013 using multi-temporal Landsat 5TM, 7 ETM plus and 8 OLI images. The applicability of different satellite-derived indexes including Normalized Difference Water Index, NDWI, Modified NDWI, MNDWI, Normalized Difference Moisture Index, NDMI, Water Ratio Index, WRA, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, NDWI, and Automated Water Extraction Index, AWEI, were investigated for the extraction of surface water from Landsat data. Overall, the NDWI was found superior to other indexes and hence it was used to model the spatio-temporal changes of the lake. This article was authored by Komail Rakhmi, Anuramad, Ali Selamat, and others. We are article.tv, links in the description below.