 The residential sector is responsible for a large portion of energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions in Italy. To meet the EU's decarbonisation targets, it is necessary to reduce the amount of natural gas used in the residential sector. This paper assesses eight possible actions that can be taken at the national level to achieve this goal. These include replacing existing boilers and air conditioners with more efficient models, installing renewable energy sources such as solar panels or wind turbines, and implementing a controlled mechanical ventilation system with heat recovery. Replacing existing boilers and air conditioners with more efficient models would result in the greatest reduction in natural gas usage, while the installation of a controlled mechanical ventilation system with heat recovery would have the highest economic benefit. This article was authored by Marco Noro and Filippo Bassato.