 So hello again, hopefully by now you have a map perhaps on tracing paper like mine and what I've done is I've taken all my cutouts and I've put them on another sheet of tracing paper over my base map. Here's my version, I'll show it up close again here and this is not the final version because we saw another level of thinking about. This is all about putting things in relation to what's going on on the site but we haven't thought about placing things these systems in relation to each other yet and so that's what we're going to do now and again we dip into the permaculture principles to help us and the first one is energy cycling. This is all about connecting the outputs of one system to the inputs of another. Permaculture is well known for making use of waste products from other people often you'll see permaculture sites with pallets and various different things and there we are these are made of pallets and making use of those things but also what's being produced on site that could be used somewhere else we're also thinking about that and that's very much happening here because composting is a system which involves taking a waste product from one place and processing it so it then becomes useful somewhere else soil compost into the garden and so what we've been doing here is thinking about the relationship of this here to the orchard and the conservatory where we grow a lot of things on in the spring so this these two here these are our third year compost systems so in the first year they go into so basically anything from the garden goes into this back one this spring which is what we'll do we'll be moving them all over in a few weeks time so after a year it gets moved over into this one obviously this has to first be moved into these and then every spring what's in here then gets used we sieve this and we use it either for potting compost and so on in the conservatory bringing on plants some of it might go around plants or you know for mulching the rougher stuff or maybe as a soil conditioner on the vegetable beds and so on so it's thinking about the relationship of where the materials are coming from to get here is this a long way from where you're producing weeds and is it also a long way from where you will use it so we think about putting those things together so it's less work obviously when we're turning this compost we're literally turning it from here to here and there's another part of this system is that the planks lift out of the front so we're not having to lift everything up and over we can much more easily dig into it so that's energy cycling it's about connecting one system to another we also have leaf mould here which is another thing with composting and we're right next to the composting toilet and we use some of this in as part of the composting toilet process as well so again it's relative location energy cycling the next one we have is cooperation now this is about putting things together that work well together so in nature there's many examples of cooperation obviously pollinators pollinating flowers of plants producing fruits and seeds and so on and the most famous one is plants with fungi mycorrhizal mycorrhizal relationships so pretty much all of these trees is going to have a mycorrhizal fungal partner that is feeding them nutrients various different minerals including phosphorus and the photosynthesizers the trees and plants are providing an exchange of sugars and lipids and those kind of things so there's a relationship there and so in our systems we're thinking about what can we put together that will help each other out and around our fruit trees here we have what we call guilds so a guild is a deliberate and very basically a deliberate putting together of plants a classic one that you'll find in orchards around Britain very often is daffodils around fruit trees and yeah it looks nice but there was a practical reason to doing that and that is the in the countryside particularly you have a little rodents like voles that like to nibble on the roots of trees and particularly fruit trees in the winter months and so daffodils because the rodents don't like the smell of the daffodil bulbs it protects the tree from the rodents and then we have a couple of others which are related one is edge so edge is thinking about what is the interaction between one thing and another so we're looking at edge in two different ways you know so are you trying to isolate something and reduces exchange with the landscape so if you're trying to keep something different from something else or protect it so these for instance are rounded and not the ideal material but they do use the least material to enclose the most compost and so there's a logic to I mean spheres ultimately but cones have a long way towards that because you lift a cone easily off the heap because obviously as you lift it this the side comes separate from the heap and so on but also this is about keeping separation and so round things a good way of using the least edge least material perhaps to surround something which could be a building for instance you know keep the heat in least materials least surface area to lose heat from or do we want to cause some interaction so they could be as simple as either having a straight path through a space you're trying to minimize the interaction you just want to get straight through or do you want to slow people down and encourage interaction in which case then you want to create a wavy path and that links us to pattern as well which is this is all about shape and how nature uses shape solve things so again you might use shape to put things together do you want to create a wavy edge where there's a lot of integration where you have this kind of thing so whatever this is might be your trees and your some of your plants that you're using support the trees do you want to be doing that or do you really want to be keeping them apart as much as possible and minimizing that interaction edge and just coming back to edge edges can be lengthened like in a pond for instance we have a wavy edge in a pond we create more shallows for things like tadpoles and such to live in which is because the shallows are the warmer parts with warms up in the sun more easily or are we trying to minimize edge so let's have a look at a couple of methods that can help us with this process the first one is what I call the web of connections I'm going to put it up nice and big for you over here and what I've done is draw a circle and I've put all the different things around the outside of the circle that I'm putting in my design I've got kitchen at the top photo pole take panels washing line garden store and so on and I'm just going starting at the top and I'm going around thinking about how does this connect to that and to that and to that and they go around the whole circle and then I go to the next one and I connect that or see how that connects to everything else in the circle and because there's different kinds of connections they have different colors for the different lines so some things are connected every day some things once a week or fairly regularly some things might only be seasonal like taking compost from a compost heap and taking it to put on beds for instance and some things might be permanently connected like the photo pole take panels need to be connected to the battery in the house and so on and I've also used colors for the things themselves because some things are very much fixed you can't move the solar pole take panels once they're in place the garage is certainly fixed whereas some things could be moved like vegetable beds and so on so I've got things that are movable things that are plants which are also kind of movable but perhaps wouldn't want to unless I had to new structures that we haven't put up yet and so on so there's some color coding in here now I find this is most useful in the doing rather than the looking at afterwards although I can determine certain things from looking at it and certainly I can see the most connected things because they're going to have the most lines and ideally then they go in the middle of our design because then they've got more space around them to connect to so that's one method and that's it's very thorough in the sense that everything I'm thinking about everything connecting to everything a different method which I also like which is not a different for you know it's complimentary rather than this or that and that's this idea of just randomly putting things together and thinking about them so I've got a whole set of cards here which I use on my courses and they have different things on that might be in designs and so what I'm going to do is just to shuffle these up and separate them into two separate piles so these will be all the things that you're putting in your design on these cards of course they don't have to have pictures let's just make them look nice and then I turn over the top two or the one from each to the top one from each pile so I've got hedging trees and forest garden and then my task is to not just look at that and go oh they're not connected, throw them away but to give a significant amount of time to thinking about this relationship and remember are there outputs from one that can support the other or services so what is the hedging trees well this is a fairly obvious one because forest gardens have fruit usually which involves pollination and pollinators don't like to fly if it's wind pollinated then that's not a problem particularly but most fruit trees are insect pollinated and so a forest garden tends to want some kind of shelter so a hedging trees it's a bit of a no-brainer but then we're thinking also about direction which direction does the wind come from so when we put things together we also need to think about the directional relationship as well and if you've got nitrogen fixing plants in your hedging trees in your hedge and your trees then the prevailing wind can blow the leaves of those plants in to your forest garden I hope that makes sense so it's about putting these things they do have a connection but also that that connection is directional let's have another look at a couple of others okay so we've got beehives beehives with a water storage tank well bees need water water storage tank is going to have thermal mass and it will also because it has bulk it's also going to provide some shelter so maybe there's a relationship between the bees and the water storage tank and because this the bees might be warmer close to a water storage tank just as this provides a thermal mass but you can't see it on the video can you and also this is why this apricot tree which is just finishing flowering and hasn't leafed up yet so probably barely see it but it's why it's close to this south facing wall because this is a beneficial relationship that we've put together and beneath the tree there's also a collection of plants which are part of its guild so in here we have duffer deals and some alliums both of which are about protecting the roots of the tree from vole damage that one I mentioned earlier okay let's do one more just out of interest outdoor fireplace and chicken shed hmm well the outdoor fireplace isn't going to get used very much it might be it might be some useful manure and straw in making a cob structure perhaps but whether they would need to be really close together of course the outdoor fireplace is going to be used primarily in the summer which means that even though it will get warm it won't necessarily be useful to chickens chickens obviously make eggs you might even eat the chickens on the outdoor fireplace and so on so there's some possibilities here but again I would say don't just go well there's not much there have a think about it one of my favorites was nut trees and the pond which again isn't an obvious thing but in Britain we have a lot of gray squirrels which were originally from North America and they take nuts off trees because when the new nuts are forming that's the hungry gap for squirrels for humans our hungry gap is in the spring when we're waiting for the next batch to come through usually but squirrels in the hungry gap where the most hungry is when the new nuts are coming through and so they'll take them before they're properly ripe and they'll start eating them at that point so we looked at this and thought actually a good place for nut trees because squirrels don't like to be on the ground and they don't like to swim particularly so if we put nut trees on an island then perhaps that's a good way to protect the nut tree so it's an opportunity to spend more time looking at specific relationships in a random way and really think creatively into that okay so next week we'll come back and we'll think about which order we're going to put all of this into practice the implementation a little bit about maintenance planning as well we'll see you then