 What's up guys, EvilD here and today I'm going to speak to you about a concept in English slash Esperanto that confuses the shit out of people. And it did for me as well when I was learning the language and that concept is Teo versus Teo, okay? Now Teo means that thing, unspecified and Teo means that thing specified. Now since in English we only have that, it can be quite confusing but let's work with some examples. So imagine for a second, you're in this lovely green field, the sun shining down in your face, oh it's so warm, the hill's in the distance, but wait, there is a black smudge of a thing moving up the side of that hill. What is it? Is it a dog? No, is it a cat? No, it's not a cat either. Is it a basilisk? Why would it be a basilisk? But anyway, let's assume it's not a basilisk either, okay? So it's not a cat, it's not a basilisk, it's not a dog, it's unspecified. That is when you reference it as Teo because you don't know what it is, it is that thing. So if you wanted to say I see that thing, I see is mi vidas, you'd say mi vidas Teo because it's unspecified but now let's assume that you can make out its shape and it is actually in fact a dirty little basilisk crawling up the side of that freaking hill. So in that case, you'd want to say I see that basilisk, you'd say mi vidas Teo in basiliskon, you use Teo because it's now specified, okay? So the best way to think about it is in English, if you ever say that dog, that cat, that basilisk, you know you're adding that extra bit of information about what that is, that's where you would use Teo. And that's basically how it works. So Teo is unspecified, that thing, well Teo is that specified thing. So for instance, if I see that cat, what is it? It's a cat, it's specified, therefore you use Teo. What is that dog? It's specified, it's a dog, therefore you use Teo. What is that thing? It's not specified anymore, you use Teo. But there is a few points where Teo will start to mess with you a little bit. The first one would be when referencing a person, okay? So for instance, it's quite common to see the English sentence, who is that? And it's just Q as does Teo, okay? Generally, if you see Teo by itself, it's lonesome in the sentence, it's generally referencing a person, generally, okay? I'll get into depth about what else it can reference, but generally a person. So if there's nothing after the Teo, assume that it's just, it's followed by an invisible homo, which means person. So Q as does Teo, homo, who is that person is basically the same as Q as does Teo, who is that, okay? But it could also reference something that is understood by context within the sentence. Now what would be understood by context? Ah, let's get back to our example with the Basilisk, shall we? Let's assume again that you're standing there in that lovely field of greenness and suddenly there's a thousand freaking Basilisk surrounding you from all directions, you're without your fucking gladiator sword, and you're like, come at me! And you want to reference one of those Basilisk sitting there, and you point at him and point at him, you're like, I will take you Basilisk! And you say, I see that, okay? Basilisk. Well, you don't need to specify that it's a Basilisk because they're all freaking around you. And you know by context that you're talking about a Basilisk, you're not talking about the horses riding by, you're talking about the Basilisk because there's nothing else but Basilisk surrounding you and they want your blood. So therefore, you don't need to say Basilisk, you can just say me vidas tiwen, okay? And obviously if you're in a life or death situation with Basilisk around you from all directions, Gram is not the biggest of concerns right now. So yeah, you just say tiw, okay? That's the point where it would be understood by context. Another point might be where it's referencing something previously mentioned in the sentence, but that's getting a little bit more advanced. So just think about it. One, if you see tiw by itself, is it referencing a person? If it's not referencing a person, then is it referencing something that's understood within the sentence and doesn't need to be mentioned? If it's not that, then is it referencing something previously mentioned in the sentence? If it's not that, is the guy actually a good speaker of Esperanto because he might have just made an error. That's also a possibility. So let's just run through a few examples. How would you say I see that Basilisk? You would say me vidas tiwen Basiliskon, okay? And how would you say I see that dog? The word for dog is hundo. Me vidas tiwen hundon. And how would you say I see that cat? Me vidas tiwen katon. By the way, the word for cat is katon, in case I kind of didn't get that one out there, but you should know that by now. Okay, and how would you say I see that person? Me vidas tiwen. Ah, good work. You're freaking progressing like a champ. Good work, my friend. Excellent work. And how would you say I see that thing? Me vidas tiwen. Awesome. That's it. It's not really that hard once you understand how it just fits together. So yeah, if you've liked this video, give it a like, share it around with your friends, subscribe to my channel if you haven't already, and I'll see you in the next video. And if you're not there, well, Grandma will be the least of your concerns when my Basilisk finds you.